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1、动词动词谓语动词谓语动词时态、语态时态、语态虚拟语气虚拟语气非谓语动非谓语动词词不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词动词 语态语态时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p一般过去时一般过去时vedwas/were+Vp.p一般将来时一般将来时will+v.willbe+Vp.p过去将来时过去将来时would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p过去完成时过去完成时had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p现在完成时现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p将来完成时将来完成时willhave+Vp.p
2、willhavebeen+Vp.p现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。成进行、过去将来等。2 2、时间、条件、让步等、时间、条件、让步等状语
3、从句中动词的时态状语从句中动词的时态； 主从句时态主从句时态呼应问题。呼应问题。3 3、几种时态的替代问题几种时态的替代问题. .最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在every,sometimes,at,onSunday现在进行现在进行now,现在完成现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般过去一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow
4、过去进行过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlasteveningwhen,while过去完成过去完成before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来一般将来next,tomorrow,in过去将来过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作的动作1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法1 1） 经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作1. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent ha
5、d time to play since the new year.A .will play B. have played C. played D. play2.-_my glasses ? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. would you see D. Have you seen 3.We will see to it that every child in the nation _ good education ,especially those in the poor
6、countryside.A. get B. will get C. gets D .would get1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法2 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。 Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty. In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. serves C. is se
7、rved D. served-The girl _ weight recently. -Yes , she _ too much.A.has gained ,is eating B. gains ,eats B. C. is gaining, ate D. is gaining ,eats1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法 3 3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等语是物：车，船，飞机等 The train leave
8、s at three this afternoon. 4 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。在时代替一般将来时。 If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside. -Put these glasses away before they _. -OK. Ill put them in the cupboard. A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken Ive brought
9、my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have -Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green? -You can when you _ a bit more skilled. A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get 2 2 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 1 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。）表示过
10、去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯） -Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. _ that? A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C.
11、Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? -Yes , but she _soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave2 2 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 2 2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别： 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的
12、动作。I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我今天上午我写写了了一封信。（信已写完）一封信。（信已写完） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上今天上午我午我在写在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）一封信。（正在写，不一定写完） 1.-Has Tommy finished his job yet? -I have no idea of it ; he _ it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did2.As she _ the news
13、paper, Granny _asleep. A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell3.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown4.-Im sorry , I shouldnt have been so rude to you. -You _ yo
14、ur temper but thats OK. A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing. 3. 一般将来时1 .1 .一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。定要发生的事情。2 .2 .表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式will /shall +will /shall +动词原形动词原形be going to do be going to do be about to do(be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么) )be to do be to do
15、be going to be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。然性。 -The telephone is ringing.-The telephone is ringing. -I _ answer it. -I _ answer it.A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about toabout to -Alice, why di
16、dnt you come yesterday? -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did did be going to be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而而will will 不能表示不能表示 Look at
17、 the clouds! Its going to rain.Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.3. be to3. be to和和be going to be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。生的动作。 be to do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时性，有时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事. .be going to be goin
18、g to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.afternoon.4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”， 表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与常
19、与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连就在这时，是并列连词词 构成句型：构成句型： be about to do when. be about to do when. I I was about to was about to leave leave when when it rained. it rained. 特别注意特别注意（1 1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leav
20、es tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow, tomorrow, 但但没有没有will ,be going to )will ,be going to )（2 2）某些瞬间动词某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave “go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。示将要发生的动作。 Ive won a holiday for two to Floria. I Ive won a holiday for tw
21、o to Floria. I _my mum._my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been D. will have been 4. 现在进行时 1 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定，但说话时不一定正在进行。正在进行。I dont really work here. Im I dont really work here.
22、 Im helping until the new secretary comes.helping until the new secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. technology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed A. w
23、ill have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change C. is changing D. will change -Ann works very hard. -Ann works very hard. -In fact. I think she _ just -In fact. I think she _ just now.now.A. studied B. is studying C. studies A. studied B. is studying C. studies D. will stud D. will stu
24、d Please call again. Jim _ a Please call again. Jim _ a bath just now.bath just now. A. has had B. was having C. A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has is having D. has My money _. I must go to the My money _. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out bank to draw some of my savings
25、 out of before Ive none in hand.of before Ive none in hand.A. has run out B. is running out C. A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run has been run out D. is being run out out I can guess you were in a hurry. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out
26、.You _ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. are A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearingwearing D. were wearing特殊用性：特殊用性： 现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drivedrive，taketake等。
27、等。 We Were moving re moving to the new building to the new building next week.next week. 现在进行时与现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, always, continually , constantly, never never 等连用，表示等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。 You You are always forgettingare always forgetting the important things. the importan
28、t things. 1.You _things about . Look, what a 1.You _things about . Look, what a mess in you room!mess in you room!A. always throw B. have always thrown A. always throw B. have always thrown C. are always throwing D. C. are always throwing D. have always been thrownhave always been thrown2.You _ tele
29、vision. Why not do 2.You _ television. Why not do something more active?something more active? A. always watch B. are always A. always watch B. are always watchingwatching C. have always watched D. have C. have always watched D. have always been watchingalways been watching3 3有些词不用于进行时态：表示有些词不用于进行时态
30、：表示“存在、所存在、所有、知觉、认识，情感有、知觉、认识，情感”等状态等状态存在存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , containconsist of , contain所有所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , have ,belong to , possess, own , hold hold 知觉知觉： sound( sound(听起来听起来) )， look /seem look /seem /appear (/appear (看起来看起来) )，
31、( (看起来看起来), ), smellsmell（闻起来）（闻起来）, taste, taste（尝起来）（尝起来）,feel ,feel ( (摸起来摸起来) ) ， see , hear , see , hear , 认识认识： understand, know, suppose, understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, remember, admit, forget, believe, thinkthink情感情感：like, love, hate , prefer, like, love, hate ,
32、 prefer, 5.过去进行时 1 1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。 1.-Hey ,look where you are going? 1.-Hey ,look where you are going? -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing C. I have
33、nt noticing D. I was nt C. I havent noticing D. I was nt noticingnoticing 2.-Hey ,what did I say? 2.-Hey ,what did I say? -I _. -I _. A. Im not listening B. I was not A. Im not listening B. I was not listening C. I dont listened D. I listening C. I dont listened D. I didnt listendidnt listen2 2 表示表示
34、 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。也可以不一定完成。-Why didnt you join us last night?-Why didnt you join us last night? -I _ the live programs on the war between -I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.Iraq and the States. A. watched B. was watching C. had watch
35、ed A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been watchingD. have been watching-Why werent you at the meeting?-Why werent you at the meeting? -I _ for a long distance call from my father -I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia.in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting C. had w
36、aited D. A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have beenhave been Good heavens ! There you are ! We _ anxious about Good heavens ! There you are ! We _ anxious about you . We _ you back much earlier all through the you . We _ you back much earlier all through the night.night. A. are , expect B.
37、were, had A. are , expect B. were, had expected expected C. will be , are expecting D. have been , were C. will be , are expecting D. have been , were expectingexpecting -You look tired. -You look tired. -Yes. I non stop _ until twelve oclock. -Yes. I non stop _ until twelve oclock. A. am working B.
38、 was working C. has worked D. had A. am working B. was working C. has worked D. had workedworked3 3 在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time, then at that time, then , this time yesterday / last , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last nightweek, at 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。I
39、 first met Lisa three years ago . I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the She _ at a radio shop at the time.time.A.A.has worked B. was working has worked B. was working B.B.C. had been working D. had C. had been working D. had workedworked特别注意：特别注意：与与alwaysalways连用，表示感情色彩。连用，
40、表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his My brother was always losing his key.key.1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are youthinkingabout?Dontyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkitssmart.A.wasntmakingB.dontmakeC.wontmakeD.didntmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychi
41、ldhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity_sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He_quitewell,buthehasnthadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe_bynow.A.hasntturnedupB.doesntturnupC.wontturnupD.hadntturnedu
42、p5.Imterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_thewrongbus.A.catchB.hadcaughtC.caughtD.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalkB.hadbeenwalkingC.walkedD.waswalking8.IreallydontthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_.A.isB.doesC.willbeD.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmade
43、byourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey_.A.wereplayingB.weretoplayC.hadplayedD.played10.Kateisinhospital.Oh,really?I_._visither.A.didntknow;IllgoandB.dontknow;IllgoandC.dontknow;ImgoingtoD.didntknow;Imgoingto11.Where_theguidebook?Icantseeitanywhere.I_
44、itrighthere,butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.hadyouput;haveputC.haveyouput;putD.wereyouputting;put14.Doyouliveinthiscity?No,we_itforholidays.A.justvisitB.justvisitedC.arejustvisitingD.havevisited15.Howistheoldmannow?Sorry,he_thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim.A.wasdeadB.haddiedC.hasbeendeadD.died1
45、6.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures_.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken17.Imafraiditwillbetwomonths_.A.whenIcomebackB.whenIllcomebackC.beforeIcomebackD.beforeIllcomeback18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look forsomethinghe_intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleftB.werew
46、orking;hadleftC.working;hadleftD.hadworked;left19.Thenotice_“Nosmoking”.A.istoldB.readsC.tellsD.isread6. 现在完成时1 1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，响或结果， 有时没有时间状语，有时有时有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。间状语。They have cleaned the classroom.(They They have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned the classroom and the
47、cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.)classroom is clean now.)2 2 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。继续下去的动作状态。He hasnt given me any more trouble He hasnt given me any more trouble since then.since then.-When did he go to America?-When did he go to America? -Oh, he _ there
48、 since half a year ago. -Oh, he _ there since half a year ago. A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was A. went B. has been C. has gone D. wasShelly _ California for Texas and _ there Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your ever since. You can go an
49、d pay her a visit on your way to Mexico.way to Mexico. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , workedleft, has worked D. has left , workedCollecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly Collecting stamps as a hobby _ increasing
50、ly popular during the past fifty years.popular during the past fifty years.A. becomes B. became C. has become D. had becomeA. becomes B. became C. has become D. had become -How are you today? -How are you today? -Oh , I _ as ill as I do now for a very -Oh , I _ as ill as I do now for a very long tim
51、e.long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent feltdont feel D. havent felt Rober _ me his address the other day, but Im Rober _ me his address the other day, but Im afraid I _ it .afraid I _ it . A. had given, lost B. has given , have lost C. A.
52、 had given, lost B. has given , have lost C. gave, have lost D. gives, lost gave, have lost D. gives, lost 7.过去完成时 1 1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。请记住：请记住：by the end of +by the end of +过去时间过去时间be the time +be the time +从句（用一般过去时）引导的从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时）句子或主句用过去完成时
53、）The film had already begun The film had already begun when I got when I got therethere. .They had left They had left before I returned.before I returned. We had finished the work We had finished the work by last monthby last month( by the time he came.)( by the time he came.)2 2 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去
54、另一个时间的动表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。作或状态。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.finally came.3 3 用于用于hardly when ;no sooner than hardly when ;no sooner than （一（一.就就）等句子中。等句子中。Hardly had we arrived when she started comp
55、laining.Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.4 hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want 4 hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。图。I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this I had hoped to be able to
56、take my seat in all this noise without being found.noise without being found. 我本希望能乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际我本希望能乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现）上未实现）5 5 It is the first time + It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完从句（从句用现在完成时）；成时）； It was the first time + It was the first time +从句（用过去完成从句（用过去完成时）。时）。 It It is is th
57、e first time that Ithe first time that Iveve been been here.here. It It waswas the first time that he the first time that he had had ever ever spoken to me in such a tune.spoken to me in such a tune.6 6 用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。If I If I had known had known your telephone number your teleph
58、one number yesterday, I would have telephoned youyesterday, I would have telephoned you .1.Theoldman_twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon_tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned3.I_myson_adoctor,buthewas
59、ntgoodenoughatscience.A.hoped;wouldbecomeB.hadhoped;wouldbecomeC.hadhoped;willbecomeD.hope;willbecome4.I_totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasntabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped5.Helen_herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadlef
60、t;wouldcome8.现在完成进行时构成：构成：have /has been doinghave /has been doing表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。可能将持续下去。 -Isnt it hard to drive downtown -Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?to work? -Yes, that why I _ to work -Yes, that why I _ to work by train. by train. A. have been going B. ha
61、ve gone A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone C. was going D. will have gone 9.9.将来完成时将来完成时： will / shall +have done will / shall +have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，来时间的状语连用，如：如： by the end of+ by the end of+将来时间的短语将来时间的短语, , by the time + by the t
62、ime +从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时 We will have finished the work by the time We will have finished the work by the time he comes back.he comes back.10.10.一般将来进行时一般将来进行时； will be dong / shall be will be dong / shall be doing doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作
63、 What will you be doing this time tomorrow?What will you be doing this time tomorrow?1.By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A. have found B. will be found C. will have found D. are finding 2.The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A. must have laste
64、d B. will have lastedC. would last D. has lasted 1.Hestepped intothe office,_down and began to fillintheforms.A.sittingB.tositC.satD.havingit2.Shesaidshewouldtelephonebutwe_fromhersofar.A.haventheardB.didnthearC.hadntheardD.wonthear3.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm_fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.ha
65、dbeenonD.was4.IllgowithyouassoonasI_myhomework.A.willfinishB.finishC.amfinishingD.finished5.Ifit_tomorrow,Iwontgotothecinema.A.willrainB.rainsC.israiningD.rained6.Sheisgoingtobeanursewhenshe_up.A.isgoingtogrowB.growsC.growingD.grew7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？，下列哪一句不对？A.Ihavehadthisbookfor
66、threemonths.B.Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths.C.Iboughtthisbookthreemonthsago.D.ItisthreemonthssinceIboughtthisbook.8.Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.Oh,howniceofyou!I_you_tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didntthink;weregoingD.hadtthought;weregoing9.WhenIwasatcoll
67、egeI_threeforeignlanguages,butI_allexceptforafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten10.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_andalotofthings_.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto
68、;stolen11.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining12.Mary_adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes13.Thestudents_busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_intheoffice.A.hadwritten;leftB.werewriting;hasleftC.hadwritten;hadleftD.werewriting;hadleft14.Have
69、youmovedintothenewhouse?Noyet,therooms_,A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting15.WehaventheardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened16.Doyouknowourtownatall?No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming17.
70、Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.Yes,Ataxi_atallnecessary.A.wasntB.hadntbeenC.wouldntbeD.wontbe18.If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to beheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto19.Tom_intothehou
71、sewhennoone_.A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslippping;looked20.ThelasttimeI_Janeshe_cottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickingC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking几种时态的替代问题几种时态的替代问题A：一般现在时代替将来时：一般现在时代替将来时：除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将
72、来时。如：Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)B：一般现在时代替完成时：一般现在时代替完成时：句型“Itissince”代替“Ithasbeensince”Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmetC：一般现在时代替进行时：一般现在时代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如：Look,herecomesMr.Li.祈使句中的动词问题祈使句中的动词问题高考题点击：高考题点击：1._itwithmeandIllseewhatIcando.(98N)A.WhenleftB.Leaving
73、C.IfyouleaveD.Leave2._someofthisjuice-perhapsyoulllikeit.(2000北京春季)A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havetried3._atthedoorbeforeentering,please.(01北京春季)A.knocked B.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock4._bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.(2001上海)A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.TogiveDBDB1、现在时态、现在时态高考题点击：高考题点击：1.Monthsagowesailedt
74、enthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which_thePacific,andwemetnostorms.（05辽宁卷）AwascalledBiscalledChadbeencalledDhasbeencalled2.I_ping-pongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.(2001N)A.willplay B.haveplayedC.playedD.playBD说明说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平被称为太平洋洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。是客观现状
75、，只能用一般现在时。说明说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。3.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.（05湖南卷）A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning4.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausete
76、chnology_sorapidly.(2001N)A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange说明说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的使用这笔钱。此处的arephoning表示表示“不停的打电话不停的打电话”。说明说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展，飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、
77、赞赏、愤怒、斥责感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。等。DA5._mysisterthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy.（05北京春季）A.IdphonedB.IvebeenphoningC.IvephonedD.Iwasphoning6.-YouhaventbeentoBeijing,haveyou?-_.HowIwishtogothere!(98N)A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,IhaventC.No,IhaveD.No,Ihavent说明说明：此题的干扰源是后面的此题的干扰源是后面的wasbusy。今天打了三次电。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能
78、用现在完成时；而每次她都占话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。说明说明：从补充的句子从补充的句子“HowIwishtogothere!”可知可知“我我”没没到过北京。到过北京。CD7.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.(98N)A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted8.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool,buts
79、hehasntdecidedyet.（04北京）AhadconsideredBhasbeenconsideringCconsideredDisgoingtoconsider说明说明：这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完，现在完成进行时表示成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中且还在进行当中。强调的是强调的是“一直在做一直在做”。CB说明：说明：她她“一直在考虑返校一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，是现在完成进行时，“还没作还没作决定决定”是现在的结果。是现在的结果。用于现在完成时的句型用
80、于现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime.that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.注意比较注意比较Itstimethat结构：结构：Itishightimethatwewenttoschool.2）Thisisthethat结构，that从句要用现在完成时.ThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ivehear
81、dhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题典型例题(1)-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming(2)-Haveyou_beentoourtownbefore?-No,itsthefirsttimeI_here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome注意注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterfora
82、month.（对）Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.BD2、过去时、过去时高考题点击：高考题点击：1.-Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe_!(98N)A.promises B.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised2.Myuncle_untilhewasforty-five.(2000上海)A.marriedB.didntmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry说明说明：Nancy答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。说明说明：until用在肯定句中时
83、，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到until后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中marry是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。BB3.-Youhaventsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?(N2002)-ImsorryI_anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkitsprettyonyou.A.wasntsayingB.dontsayC.wontsayD.didntsay说明说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，
84、所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。D4.Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.(95N)A.readwasfallingB.wasreadingfellC.wasreadingwasfallingD.readfell5.Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe_,withoutundressing.（05安徽卷）A.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.hadlied说明说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行
85、时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。说明说明：该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。“躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“lay;lain”。lay是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为laid；lied是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。BB6.Thelittlegirl_herheartoutbecauseshe_hertoybearandbelievedshewasntevergoingtofindit.(02北京)A.hadcried,lostB.cried,hadlostC.hascried,haslostD.cries,haslost7.Hu
86、rryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.(05江西卷)AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgone说明说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。说明说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。BD3、将来时、将来时高考题点击：高考题点击：1.Ifaman_succeed,hemustworkashardashecan.(95上海)A.willB.istoC
87、.isgoingtoD.should2.-Youveleftthelighton.-Oh,soIhave._andturnitoff.(2000N)A.IllgoB.IvegoneC.IgoD.Imgoing说明说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而beto结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。说明说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。BA3.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_forLondontoattendameeting.(05天津卷)A.willlea
88、veB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left4.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_officesoon.(93N)A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleft说明说明：that引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“weresurprised”之后，故需用过去将来时。CB说明说明：bythetime表示“到为止”“在之前”，如果主句的动作发生在过去，一般需要用过去完成时；如果是将来，就需用将来完成时。4、状语从句中的时态问题、状语从句中的时态问题高考题点击：高考题点击：1.-CanIjointhecl
89、ub,Dad?-Youcanwhenyou_abitolder.(94N)A.getB.willgetC.aregetting D.willhavegot2.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_.(2001上海)A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive说明说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。说明说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但beto结构不属于将来时态形式。AB3.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeight
90、yearsbythetimehe_fromtheuniversitynextyear.(2002上海)A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate4.It_longbeforewe_theresultoftheexperiment.(2002上海春季)A.willnotbe,willknowB.is,willknowC.willnotbe,knowD.is,know说明说明：bythetime引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但beto结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。说明说明：before引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。CC
