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1、英语句子概论1课堂教育英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句(simplesentence)并列句并列句(compoundsentence)复合句复合句(complexsentence)2课堂教育简单句的五种简单句的五种基本基本句型句型Theweatherisverycold.主语主语+谓语（连系动词）谓语（连系动词）+表语表语Helaughed.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwar
2、m.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语3课堂教育并列句并列句把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来。连接起来。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it. 并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列连词常用并列连词:平行平行并列连词并列连词:转折转
3、折并列连词：并列连词：因果因果并列连词并列连词:选择选择并列连词并列连词:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernorbut,however,while,yet,or,eitherorfor,so4课堂教育复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句名词名词性从句性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句5课堂教育Noun Clause6课堂教育名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句在复合句中能担任中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。等。主语主语 His jo
4、b is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 7课堂教育宾语宾语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.8课堂教育Practicetime：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。指出下列各名词性从句的种类。1.Atlu
5、nchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.5. Whenwewillstartisnotclear.6. Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.宾语从句宾
6、语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句同位语从句同位语从句9课堂教育Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句10课堂教育1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）句子做宾语就是宾语从句句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在，跟在及物动词及物动词或或介词介词后后句子结构：句子结构：主句主句 + +连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+ + 宾语从句。宾语从句。11课堂教育宾语从句的注意事项宾语从句的注意事项引导词引导
7、词 句子类型句子类型that陈述句陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句if/whether(是否是否)特殊疑问词特殊疑问词特殊疑问句特殊疑问句12课堂教育一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）1.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是陈陈述述句句时时（包包括括肯肯定定句句和和否否定定句句），连连词词由由that引引导导，因因为为that在在从从句句中中不不作作任任何何成成分分，也也没没有有任任何何具具体体意意思思，因此在口语或非正式文体中因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。常省略。vLinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.vShesays(that)shewonttakepartin
8、thesportsmeetingnextSunday.vJim thought (that) the train was like a bigmovingparty.13课堂教育宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能省略：不能省略：（1）当）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个第二个that不能省；不能省；（2）当）当that从句作从句作介词宾语介词宾语时，时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做做形式宾语形式宾语的宾语从句。的宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandth
9、atshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.14课堂教育在在主主句句为为动动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面面所所跟跟的省略的省略that的从句也可算是的从句也可算是宾语从句。宾语从句。vImsorry(that)Idontknow.vWeresure(that)ourteamwillwin.vImafraid(that)hewontpa
10、sstheexam.15课堂教育2.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是一一般般疑疑问问句句时时，由由连连词词whether或或if引导，引导，“是否是否”，不能省略。，不能省略。vLilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.vLetsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.vSheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.16课堂教育1).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句a.当有当有ornot时就用时就用whe
11、ther,不用不用if.IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别:17课堂教育Practicetimeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.
12、5. I dont know _ I should go. if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_ to go.whether18课堂教育3.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句时时，由由疑疑问问词词（what, who, whom, which, whose when,where,how,why等等）引引导导，因因为为疑疑问问词词在在从从句句中中担担任任一一定定的的句句子子成成分分，具具有有一一定定的的意义，所以意义，所以不可以省略。不可以省略。vDoyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?vIdontrememberwhe
13、nwearrived.vIaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.vPleasetellmewhowhomwehavetosee.vDoyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?19课堂教育二、时态二、时态1. 1. 如果如果主句是现在的时态主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。vIknowhelive
14、shere.vIknowhelivedheretenyearsago.vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.20课堂教育2.如如果果主主句句是是过过去去的的时时态态（包包括括一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行行时时），那那么么从从句句的的时时态态一一定定要要用用相相对对应应的的过过去去的的某某种种时时态态（包包括括一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）过去完成时）vIknewwholivedhere.vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwoul
15、dcomebacktomorrow.vHesaidthathehadseenit.21课堂教育3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用时用一般现在时一般现在时。vTheteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.22课堂教育三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分。其他成分。Idontknowwhatisthematterthetroublewrongwithhim.23课堂教育1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?
16、Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.24课堂教育1. 1. Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whetherA.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whethe
17、r2. 2. Wedontknow_theydidit.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichA.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.3. TheThe teacherteacherasksasks usus _ JimJim cancan comecome backback onontime.time.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeA.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime 4.4.DoesDoesanybodyanybodyknowknow_wewewillwillhavehavea asports
18、sportsmeetingthisweekendornot.meetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatA.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC25课堂教育5.Couldyoushowme_?5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationA.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanr
19、eachthestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeA.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedA.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshe
20、waswaitingD.wheredidyouliveC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD26课堂教育8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisA.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchA.yo
21、uhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,was
22、ntgoA.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoBCD27课堂教育Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句28课堂教育表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在放在系动词系动词之后之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem29课堂教育连接词连接词：that / whether /as if /
23、as though （ if 不引导表语从句不引导表语从句) who / whom / whose / which / what when / where / why / how / becauseThe question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time .He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .30课堂教育注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否” 时，只能用时，只
24、能用 “whether”不能用不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3. It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /whythat .31课堂教育1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thati
25、s_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when32课堂教育Subject Clauses 主语从句主语从句33课堂教育主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分。主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分。1) That he will succeed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not known .3) What he said is not true .4) Where he hid the
26、money is to be found out .5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed .7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8) When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.34课堂教育一一.由由that引导引导that无意义无意义,后接一个完整的句子后接一个完整的句子.that不可省。不可省。1.Thatweshallbelateiscertai
27、n.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会)ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance二二whether“if” 不能引导主语从句不能引导主语从句三三.疑问词疑问词引导词引导词35课堂教育注意一注意一:主语从句后置主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常经常用用it作形式主语作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelat
28、e.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-由连词由连词whether,连接代词连接代词what,who,which和和连接副词连接副词when,where,why,how等引导等引导,也常常后置也常常后置:Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.36课堂教育It 的用法：的用法： （形式主语）（形式主语） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的
29、是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 Its said/ reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道 Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布 It seems/appears/happens. that 显然、明显、碰巧显然、明显、碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知众所周知/ a common saying.（俗话说）（俗话说）37课堂教育注意二注意二注意：主语从句中注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用，谓语
30、动词一般用单数单数What引导的主语从句，可根据引导的主语从句，可根据表语表语决定决定Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.38课堂教育what引导名词性从句时在从句中引导名词性从句时在从句中充当充当句子成分句子成分,如主语如主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,而而that则则不然不然,它在句子中它在句子中只起连接作用只起连接作用。例如：。例如：(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.注意三：注意三：What与与that引导主语从句引导主语从句 39课堂教育
31、1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.a.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to c. What; belo
32、nging to d. It; belonging to40课堂教育4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave41课堂教育同位语从句同位语从句 1. 跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常
33、用名词有常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。等。Suggestion, suggest order demand wish等等2. 常用连词：常用连词：that; when, where, why, howe.g. 1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。2.问题是他如何做这件事的。问题是他如何做这件事的。 Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army. I
34、ts the question how he did it.42课堂教育注意：注意：1. 1.同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义不可省。2. 2.在have no idea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句。I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.43课堂教育1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot
35、.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.44课堂教育4.Time travel is pos
36、sible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that t
37、eenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.45课堂教育比较：比较：1.We expressed the hope that they had expected.我
38、们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.我们希望他们再来中国访问。我们希望他们再来中国访问。定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句46课堂教育区别区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从引导的同位语从句和定语从句：句：1.1.引导同位语的连词引导同位语的连词thatthat在句中在句中不作任何句不作任何句子成分子成分，而在定语从句中，而在定语从句中，thatthat充当的可充当的可以是以是从句的主语或宾语从句的主语或宾语等。等。2.2.同位
39、语从句是对前面名词的内容的同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说具体说明明，而定语从句是对前面名词，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，进行修饰，解释为解释为“. .的的”3.3.连词连词thatthat在同位语从句中在同位语从句中不可省略不可省略, ,而在而在定语从句中当它充当定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略宾语时可以省略。47课堂教育Practice:判断下列各句是同位语判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句从句还是定语从句1.TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.2. Thehopethatsheexpressedistha
40、ttheywouldcometovisitChinaagain. 3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.4.Icantstandtheterriblenoisethatsheiscryingloudly.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句48课堂教育1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / tha
41、t C That / what D That / because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that BAB3.He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason49课堂教育4 _has helped t
42、o save the drowning girl is worth praising . A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A that B how C where D what DA50课堂教育6 - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days
43、 off ? A why B when C what D where 7 -Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ? - Oh ,thats _. A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited AA51课堂教育9._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from o
44、ne aspect . A What B That C This D Which 10. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule : Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A what B which C when D that 11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A continues B continue C continued D had continued BAB
45、52课堂教育12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor_buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.(05)A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever53课堂教育14.Manynewspaperprintedthegov
46、ernorsstatement_wouldsupportataxcut.A.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15._manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.A.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever54课堂教育1. Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A. where
47、 she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put2.The reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what3. _ breaks the law should be punished.A Whoever b. No matter who c. anyone. d. who 55课堂教育4.Thatis_Ihadtotaketheriskofbei
48、ngwashedaway.A.whyB.reasonwhyC.howD.what5.Do_youthinkisright_difficultiesyoumayhave.A.what;howeverB.that;whateverC.whatever;whoeverD.what;whatever6.Theworkersconsidereditimportant_thebosswouldagreetogivethemarise.A.whetherB.howC.whereD.which56课堂教育7. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would v
49、isit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether8. Difficulty lies _ we have no money. A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that10. I dont think the question _ they are old or young is important. A. which B. whether C. how D. why57课堂教育13. The news _ Lincoln was murdered
50、 filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow. A. which B. when C. that D. how 14. _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter15. I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car. A. which B. what C. when D. that 58课堂教育16. She received th
51、e message _ he would come by plane. A. that B. which C. what D. when17. Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that18.Our city has changed a lot ,and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago. A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C.which it used to be D. wha
52、t was it59课堂教育19.Weallknowthetruth_thereareair,waterandsunlight,therearelivingthings.A.whereverB.whereC.thatD.thatwherever20.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin_,but_.A.howyouget;thatyougiveB.whichyouget;whatyougiveC.whatyouget;whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget;whatdoyougive21._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It60课堂教育
