非谓语动词用法总结

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1、 非谓语动词用法总结 非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是,只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握,就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄,游刃有余。 一非谓语动词区别简表 类别 区别 to do doing done % 含义 主 动 被 动同 位 或 将来 主动或(正在)进行 被动或完成 成分 (名词)主语、宾语、表语 (不定式)(动名词)主语、 宾语、 表语、定语(表用途) (现在分词)定( 过 去 分词)作定语、状语、补语、表语(多表 定 语 、 状语、补语 语、状语、补语 状态) 否定 ( not ) to do (not)

2、doing (not)done 时态 一般: to do 进行:to be doing 完 成 : to have done 一般:doing 进行:本身 完 成 : having done (只作状语) 一般:done 进行:无 、 完成:本身 语态 一般被动:to be done 进行被动:to be being done 完成被动:to have been done 一般被动:being done 进 行 被 动 :being done 完 成 被 动 : having been done 本身 作用 作 目 的 状语、条件状语、原因状语、结果状语 作时间状语、 条件状语、 原因状语、结

3、果状语、方式状语、 伴随状语、 让步状语 作 时 间 状语、条件状语、原因状语、方式状语、伴随状语、让步状语 - 二不定式的用法 不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语(表用途) 、状语或补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词不定式等。 作主语 不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指一件已知的事或目的。 不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事,做是另外一回事。) (2)不定式短语较长时,通常放在谓语之后,用 it 作形式主

4、语。 eg:It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。) It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。) It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。) 2.作宾语 ( 1 ) 常 只 用 不 定 式 作 宾 语 的 动 词 有 :want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer

5、,agree,plan,learn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend 等。 eg:He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.) She has agreed to come tomorrow.(他已 同意明天来.) (2) 不定式较长时,作宾语,也可用 it 代替,放在后面。 ! eg;I find it difficult to do the job well. (3) “特殊疑问词不定式 to do 结构”具有名词特征,可作宾语。 eg:She didnt know whether to go or not. They havent de

6、cided when and where to build the school. (4)不定式可作介 but,except,besides(除之外)的宾语,介词前有实义动词 do 的任何一种形式,后边的不定式就无 to,否则必带 to。 eg:I want to do nothing but play the computer games。 I have no choice but to wait。 3.动词不定式作表语 / (1)不定式作表语放在 be 和其他系动词后,说 明主语的内容。同样, “特殊疑问词不定式”具有名词特征,也可作表语。 eg:My job is to sweep th

7、e floor. His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing. The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well. (2)不定式作主语时,表语也必须为不定式,结构必须保持一致。 eg:To see is to believe. (3)如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词 do 的某种形式,那么作表语的不定式可以省去 to. eg:The first thing to do is find her. , The only thing he c

8、ould do was tell the truth. 4.不定式作定语 不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。 eg:I have something important to tell you.(不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系。) His wish to an artist has never come true.( 不定式与被修饰名词构成同位关系。) He is the right man to do the job. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系。) The little girl was unhappy because she had no friends to play w

9、ith. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系。 )(注:若不定式为不及物动词,其后须加上相应的介词。) 5.不定式作状语 不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果,可位于句首或句末,但句首时通常用逗号隔开。 eg:We set off early that morning to catch the first bus.(目的) To get a good result,she worked very hard. (目的) I feel it an honor to be invited to the party.(条件) She was very happy to get the firs

10、t prize.(原因) He worked hard only to fail.(结果) (注:1.不定式常用在 so as 或 in order 后,与它们一起作谓语,表示目的,但 so as 引起的不定式不可置于句首。 ( eg:In order to avoid mistakes,check your homework. 2.不定式表目的常和 only 连用,往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不愿得到的结果。 eg:He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.) 3 “形容词enough不定式”和“too形容词或副词(不

11、表情感)不定式” 也可作结果状语。 eg:He is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to raise the stone. 但“too表情感形容词(pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious 等)to do”表示肯定意义,too 前面可用 only,but 等词修饰。 eg:They were (only) too anxious to leave.(他们只是太急于离开了。) $ She is (only) too pleased to go home.(她非常高兴可以回家了。) 6.不定式作补语 不定式作补语表

12、示动作的完成。宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系。 (1)后接动词不定式作宾补的常见动词有:want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg,request,require,beg,get,advise,persuade,invite,order,remind,permit,allow,send,callon,wouldlike/love,arrange for,depend on 等。 eg:She wanted me to arrive there early. Our headmaster call on us to work hard. (2)动词不定

13、式可作感官动词(五看二听一感觉即:see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel)和使让动词(let,make,have等)后面的宾补时,不定式符号 to 要省略,但如果句子变被动结构,必须带 to.表示动作的完成。 eg:He made them climb the hill. They were made to climb the hill. (3)动词不定式可作形容词的补足语 动词不定式可作形容词的补足语,句型为: (一)主语系动词表语(adj 为convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/i

14、mpossible/pleasent 等)to do.(注:to do 常用主动表被动,其中 do 为 vt,主语为 to do 的宾语。) (二)主语find/think/consider/believe 等宾语adjto do.(注: 其中 to do 常用主动表被动,其中 do 为 vt,主语为 to do 的宾语。) : He is easy to fool : () “特殊疑问词不定式 to do”具有名词特征 , 可 作 宾 补 。 ( 谓 语 动 词 多 为show,know,teach,tell 等。) eg:Ill tell you how to get there 7 不定

15、式作评注性状语或插入语 不定式可以作评注性状语或插入语,放在句子前面、中间或末尾。常见的有 to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin with,to start with,to be short 等。 eg:To begin with,I thinkyou are wrong. 三动名词用法 动名词具有动词和名词的特点,有一般式和完成式,有主动式和被动式,可作主语、宾语、表语 和定语.否定形式在其前面加 not. (1)动名词作主语 % 动名词作主语表示抽象动作,指一件已知的事或经验。 eg:Driving a car on the

16、 crowded road is boring. Reading is my hobby. ( 2 ) 常 只 用 动 名 词 作 宾 语 的 动 词 有 :admit,avoid,appreciate,consider(考虑)dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest 等。 eg:I cant imagine marrying her. She managed to escape being punished. 以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语:give up,b

17、elong to,look forward to,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,have difficulty/trouble(in),have agood/wonderful time (in)等。 eg:Im looking forward to hearing from you soon. He gave up smoking three years. (3)动名词可作表语 动名词可作表语, 一般为主语的内容.表示一般性或习惯性的动作。在概念上可以和主语划等号。把主语和表语倒过来,句子的基本含义不变。 eg:His

18、 hobby is painting. (4)动名词可作定语 动名词可作定语,表示所修饰事物的功能或用途。 eg:He often studies in the reading room. 四现在分词 现在分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中作定语、状语、补语和表语。 1 作定语 现在分词作定语,单个放在被修饰的名词前;如果短语作定语, 则放在所修饰词的后面。 动词-ing 作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系,表示动作正在同时进行或经常性发生。 eg:the falling leavesthe leaves which are falling the rising sunthe sun whi

19、ch is rising I saw him go into the house facing south. 2 作状语 动词-ing 或其短语作状语时,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。表示时间关系的动词-ing 短语可由连词 while 或 when引出。 、 eg:Hearing the news,they got excited.(时间) Having finished his homework,she was playing on the playground.(原因) Studying hard,you are sure to get the first priz

20、e.(条件) 3 作补语 现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行,宾语与作补 语的现在分词之间是主动关系。 后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词(五看二听一感觉 see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel) 使让动词(have,get)以及其他类动词leave,keep,catch,set 等。表示动作正在进行。 eg:I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday. Dont leave him waiting outside the room. 作表语 现在分词作表语相当于形容

21、词,常表示主语所具有的特征,含有主动意味。大多数使动词的现在分词通常可作表语,常见的有:interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasing,exciting,moving,disappointing,surpring,encouraging 等。 eg:His story was very moving. The speech is really boring. 作评注性状语或插入语 可以作评注性状语或插入语,放在句子前面、 中间或末尾。 五过去分词 过去分词既有副词的特征又有动词的特征,在句中可作定语、状语、补语、表语等成分。 ¥ (1)作定语 过去分词作定

22、语,它和被修饰词之间是被动、完成关系,单个过去分词作定语放在前,过去分词短语作定语放在后。其中及物动词的过去分词表示完成或被动概念,不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成概念,没有被动的意味。 eg: the risen sun the sun which has risen fallen leavesleaves which has fallen This is the house built several years ago.This is the house which was built sveral years ago. (2)作状语 过去分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或 情况。它和

23、被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中可以作时间、条件、原因、方式、让步和伴随状语。 eg:Tired out,they stopped to have a rest.(原因) Taken around the city,we were impressed by the citys new look. Though warned of the danger ,he still went skating on the thin ice. (3)作补语 及物动词的过去分词作补语,和宾语之间构成被动关系。不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表状态和完成。 (1)可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词(五看二听一感觉)

24、 ,使役动词 have,get,make 等,以及其他类动 keep,leave,like,want,wish 等。 eg:I cant get the car going. I had my leg broken last week. (4)作表语 ; 过去分词作表语表示被动意义,主语常是人,一般用来表示感受和状态,可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有:astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited,experienced,exhausted,frightened,interested,puzzled,qualitied,satisfied,upset 等,有些

25、过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语。如:be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered with,be dressed in,be seated,be locked 等。 能用这些分词作表语的系动词有 be,get,remain,stay 等。 eg:The door remained locked. We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech. 六非谓语动词的独立结构 非谓语动词的独立结构为“名词或代词非谓语动词” 或“with名词/代词非谓语动词” 。在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子

26、(即:非谓 语动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,须保留之后所构成的结构) 。可放在句首或句尾。 (一) 名词或代词非谓语动词 (1)名词/代词不定式 名词或代词通常为动作的执行者,与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系,可位于句首或句末。 eg:He will send me 100 first,the rest to follow in a year. (2) 名词/代词现在分词 名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者,与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 eg:Time permiting,we finish the work.(表条件) Spring coming on,the trees tur

27、ns green.(表时间) (3)名词/代词过去分词 名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表关系。 eg: The sigal given,the bus started. Their strength exhausted,they sank down one by one.(表原因) (二)with名词/代词非谓语动词 (1)with名词/代词不定式 不定式和宾语之间是被动关系,表示动作尚未发生。 eg:With nothing to do,they went out for a walk.(表原因) (2)with名词/代词现在分词 宾语和动词

28、-ing 之间是主动关系,表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。 eg:The boy slept with the light burning. (表伴随) (3) with名词/代词过去分词 不定式和宾语之间是被动关系,表示动作已经完成。 eg:They stayed inside with the door locked. (表伴 随) 七非谓语动词的区别问题 (一)动词后接 to do 不定式还是动名词 (1)只能接 to do 不定式的动词有: want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,a

29、gree,plan,learn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend 等。 ( 2 ) 常 只 用 动 名 词 作 宾 语 的 动 词 有 :admit,avoid,appreciate,consider(考虑)dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss(错过),practise,risk,resist,suggest 等。 (3)动词后二者都可跟,意义不同的有: , forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 regret to do st

30、h 后悔要做某事 regret doing sth 后悔做过某事 go on to do sth 接着做另外一件事 go on doing sth 接着做同一件事 stop to do sth 停下来开始做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 % try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事 mean to do sth 打算(意欲,企图)做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 cant help (to) do sth 不能帮忙做某事 cant help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 (4)动词后二者都可跟,意义相同的有:beg

31、in,start,like,love,prefer,hate 等。但是区别在于:后接动名词时表示经常性的动作,后接不定式时表示的是具体的特定的动作。 eg:I like playing football,but I dont like play now. 重点提示: 在下列情况下 begin 和 start 后只接不定式: .主语是物不是人。 eg:Spring came on and the snow began to melt. .二者用于进行时 eg:Its begin to rain. .二者后接表示心理活动或状态的动词。 eg:I began to realize how stupi

32、d I was. .二者后接不定式的被动式。 eg:The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s. (二) “感官动词宾语宾补(to do sth/doing sth) ”的区别 感官动词宾语宾补(to do sth)表示事实或全过程 感官动词宾语宾补(doing sth)表示片段或进行 # eg:The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. Did you see a pencil-box lying on the ground just now. (三

33、)个别“使让动词宾语宾补”的特别词的用法 1)have宾语宾补 have宾语do“让做某事” ,不定式作宾补可以指现在、将来或可能发生的动作。 eg:They had me repeat the message. I wont have you say such things. I wont have you blame it on me. | have宾语doing “让一直做某事” ,现在分词作宾补可以表示主语有意让别人去做或无意引起某人可能去做或表示遭遇。 eg:Tom tried to have her no use. I wont have you speaking to your

34、parents like that. (注:have宾语doing 用于否定句,have 有容忍之意。) Why should we have the boy standing in the corner the whole morning. have宾语done “让被做”过去分词作宾 补可表示主语有意识的行为或表示“遭遇” 、 “经历” (动作违背主语的意愿) eg:We ought to have her examined by a doctor. The old woman had her handbag stolen. 2)get宾语宾补 , get宾语to do(have宾语do)

35、 “让做某事”有时则是“说服或劝说某人做某事” eg:I will get the publisher to illustrate(加上插图) the book. get宾语doing“使(静的物体)动起来” ,具有进行含义。 eg:I shall soon get the machine working. 3)get宾语done“让被做”用法与 have宾语done 基本相同。 eg:He got his wrist broken. 习题练习: 1.(2009 全国 I)Now that weve discussed our problem,are pople happy with the

36、decisions ! . take 2. (2009 全国 I)The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom. at look at looking at at 3. (2009 全国)They use computers to keep the traffic . smoothly. run run 4.(2009 北京)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit on his own farm. ( grown be grown g

37、row 5. (2009 北京) twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. bitten bitten be bitten 6.(2009湖 南 )Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it . be reused 7.(2009 陕西)I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. take be taken tak

38、en 8.(2009 重庆)Michaels new house is like a huge palace, with his old one. / compare 9.(2009 重庆)With the world changing fast,we have something new with all by ourselves every day. deal 10.(2009 山东)We are invited to a party in our club next Friday. be held held 11.(2009 福建) not to miss the flight at 1

39、5:20,the manager got out for the airport in a hurry. remind reminded 12. (2009 福建)In April,2009,President Hu inspectd the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. ; marked marked 13.(2009 安徽)The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. produed be pr

40、oduced been produced 14.(2009 天津) by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. encouraged encouraged 15. (2009 天津) the project in time,the staff were working at weekends. completed have completed complete 16.(2009 辽宁)When we visited my old family home,memory came

41、back. flood 17. (2009 辽宁) ,you need to give all you have and try your best. a winner be a winner a winner been a winner 18.(2009 江苏)Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment p

42、ressures. have helped help helped 19. (2009 浙江)There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the brains. indicate be indicating 】 20. (2009 浙江) , the pay isn t attractive enough,though the job itself is quite interesting. speaking the contrary particular be honest

43、 21.(2009 四川)He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion. have 22. (2009 四川)Ladies and gentlemen,please remain before the plane has come to a complete stop. seat 23.(2009 四川) many times,he finally understood. told been told 24.(2009 江西) the right kind of training,these teenager soccer pla

44、yers may one day grow into international stars. given give 25. (2009 江西)The government plans to bring in new laws parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. be forced forced 26.(2008 全国 I)I like getting up very early in morning air is so good . be breathed breathe breat

45、hed 27 (2008 江苏)They are quiet,arent they are accustomed at meals. talk not talk talking not talking 28.(2008 江苏)To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can. speak 29.(2008 湖南) the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day. complete 30. (2008

46、辽宁) Please remain ;the winner of the prize will be announced soon. seat be seated 31.(2008 山东)Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made in the restaurant. work 32.(2008 上海)Something as simple as some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. drink be drinking 33. (2008 上海)Ideally f

47、or Broadway the theatres and Fifth Avenue,the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. ? located been located 34.(2008 浙江) that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest. realized to realize realizing to have realize 35.(2008 陕西) around the Water Cube,we were then taken to

48、 see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. shown be shown been shown show 36.(2008 福建) in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. wait waited have waited 37. (2008 福建)Can those at the back of the classroom hear me. 答案解析: 本题主要考查“ with名词/代词过去分词”

49、的用法。不定式和宾语之间是被动关系,表示动作已经完成。 本题主要考查“不定式作状语” 。不定式作状语 主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果,可位于句首或句末,但句首时通常用逗号隔开。 本题主要考查“现在分词作补语” 。后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词(五看二听一感觉 see,look at,watch,observe,notice/hear,listen to/feel)使让动词(have,get)以及其他类动词leave,keep,catch,set 等。表示动作正在进行。 本题主要考查”过去分词作定语”.过去分词短语作定语放在后,表示完成或被动概念。 本题主要考查“过去分词作状语” 。过

50、去分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作原因状语。 本题主要考查“不定式作形式宾语” 。不定式较长时,作宾语,可用 it 代替,放在后面。 本题主要考查“只用动名词作宾语” 。常只用动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,avoid,appreciate,consider(考虑) dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,su-ggest 等。 本题主要考查“过去分词作状语” 。过去分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间

51、是被动关系。它在句中作方式状语。 本题主要考查“不定式作定语” 。不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系。 本题主要考查“不定式作定语” 。不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系。 本题主要考查“过去分词作状语” 。过去分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作原因状语。 本题主要考查”现在分词作状语” 。动词-ing 或其短语作状语时,作伴随状语。 本题主要考查“不定式作后置定语” 。不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。表目的或将来。 14. C 本题主要考查“过去分词作状语” 。过去

52、分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作原因状语。 本题主要考查“不定式作状语” 。不定式作状语主要是表示目的。可位于句首或句末,但句首时通常用逗号隔开。 本题主要考查”现在分词作状语” 。动词-ing 或其短语作状语时,作伴随状语。 本题主要考查“不定式作状语” 。不定式作状语表示目的。可位于句首或句末,但句首时通常用逗号隔开。 (同 17 题) 本题主要考查“现在分词作定语” 。现在分词短语作定语,放在所修饰词的后面。动词-ing 作定 语和被修饰词之间为主动关系,表示动作正在同时进行或经常性发生。 本题主要考查“不定式作评注性状语或插入语” 。不

53、定式可以作评注性状语或插入语,放在句子前面、中间或末尾。常见的有 to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin with,to start with,to be short 等。 本题主要考查“不定式作主语” 。不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指一件已知的事或目的。 本题主要考查“过去分词作表语” 。过去分词作表语表示被动意义,主语常是人,一般用来表示感受和状态,可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited,experienced,exhausted,frightene

54、d,interested,puzzled,qualitied,satisfied,upset 等,有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语。如:be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered with,be dressed in,be seated,be locked 等。 能用这些分词作表语的系动 词有 be,get,remain,stay 等。 本题主要考查“过去分词作状语” 。过去分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中可以作时间、条件、原因、方式、让步和伴随状语。 本题主要考查“过去分词作状语” 。过去

55、分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作条件状语。 本题主要考查“现在分词作定语” 。现在分词作短语作定语,放在所修饰词的后面,与被修饰词之间为主谓关系,表示动作正在同时进行或经常性发生。 本题主要考查“动词不定式可作形容词的补足语”。动词不定式可作形容词的补足语,句型为:主 语 系 动 词 表 语 ( adj为convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/impossible/pleasent 等)to do.(注:to do 常用主动表 被动,其中 do 为 vt,主语为 to do 的宾语。) 本题主要考查“动

56、名词否定形式” ,须在其前面加 not. 本题主要考查“现在分词作补语” 。现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行,宾语与作补语的现在分词之间是主动关系。 后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词(五看二听一感觉 see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel) 使让动词(have,get)以及其他类动词leave,keep,catch,set 等。表示动作正在进行。 本题主要考查“不定式作状语” 。不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果,可位于句首或句末,但句首时通常用逗号隔开。 本题主要考查“过去分词作表语” 。过去分词作表语表示被动意

57、义,主语常是人,一般用来表示感受和状态,可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有: astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited,experienced,exhausted,frightened,interested,puzzled,qualitied,satisfied,upset 等,有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语。如:be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered with,be dressed in,be seated,be locked 等。 能用这些分词作表语的系动词有 be,get,remain,s

58、tay 等。 本题主要考查“现在分词作时间状语” 。动词-ing或其短语作状语时,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。表示时间关系的动词-ing 短语可由连词 while 或 when 引出。 本题主要考查“现在分词作时间状语” 。现在分词或其短语作状语时,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。表示时间关系的动词-ing 短语可由连词 while 或 when 引出。 本题主要考查“过去分词作原因状语” 。过去分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中可以作 时间、条件、原因、方式、让步和伴随状语。 本题主要考查“现在分词作状语” 。现在分词或其短语作状语时,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。 (同 34) (同 34) 本题主要考查“过去分词作定语” 。过去分词作定语,它和被修饰词之间是被动、完成关系,单个过去分词作定语放在前,过去分词短语作定语放在后。

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