全大学英语综合教程第一册第二版课件Unit

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1、全大学英语综合教程第一册第二版课件UnitB R _ mainEnglish Song Beautiful BoySpaghettiThe American Educational SystemB R _ English Song English Song Beautiful BoyJohn LennonBeautiful BoyQuestions about the Song and the Texts1. A Brief Introduction to John Lennon2. Questions about John Lennon3. Chronology of John Lennon

2、B R _ SpaghettiSpaghettiDefinition Listen and PracticedelThe American Educational SystemThe U.S. Grade School SystemB R _ Brief Introduction to John Lennon 1 John Lennon (19401980) was an English rock musician and cofounder of The Beatles, the most lauded and influential rock group of all time.A Bri

3、ef Introduction to John LennonA Brief Introduction to John LennonB R _ Brief Introduction to John Lennon 2B R _ Questions about John LennonQuestions about John LennonQuestions about John Lennon1. Who was John Lennon?2. Which country was he from?3. What was his profession?4. Do you know any songs by

4、him?5. Can you tell us anything about Lennon?October 9, 1940Born John Winston Lennon, in , England. September 1957Enrolled at Liverpool College of Art.August 23, 1962Married college girlfriend (divorced 1968). February 19, 1963Please Please Me reached Number One in the U.K. charts.February 12, 1964

5、started their first U.S. tour. B R _ Chronology of John Lennon1Chronology of John LennonChronology of John Lennon Liverpool Cynthia PowellThe Beatles June 15, 1965The Beatles received (Member of the Order of the British Empire) from Queen Elizabeth II.March 14, 1969Married . November 25, 1969Lennon

6、returned his MBE in peace protest.December 8, 1980 Shot dead outside his apartment in the Dakota building in New York City. The killer was a crazed fan, , who had recently obtained Lennons autograph( (亲笔签名亲笔签名) ). B R _ Chronology of John Lennon2 MBEsYoko Ono ChapmanMarkB R _ Liverpool _ picLiverpoo

7、l B R _ Cynthia Powell _ picCynthia PowellB R _ The Beatles _ picThe BeatlesB R _ MBE _ picMBEB R _ Yoko _ picYokoB R _ Mark Chapman _ picMark ChapmanB R _ Beautiful Boy _ picBeautiful BoyBeautiful BoyB R _ Questions about the Song and the TextsQuestions about the Song and the TextsQuestions about t

8、he Song and the Texts1. In your opinion, what is the song Beautiful Boy going to tell us?2. What does Lennon think of growing up? Is it easy or full of adventures?3. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are going to be about?B R _ DefinitionDefinitionDefinition Spaghetti is the Italian-style th

9、in noodle, cooked by boiling and served with sauce. Unlike some Chinese noodles, it is not served in soup and will never taste pulpy ( (软乎乎、没有嚼劲的软乎乎、没有嚼劲的) ).B R _ Listen and PracticeListen and PracticeListen and Practice Read the words given below and then listen to the passage. After listening to

10、the passage, one student is required to come up and show the right way of eating spaghetti before the class.poke 戳戳scoop 挖挖prong 尖头尖头remainder 剩余物剩余物 twirl 快速转动快速转动B R _ The Right Way of Eating Spaghetti 1The Right Way of Eating SpaghettiThe Right Way of Eating Spaghetti1. Hold the fork in your hand

11、 as if to poke the spaghetti.2. Scoop up a small amount of spaghetti on your fork and raise it about 30cm above your plate.3. Make sure the spaghetti on your fork is completely disconnected from the remainder on your plate.4. Put the prongs of the fork at an edge of the plate that is free of food.5.

12、 Quickly point the prongs of the fork straight down toward the plate and place the points on the plate.6. Twirl the fork to gather the spaghetti around the prongs.B R _ The Right Way of Eating Spaghetti 27. With a quick scooping movement, gather up the roll around the prongs and place it in your mou

13、th.8. Gently gather up any stray spaghetti ends that dont make it all the way into your mouth.B R _ The U.S. Grade School SystemThe American Educational SystemThe American Educational System In the United States, education is the responsibility of individual states, not of the federal government, so

14、 requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization: kindergarten: under 5 years oldjunior high / middle school (grades 78): 1213 years oldelementary / primary school (grades 16): 611 years oldsenior / high school (grades 912): 1417 years oldcollege, institute, academ

15、y ( (学院学院), ), universityB R _ Grade School System _ picB R _ Grade School System _ picB R _ Grade School System _ picB R _ Grade School System _ picB R _ Grade School System _ picG R _ mainScanningPart Division of the TextFurther UnderstandingG R _ Further UnderstandingFor Part 1 True or FalseFor P

16、art 2 Multiple Choice For Part 3 Questions and AnswersFurther UnderstandingG R _ Scanning1ScanningScanningScan Text A and find out all the time words, phrases and clauses.since my childhood in Belleville (Para. 1)until my third year in high school (Para. 1)until then (Para. 1) when our class was ass

17、igned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English (Para. 2)late in the year (Para. 3)until the night before the essay was due (Para. 3)when I finished (Para. 6)next morning (Para. 6) two days passed (Para. 6)when I saw him lift my paper from his desk . (Para. 6) when Mr. Fleagle finished (Para. 9)G R _ Sc

18、anning2G R _ Part Division of the Text 1 Part Division of the Text Part Division of the TextPartsPartsPara(s)Para(s)Main IdeasMain Ideas112 235 Baker was bored by everything associated with English courses, including his new English teacher.Baker found himself attracted by one particular topic and w

19、rote about it for his own enjoyment.G R _ Part Division of the Text 2PartsPartsPara(s)Para(s)Main IdeasMain Ideas369The experience of writing the essay helped Baker discover his talent for writing and realize what he wished to do in life.G R _ True or False 1 True or False True or False1. Baker had

20、never thought of becoming a writer until he was in the eleventh grade.F FAs a child in Belleville, he had thought of becoming a writer from time to time.( )2. Teachers found it painful to read students long and lifeless essays.T T( )G R _ True or False 23. Before Mr. Fleagle became the English teach

21、er for Bakers class, the English course had been interesting. F FFrom the words “another cheerless year” we can see the English course had been quite boring.( )4. In Bakers opinion, Mr. Fleagle was really a formal, rigid and out-of-date teacher only because of Fleagles manner of speaking. F FBesides

22、 the manner of speaking, Fleagles appearance and dress also showed that he was a dull and rigid teacher.( )G R _ Multiple Choice11. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagles English course was _.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.A. interestingB. dullC. hopefulD. attractiveMultiple ChoiceMul

23、tiple ChoiceG R _ Multiple Choice1A1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagles English course was _.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.Multiple ChoiceMultiple ChoiceA AA. interestingB. dullC. hopefulD. attractiveG R _ Multiple Choice1B1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagles English course w

24、as _.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.Multiple ChoiceMultiple ChoiceA. interestingB. dullC. hopefulD. attractiveB BG R _ Multiple Choice1C1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagles English course was _.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.Multiple ChoiceMultiple ChoiceA. inter

25、estingB. dullC. hopefulD. attractiveC CG R _ Multiple Choice1D1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagles English course was _.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.Multiple ChoiceMultiple ChoiceA. interestingB. dullC. hopefulD. attractiveD DG R _ Multiple Choice22. In Bakers opinion, the titl

26、e of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _.A. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficultD. foolish and dullG R _ Multiple Choice2A2. In Bakers opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _.A AA. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficultD. foolish and dullG R _ Multiple Cho

27、ice2B2. In Bakers opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _.B BA. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficultD. foolish and dullG R _ Multiple Choice2C2. In Bakers opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _.C CA. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficul

28、tD. foolish and dullG R _ Multiple Choice2D2. In Bakers opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _.D DA. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficultD. foolish and dullG R _ Multiple Choice33. Baker liked to write a composition with the title “The Art of Eating Spaghetti” becaus

29、e _.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten spaghetti beforeB. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that eveningG R _ Multiple Choice3A3. Baker liked to write a composition with the title “The Art of Eating S

30、paghetti” because _.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten spaghetti beforeB. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that eveningA AG R _ Multiple Choice3B3. Baker liked to write a composition with the title “

31、The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because _.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten spaghetti beforeB. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that eveningB BG R _ Multiple Choice3C3. Baker liked to write a compositi

32、on with the title “The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because _.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten spaghetti beforeB. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that eveningC CG R _ Multiple Choice3D3. Baker liked t

33、o write a composition with the title “The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because _.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten spaghetti beforeB. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that eveningD DG R _ Multiple Choic

34、e44. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _ A. Youll not write a good composition until you like the topic.B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his teacher would like it.C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Bakers compositions before.D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.G R _ Multiple Choic

35、e4A4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _ A. You wont write a good composition until you like the topic.B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his teacher would like it.C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Bakers compositions before.D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.A AG R _ Multiple Ch

36、oice4B4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _ A. You wont write a good composition until you like the topic.B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his teacher would like it.C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Bakers compositions before.D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.B BG R _ Multiple

37、 Choice4C4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _ A. You wont write a good composition until you like the topic.B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his teacher would like it.C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Bakers compositions before.D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.C CG R _ Multi

38、ple Choice4D4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _ A. You wont write a good composition until you like the topic.B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his teacher would like it.C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Bakers compositions before.D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.D DG R _ Qu

39、estions and AnswersQuestions and AnswersQuestions and Answers1.2.3.4.5.Do you think Baker would write another essay if he had enough time? Why?What was Baker prepared for when he found all the papers had been given back but his?Whose essay did Mr. Fleagle read to the class? How did the class respond

40、?Which paragraph in this part gives readers the impression that Bakers essay was very good?Why did Baker feel so delighted?D R _ Text 1Writing for MyselfWriting for Myself The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasnt until my third year in hi

41、gh school that the possibility took hold. Until then Id been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. Russell BakerD R _ Tex

42、t 2 When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness andinability to inspire. He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. To me he loo

43、ked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of spe

44、aking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.D R _ Text 3 I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. Late in the year we tackled the informal essay. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics.

45、 None was quite sosimple-minded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. T

46、he topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”D R _ Text 4 This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table Uncle Allen, my mother, UncleCharlie, Doris, U

47、ncle Hal and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allens house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the

48、 laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.D R _ Text 5 Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I

49、wanted to recapture and hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition Id learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. F

50、leagle after I had written this thing for myself.D R _ Text 6 When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper. Two days passedbefore Mr. Flea

51、gle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyones but mine. I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the classs attention.D R _ Text 7 “Now, boys,” he said. “I want to read y

52、ou an essay. This is titled, The Art of Eating Spaghetti.” And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. Whats more, the entireclass was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridi

53、cule, but with open-hearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile.D R _ Text 8 I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh gra

54、de, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, “Now that, boys, is an essay, dont you see. Its dont you see its of the very essence of the essay, dont y

55、ou see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker.”D R _ Sentence 1What can we infer from this sentence?Up to then, Baker had had no interest in things related to English courses.Until then Id been bored by everything associated with English courses.D R _ Sentence 2Paraphrase the sentence.I found it painful to wri

56、te long, boring essays as required by teachers; neither did teachers enjoy what I wrote.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.D R _ Sentence 3What can we learn from this phrase?We can know from this phrase that before M

57、r. Fleagle became Bakers English teacher, all English courses were dull.another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjectsD R _ Sentence 4What does the author really mean when he says “ I . was not disappointed”?He means that his expectation was right that Mr. Fleagles lessons were dull.I prepa

58、red for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed.D R _ Sentence 51. What can we infer from these sentences?Baker was unwilling to write his essay.2. List phrases to support your inference.did nothing until the essay was due; faced up to the unwelcome task.I took t

59、he list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.D R _ Sentence 6 Paraphrase the sentence and translate it into Chinese.1. At the sight of the title I saw an unusual se

60、ries of pictures in my minds eye.2. 这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images.D R _ Sentence 7Analyze the structure of the sentence.在这个长句中，在这个长句中，came flooding back 是谓语，其余是谓语，其余的都是主语。为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，的都是主语。为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，作者运用了割裂修饰法

61、，把谓语前移，主语中心语作者运用了割裂修饰法，把谓语前移，主语中心语的修饰成分后置，使谓语紧接主语。例如：的修饰成分后置，使谓语紧接主语。例如：A list has been drawn up of words we have learned so far.All is not gold that glitters.Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle C

62、harlie, Doris, Uncle Hal and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. D R _ Sentence 8What is the relationship between Baker and Doris? Why?Doris was Bakers sister or his female cousin. Two reasons for that: 1. Doris is a female name;2. The author mentioned “none of the adults .”, which shows that they

63、 were still children, not adults.Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. D R _ Sentence 9.11. Paraphrase this part of the sentence: I was prepared for discipline.I was ready for Mr. Fleagles order to see him soon after school for t

64、he purpose of punishing me .2. Why did Baker think he would be punished?Because to his mind this time he had violated the rules of formal composition.I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and k

65、nock for the classs attention.D R _ Sentence 9.23. Whats the function of the word “when” in the sentence?He had just drifted off to sleep when the bell rang.I was about to ask after his wife when I suddenly remembered that they were getting a divorce.More exles:The word “when” here doesnt mean “at o

66、r during the time that” ( (当当时时) ). Instead, it means “and then” ( (在那时在那时) ).D R _ Sentence 10Translate the sentence into Chinese.就在十一年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一件今就在十一年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一件今生想做的事。生想做的事。In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. D R _ word _ off and onoff

67、and on (or on and off):from time to time; now and again; irregularlyIt has been raining on and off for a week. Thats why the clothes feel d.As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on in a bedside chair.D R _ word _ take holdtake hold: become establishedThe

68、 idea of one child has taken hold in many Chinese families.老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。前戒烟。Old habits die hard. Thats why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.D R _ word _ bore 1bore: vt. make (sb.) feel tired and lose interestThe speaker went on and on, and the

69、audience grew bored by his speech.Tom Sawyer grew bored with painting the garden fence, so he thought of a way to make others paint for him.D R _ word _ bore 2 Collocation:讨厌至极的人讨厌至极的人/ /事事a crashing bore讨厌得要命的家伙讨厌得要命的家伙a frightful bore讨厌得令人无法忍受的人讨厌得令人无法忍受的人an insufferable bore极惹人厌烦的事极惹人厌烦的事an utter

70、 boreD R _ word _ associateassociate: vt. join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。I cant associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written.We often associate Egypt with pyramids.Jim wished to forget everything associated

71、 with his former life.D R _ word _ turn out 1turn out:come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc. 1)prove to be2)shut off3)produce; make4)Match the above definitions with the sentences below.A large group of protesters have turned out.The school has turned out some great scholars.Turn ou

72、t the light before you go to bed. The plan turned out a failure.D R _ word _ turn out 2come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc. 1)prove to be2)shut off3)produce; make4)Match the above definitions with the sentences below.We are to turn out 100,000,586 computers next year to meet the m

73、arket requirements.The experiment turned out to be a success. Crowds turned out for the procession.D R _ word _ anticipate 1anticipate: vt. expect (usu. followed by gerund or that-clause)The police had anticipated trouble from the soccer fans and were at the ground in large numbers.他们预测到他们预测到2012年死于

74、艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2012.该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词，该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词，不可用不定式代替。不可用不定式代替。N.B.D R _ word _ anticipate 2We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform.We anticipate hearing from you again.D R _ word _ ted

75、ioustedious: adj. boring and lasting for a long timeLaura found George to be tedious and decided not to see him anymore.The movie was so tedious that many viewers left before it was over.D R _ word _ inspireinspire: vt.fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc.Martin Luther King, Jr.s speeches insp

76、ired people to fight for equal treatment of African Americans.The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.Collocation:使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情inspire sth. in sb. (= inspire sb. with sth.)D R _ word _ rigidrigid: adj. (often disappro

77、ving) fixed in behavior; based on correct or accepted rules如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话，他女儿就不会如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话，他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。这么年轻就离家出走了。If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hot

78、test days.Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.D R _ word _ severe 1severe: adj.The widow wore a severe black dress to her husbands funeral.1) completely plain海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.2) stern; strictOnly those who

79、have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.severe 作作“ “严厉严厉” ”解时，可以用来形容人（解时，可以用来形容人（severe father 严厉的父亲），人的面貌（严厉的父亲），人的面貌（severe look 严厉严厉的神色），人的态度（的神色），人的态度（The teacher is severe with his students. 教师对学生很严厉。）。教师对学生很严厉。）。D R _ word _ severe 23) causing very great pain, difficu

80、lty, worry, etc.The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。争形势中获胜。A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.severe, stern & strictCF:D R _ word

81、 _ severe 3stern 与与 severe 相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度。容貌或态度。例如例如：a stern father 和和 a severe father 都可以用，但含义稍有不同：都可以用，但含义稍有不同：a severe father指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多；指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多；a stern father 则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多。味较多。strict 相当于汉语的相当于汉语的 “ “严格的严格的” ”，须先假定有一种客观，须先假

82、定有一种客观的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。例如：的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。例如：CF:The teacher is strict with his students.There is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.D R _ word _ tackletackle: vt. deal withThe question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it.Toshiba (

83、 (东芝东芝) ) recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of housework.D R _ word _ face up toface up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty)Yeltsin faced up to the fact that he was no longer fit for the Russian presidency and resigned on New Years Eve.既然你女儿已经

84、诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。Now that your daughter was born, youll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.D R _ word _ sequence 1sequence: n. connected line of events, ideas, etc.连续的歉收（连续的歉收（bad harvest）迫使一些非洲国家请求外国）迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助（援助（foreign aid）。）。A sequence of bad h

85、arvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid.The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence.你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。不上。D R _ word _ sequence 2sequence 是指是指“ “先后衔接的次序先后衔接的次序” ”。这种次序可以。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻辑性的，即

86、论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“ “语无伦语无伦次次” ”中的中的“ “伦次伦次” ”。例如：。例如：sequence & seriesCF:I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events. 我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。Your argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first.D R _ wor

87、d _ sequence 3series 是指是指“系列系列”、“组组”，可以有先后衔接的次，可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。例如：个完整的单位。例如：CF:Professor Li will give a series of lectures on the Middle East issue.李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。The post office has issued a series of sts commemorating the Olympic Gam

88、es.邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。D R _ word _ sequence 4Collocation：顺次，挨次顺次，挨次in sequence紧接着，一个接着一个紧接着，一个接着一个in rapid sequence按次序，有条不紊按次序，有条不紊in regular sequence事情的先后顺序事情的先后顺序the sequence of eventsD R _ word _ recall 1recall: vt. bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun / gerund,

89、or that-clause) I recognize the face but cant recall her name.I dont recall ever meeting her.She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon.D R _ word _ recall 2recall, remember & remind 这三个词都与这三个词都与“记忆记忆”有关，前两个词有时可通用。有关，前两个词有时可通用。recall“想起想起”，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其动作，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其动作包含有意识的努

90、力，因此常与包含有意识的努力，因此常与 can，could 等词连用，等词连用，强调一次的回忆。例如：强调一次的回忆。例如：CF:Try as I might, I could not recall where I had left the book.我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her.我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地方见过她。我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地方见过她。D R _ word _ recall 3remember “ “想起想起” ”，用

91、处比较广泛用处比较广泛，指事物自然在，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。例如：记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。例如：CF:I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library.我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。You must remember this phone number.你必须记住这个你必须记住这个 号码。号码。如果如果 remember 表示有意识的行动，常指表示有意识的行动，常指“ “记住记住” ”。例。例如：如：D R _ word _ recall 4remind 指指“ “使某人

92、想起使某人想起” ”，“ “提醒提醒” ”，宾语是人。，宾语是人。具体用法如下：具体用法如下：1) 接宾语；接宾语； 2) 接宾语接宾语+of+宾语；宾语；3) 接宾语接宾语+不定式；不定式；4) 接宾语接宾语+that-clause。 例如：例如：CF:1) If I forget it, please remind me. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。如果我忘了，请提醒我。2) This reminds me of last year. 这使我想起去年的事。这使我想起去年的事。D R _ word _ recall 53) Remind me to write to my Mom.提醒我给妈妈写

93、信。提醒我给妈妈写信。4) The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.看到钟我想起自己迟到了。看到钟我想起自己迟到了。D R _ word _ argument 1argument: n.Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.1) a disagreement; a quarrelThere are many arguments against smoking.2) a reason

94、 given to support or disprove sth.那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。The famous professor can always drive home an argument.D R _ word _ argument 2Collocation：加入加入/ /卷入争论卷入争论get into an argument中断一场争论中断一场争论break off an argument结束一场争论结束一场争论terminate an argument解决一场争论解决一场争论settle an argument激烈的争论激烈的争论a b

95、itter / violent / heated argument提出论点提出论点put forward / offer an argument驳倒一个论点驳倒一个论点confute an argumentD R _ word _ put downput down:write downPut down what you hear, please.管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。The housekeeper puts down the daily expenses in a little notebook.D R _ word _ violateviolate:

96、 vt. act againstA country isnt respected if it violates an international agreement.Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations.D R _ word _ compose 1compose: vt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.)The presidents speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by

97、someone else?John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son.little LennonD R _ word _ compose 2compose, consist of, comprise & constitute这组动词的一般含义为这组动词的一般含义为“ “组成组成” ”或或“ “构成构成” ”。compose 常见于被动语态，构成常见于被动语态，构成 be composed of 的的结构，表示结构，表示“由由构成构成”；在用于主动语态时；在用于主动语态时, ,一般包一般包含着含着“融合为一融合为一”的意思，而且

98、主语或者是复数名词的意思，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。例如：或者是集体名词。例如：CF:Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water.混凝土由水泥、沙、石子与水掺和而成。混凝土由水泥、沙、石子与水掺和而成。England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。D R _ word _ compose 3consist of 意为意为“ “由由 构成构成

99、” ”，强调结果是一个统一，强调结果是一个统一整体。例如：整体。例如：CF:New York City consists of five boroughs.纽约市由五个行政区组成。纽约市由五个行政区组成。comprise 可表示可表示“ “由由 构成构成” ”；也可表示；也可表示“ “构成构成” ”。例如：。例如：The committee comprises men of widely different views.这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。Fifty states comprise the United States. 美国由美国由50个州组成。

100、个州组成。D R _ word _ compose 4constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所所“ “构成构成” ”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。例如：与组成成分是一致的。例如：CF:Seven days constitutes a week.七天构成一个星期。七天构成一个星期。Have you all turned in your homework for last night?1The criminal turned herself in.D R _ word _ tu

101、rn inturn in: 1. hand in; give over2. deliver (a person or thing) to the police3. give back; returnMatch the above definitions with the sentences below.2For your final grade, each of you must turn in a 7-page paper.1You must turn in your uniform when you leave the army.3D R _ word _ command 1command

102、: 1. n. orderThe commander gave the command that all prisoners of war should be well treated. The rebellious army would not obey any command from the President.2. v. give an order (to)The captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately.船长命令船员立刻离船。船长命令船员立刻离船。D R _ word _ command 2If you comma

103、nd wisely, youll be obeyed cheerfully. 谚语谚语 指挥有方，人人乐从。指挥有方，人人乐从。He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself. 谚语谚语 不能指挥自己就不能指挥别人。不能指挥自己就不能指挥别人。像像 suggest, , demand 等动词一样等动词一样, ,跟在跟在 command后后面的面的 that 从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用“ “should+原原形动词形动词”或直接加原形动词，而不管从句中的人或直接加原形动词，而不管从句中的人称或时态。

104、例如：称或时态。例如：NB:He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.D R _ word _ command 3Collocation:get command of控制控制have a good command of能自由应用能自由应用have at ones command能充分掌握能充分掌握take command of开始担任开始担任指挥指挥under (the) command of由由指挥；在指挥；在指挥之下指挥之下D R _ word _ command 4command & ordercommand 暗含暗含“ “必须服从

105、必须服从” ”的意思，比较正式。例如的意思，比较正式。例如: :CF:The officer commanded his soldiers to open fire on the enemy.军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。order 指一般的上级指一般的上级“ “命令命令” ”下级，较普通、常用。例如：下级，较普通、常用。例如：He was ordered to write a full report on the matter. 他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。D R _ word _ whats morewhats more: in

106、 addition; more importantlyMs. Stewart manages a successful business and gives a weekly TV cooking show. Whats more, she has already published three books on gardening.How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and whats more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months!你怎么会爱上这个人。他

107、整天看电视，更有甚者，他好像你怎么会爱上这个人。他整天看电视，更有甚者，他好像几个月没刷牙了！几个月没刷牙了！D R _ word _ hold back 1hold back: 1) prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.)Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears.2) make sb. or sth. stop moving forwardThe men built banks of earth to hold

108、 back the rising flood water.3) prevent the development ofYou could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you back.D R _ word _ hold back 24) keep (sth.) secret把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何细节。把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何细节。Tell me about it dont hold anything back.D R _ word _ avoid 1avoid: vt. keep or get

109、 away from (usu. followed by noun / gerund)The little boy who had broken a neighbors window ran away to avoid punishment / being punished.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.我横穿马路以便避开他，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。我横穿马路以便避开他，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。英语中有些动词或词组后面只能跟名词或动名词，不英语中有些动

110、词或词组后面只能跟名词或动名词，不能跟不定式，如：能跟不定式，如：avoid，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，mind，miss，postpone，suggest，feel like，give up，put off 等，我们在使用中要特别注意。等，我们在使用中要特别注意。NB:D R _ word _ avoid 2avoid & escape两词均有两词均有“ “避避” ”的意思。的意思。avoid 指指“ “（有意识地）躲避（有意识地）躲避” ”不愉快的或可能发生的不愉快的或可能发生的危险或情况，而不是危险或情况，而不是“ “逃避逃避” ”实际的威胁。例如：实际的威胁。例

111、如：CF:He deliberately avoided seeing me.他故意回避我。他故意回避我。The danger can be avoided if we lay our plans carefully.如果我们计划定得周密，危险就可以避免。如果我们计划定得周密，危险就可以避免。D R _ word _ avoid 3escape 作及物动词时，表示作及物动词时，表示“逃脱逃脱”，常用于抽象、，常用于抽象、借喻的情况中。例如：借喻的情况中。例如：CF:How did he imagine that things like that could escape detection?他

112、怎么会认为像那样的事情可以不被发觉呢？他怎么会认为像那样的事情可以不被发觉呢？The name has escaped my memory.我记不得那名字了。我记不得那名字了。D R _ word _ the eleventh hourthe eleventh hour: the last moment before sth. important happensJohn turned in the report at the eleventh hour.The presidents visit was called off at the eleventh hour.那位总统的访问在最后时刻被取

113、消了。那位总统的访问在最后时刻被取消了。D R _ word _ career 1career: n. a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of ones lifeMy farmer parents have never expected me to make novel writing my career.My grandfather was a career teacher; its the only job hed ever done.我祖父教

114、了一辈子书，教书是他所干过的唯一的工作。我祖父教了一辈子书，教书是他所干过的唯一的工作。D R _ word _ career 2Collocation：carve (out) a career for oneself 闯出一番事业；谋求发迹闯出一番事业；谋求发迹in (the) full career开足马力地开足马力地，全速地全速地make a career在事业上有所成就在事业上有所成就D R _ word _ put / set the seal onput / set the seal on: make sth. definite or completeA last-minute g

115、oal set / put the seal on Tottenhams victory.The experience set the seal on their friendship.A R _ mainUseful ExpressionsSynonymsWriting PracticeSentence TranslationTalk about the PicturesProverbs and QuotationsSpot DictationB R _ SpaghettiWriting PracticeA Brief IntroductionSle LettersHomework A R

116、_ Useful Expressions 1Useful ExpressionsUseful Expressions 1. 断断续续断断续续off and on2. 对对 感到腻味感到腻味be bored by .3. 觉得觉得 枯燥难懂枯燥难懂find . dull and difficult4. 以以 而出名而出名have a reputation for .5. 据说某人据说某人 sb. be said to be .6. 拘谨刻板，落后于时代拘谨刻板，落后于时代 formal, rigid and out-of-date7. 随笔小品文随笔小品文an informal essayA R

117、 _ Useful Expressions 2lie on a sofaface up to .be seated around the supper table. reawake in my mindfor ones own joyviolate the rulesa failing grade8. 躺在沙发上躺在沙发上9. 不得不面对不得不面对 10. 围坐在晚餐桌旁围坐在晚餐桌旁11. 重现在我脑海中重现在我脑海中12. 自得其乐自得其乐13. 违反规定违反规定14. 不及格分不及格分 A R _ Useful Expressions 315. 别无选择，只好做别无选择，只好做There

118、 is no choice but to do .16. 更重要的是，而且更重要的是，而且whats more17. 专心地听专心地听listen attentively18. 乐呵呵地乐呵呵地开怀大笑开怀大笑laugh with open-hearted enjoyment19. 心花怒放心花怒放pure delight20. 最后的时刻最后的时刻at the eleventh hourA R _ Synonyms 1SynonymsSynonymsFind out the synonymous words and phrases from Text A for the words and

119、phrases below. dull (Para. 1): lifeless (Para. 1), cheerless, tedious (Para. 2)_turn out (Para. 1): write (Para. 1), put down (Para. 5), compose (Para. 6) _anticipate (Para. 2): prepare for (Para. 3)formal (Para. 2):rigid, prim, correct (Para. 2), proper, respectable (Para. 6)_A R _ Synonyms 2vivid

120、memories of sth. come flooding back to sb. (Para. 4) : sth. reawakes in sbs mind; sb. recalls sth. (Para. 4)_recapture (Para. 5) : relive (Para. 5)_pleasure (Para. 9):delight, happiness (Para. 9)_contempt (Para. 8): ridicule (Para. 8) _topic (Para. 3): title (Para. 4) _A R _ Writing Practice 1A Brie

121、f IntroductionA Brief Introduction A letter of congratulations, or congratulation letter, is used in both personal and business situations. Its primary purpose is to formally congratulate someone on an outstanding achievement. Certain types of congratulation letters are also referred to as “commenda

122、tion letters” in some situations. In order to write an effective congratulation letter, you can follow the following tips:A R _ Writing Practice 21. Write the congratulation letter as soon as possible after the fortunate event takes place.2. State in the beginning the specific occasion that has moti

123、vated you to write your letter.3. Express praise and approval of the readers accomplishments.4. Keep your congratulation letter simple and concise under one page in length.5. Be positive and dont include any negative comments or unhappy news.A R _ Writing Practice 36. 7. 8. 9. 10. Dont suggest that

124、the fortunate event should benefit the letter-writer in any way.Dont exaggerate your congratulatory words, or your letter may seem sarcastic or mocking.Edit your letter for correct structure, grammar, and punctuation.Dont forget to spell check your letter.Wait some time and proof-read your letter ag

125、ain before sending it.A R _ Writing Practice 4Hi Moon,I am very glad to hear from you that you are getting married. Congratulations on your marriage.You are so lucky. You married a handsome and intelligent man. Anyway, I wish you happiness.Sle LettersSle LettersInformalA R _ Writing Practice 5By the

126、 way, since you are getting married, how are you going to plan your wedding? Is there a wedding ceremony or a wedding party? I think it would be romantic if the ceremony is held in a church. And where are you going to spend your honeymoon? I really hope to join your wedding ceremony. Congratulations

127、 again. How lovely to hear the good news.Yours sincerely,EdwardA R _ Writing Practice 6June 25, 2009Belinda Asher620 Mayview Ave.Pineville, WV 24874Dear Belinda:On behalf of everyone here at Deerwood Resorts Ltd., IFormalA R _ Writing Practice 7would like to sincerely congratulate you on your recent

128、 graduation from Mountain State University with your M.B.A. (Marketing). I must say that I was not surprised to read of your success in the newspaper. During your first of four summers as an employee at our Lakeland Family Resort, I noted how bright and quick-minded you are for business. Combine tho

129、se attributes with your relentless work ethic and commitment to quality customer service, and it is obvious that you have a wide-open future ahead of you. A R _ Writing Practice 8I can only hope that your experience working with us contributed in some small way to your success. On behalf of the mana

130、gement and staff at Deerwood Resorts, I wish you all the best in your future career and life endeavors, whatever they may be. Yours sincerely, Bruce AtkinsonPresident and CEO A R _ Writing Practice 9HomeworkHomeworkYou are required to write a letter of congratulations based on the information below.

131、1. 2. 3. 4. XXXX是你高中的同班同学。是你高中的同班同学。获悉他（她）考上获悉他（她）考上XXXX大学，攻读大学，攻读XXXX专业，特此祝贺。专业，特此祝贺。他（她）的成绩是他（她）刻苦努力的结果，希望他他（她）的成绩是他（她）刻苦努力的结果，希望他（她）在新的环境里取得更好成绩。（她）在新的环境里取得更好成绩。再次表示祝贺。再次表示祝贺。29th July, 2009Dear Xiao Ma,I am writing to congratulate you on having been admitted to Southeast University and majoring

132、in electronic engineering.All that you have gained is the result of your hard work. I wish you would continue your efforts and gain further success in the new environment. Although we live in different cities, we still feel close to each other. Please keep in touch with me. I often recall our life i

133、nA R _ Writing Practice 10high school. In those days, we stayed, played and studied together. We enjoyed each others company so much that we have maintained our friendship till now. Besides, I have learnt a lot from you, and even today I often remember how hard you studied. You told me that you were

134、 determined to be an expert in Double E, and now you are beginning to realize your dream. Your success tells me that hard work will pay off in the end. Congratulations again.Sincerely yours,Tang JinguoA R _ Writing Practice 11A R _ Spot Dictation 1Spot DictationSpot DictationDuring the course of gro

135、wing up, many children will meet different kinds of problems. The passage youre going to listen to is about two letters between an eleven-year-old girl and an editor of a childrens magazine. When youre listening, youre required to fill in the gaps with the words or phrases you hear. Sometimes my thr

136、ee-year-old sister makes a ( (一团糟一团糟) ) in my room. When I tell her to it , she doesnt. Can you me?A R _ Spot Dictation 2A Letter from a GirlA Letter from a Girlmess_cleanup_help_A Letter from an Editor A Letter from an Editor Having a younger sibling ( (同胞同胞) ) can be a. Its great that you are look

137、ing for a peaceful . Your sister is very and may notthat she is.When little children play, they spread things everywhere. Perhaps you could out of cleaning up together. Tell her its a and youchallenge_solution_young_realize_making a mess_tend to _make a game_race_A R _ Spot Dictation 3want to see if

138、 she can faster than you can. If you help your sister now, shell probably learn to clean by herself when she is .a bit older_clean up_A R _ Sentence Translation 11. The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasnt until my third year in high scho

139、ol that the possibility took hold.从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才有了实现的可能。这一想法才有了实现的可能。Sentence TranslationSentence TranslationA R _ Sentence Translation 22. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to i

140、nspire.弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。而出名。3. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗看了一下。从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗看了一下。A R _ Sentence Translation 34. 我的目光落在我的目光落

141、在“ “吃意大利细面条的艺术吃意大利细面条的艺术” ”这个题目上。这个题目上。The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”5. 突然我就想描述那一切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但突然我就想描述那一切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想自得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而我把它写下来仅仅是想自得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。写。Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, bu

142、t I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle.A R _ Sentence Translation 46. 等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写一篇等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写一篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fle

143、agle.7. 我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh.A R _ Talk about the Pictures 1Talk about the PicturesTalk abo

144、ut the PicturesA R _ Talk about the Pictures 2A R _ Talk about the Pictures 3A R _ Talk about the Pictures 4A R _ Talk about the Pictures 5A R _ Talk about the Pictures 6A R _ Proverbs and Quotations 1Proverbs and QuotationsProverbs and Quotations1. Youth and age will never agree.少年和老头，永远不相投。少年和老头，永

145、远不相投。2. Youth is the season of hope.青春是希望的季节。青春是希望的季节。3. Youth must have its fling ( (猛冲猛冲) ). 年轻人要敢闯。年轻人要敢闯。A R _ Proverbs and Quotations 24. You have to believe in yourself. Thats the secret of success. Charles Chaplin, American actor人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。 美国演员美国演员 C. 卓别林卓别林 5. Follow yo

146、ur own course, and let people talk. Dante, Italian poet 走自己的路，让人家去说吧。走自己的路，让人家去说吧。 意大利诗人意大利诗人 但丁但丁S R _ mainCulture NotesReadingComprehension TasksB R _ SpaghettiValedictorian & ValedictionDefinitionOriginB R _ SpaghettiComprehension TasksDialogueListening and DiscussionS R _ Culture Notes 1Definiti

147、onDefinitionValedictorian: “Valedictorian” refers to the student who has received the best marks all the way through school, and usually makes a speech at the graduation ceremony. The title of class valedictorian is common in educational institutions in the United States and Canada, and its equivale

148、nt in Australia, New Zealand, and Scotland is “dux”.S R _ Culture Notes 2Valediction: Valediction is also called valedictory address. It is the closing or farewell statement delivered at a graduation ceremony. It is an oration ( (正式演说正式演说) ) at commencement exercises ( (毕业典礼毕业典礼) ) in U.S. high scho

149、ols, colleges, and universities delivered by one of the graduates.S R _ Culture Notes 2 _ videoOriginOrigin In his diary for 1759, the Reverend Edward Holyoke, president of Harvard College, noted that “Officers of the Sophisters chose Valedictorian.” Made up of suitably solemn words from Latin, “val

150、edictorian” simply means “farewell sayer.” Twenty years later, there was a record of a valedictory speech at the College of New Jersey in Princeton by one of the six graduating students. The practice spread to colleges and schools throughout the land, so that now it is customary everywhere to appoin

151、t the student with the highest academic standing as valedictorian to speak at graduation ceremony.S R _ Culture Notes 3S R _ Culture Notes 3 _ pictureS R _ Reading _ text 1The Scholarship JacketThe Scholarship Jacket The small Texas school that I attended carried out a tradition every year during th

152、e eighth grade graduation; a beautiful gold and green jacket was awarded to the class valedictorian, the student who had maintained the highest grades for eight years.Marta Salinas I was fourteen and in the eighth grade. I had been a straight A student since the first grade, and the last year I had

153、looked forward to owning the jacket. My father was a farm laborer who couldnt earn enough money to feed eight children, so when I was six I was given to my grandparents to raise. S R _ Reading _ text 2 We couldnt participate in sports at school because there were registration fees, uniform costs, an

154、d trips out of town; so there would never be a sports school jacket for us. This one, the scholarship jacket, was our only chance. One day in May, on the way from my history class to the gym, I remembered my P.E. shorts were still in the classroom. I had to walk back and get them. I was almost back

155、at the door when I heard angry voices and arguing in my classroom. I recognized the voices: Mr. Schmidt, my history teacher, and Mr. Boone, my math teacher. They seemed to be arguing about me. I couldnt believe it. S R _ Reading _ text 3 I still remember the shock that rooted me flat against the wal

156、l. “I refuse to do it! I dont care who her father is, her grades dont even begin to compare to Marthas. I wont lie or falsify records. Martha has a straight A plus average and you know it.” That was Mr. Schmidt and he sounded very angry. Mr. Boones voice sounded calm and quiet. “Look, Joanns father

157、is not only on the Board, he owns the only store in town; we could say it was a close tie and ” S R _ Reading _ text 5 The pounding in my ears drowned out the rest of the words, only a word here and there filtered through. “ Martha is Mexican resign wont do it ” To this day I dont remember how I mad

158、e it through the rest of the afternoon. I went home very sad and cried into my pillow that night so Grandmother wouldnt hear me. The next day when the principal called me into his office, I knew what it would be about. He looked uncomfortable and unhappy. S R _ Reading _ text 6 “Martha,” he said, “t

159、heres been a change in policy this year regarding the scholarship jacket. As you know, it has always been free.” He cleared his throat and continued. “This year the Board decided to charge fifteen dollars which still wont cover the complete cost of the jacket.” I stared at him in shock and a small s

160、ound of dismay escaped my throat. I hadnt expected this. “So if you are unable to pay the fifteen dollars for the jacket, it will be given to the next one in line.”S R _ Reading _ text 7 Standing with all the dignity I could muster, I said, “Ill speak to my grandfather about it, sir, and let you kno

161、w tomorrow.” I cried on the walk home from the bus stop. “Wheres Grandpa?” I asked Grandma. “I think hes out back working in the bean field.” I went outside and looked out at the fields. There he was. I walked slowly out to him, trying to think how I could best ask him for the money. I wanted that j

162、acket so much. It represented eight years of hard work and expectation. He saw me and looked up.S R _ Reading _ text 8 He waited for me to speak. I cleared my throat nervously and clasped my hands behind my back so he wouldnt see them shaking. “Grandpa, I have a big favor to ask you,” I said in Span

163、ish, the only language he knew. He still waited silently. I tried again. “Grandpa, this year the principal said the scholarship jacket is not going to be free. Its going to cost fifteen dollars and I have to take the money in tomorrow, otherwise itll be given to someone else.” The last words came ou

164、t in an eager rush. I waited, desperately hoping hed say I could have the money.S R _ Reading _ text 9 He turned to me and asked quietly, “What does a scholarship jacket mean?” I answered quickly; maybe there was a chance. “It means youve earned it by having the highest grades for eight years and th

165、ats why theyre giving it to you.” Too late I realized the significance of my words. Grandpa knew that I understood it was not a matter of money. It wasnt that. He went back to hoeing the weeds that sprang up between the delicate little bean plants. Finally he spoke again.S R _ Reading _ text 10 “The

166、n if you pay for it, Marta, its not a scholarship jacket, is it? Tell your principal I will not pay the fifteen dollars.” I walked back to the house and locked myself in the bathroom for a long time. I was angry with Grandfather even though I knew he was right, and I was angry with the Board, whoeve

167、r they were. Why did they have to change the rules just when it was my turn to win the jacket? It was a very sad and withdrawn girl who dragged into the principals office the next day.S R _ Reading _ text 11 “What did your grandfather say?” I sat very straight in my chair. “He said to tell you he wo

168、nt pay the fifteen dollars.” “Why?” he asked. “Your grandfather has the money. Doesnt he own a small bean farm?” I looked at him, forcing my eyes to stay dry. “He said if I had to pay for it, then it wouldnt be a scholarship jacket,” I said and stood up to leave. I was almost to the door when he sto

169、pped me. “Martha wait.”S R _ Reading _ text 12 I turned and looked at him, waiting. He looked at me, biting his lip, as if thinking. “Okay, damn it. Well make an exception in your case. Ill tell the Board. Youll get your jacket.” I could hardly believe it. I spoke in a trembling rush. “Oh, thank you

170、, sir!” Suddenly I felt great. I wanted to yell, jump, run the mile, do something. I ran out so I could cry in the hall where there was no one to see me. At the end of the day, Mr. Schmidt winked at me and said, “I hear youre getting a scholarship jacket this year.”S R _ Reading _ text 13 His face l

171、ooked as happy and innocent as a babys, but I knew better. Without answering I gave him a quick hug and ran to the bus. I cried on the walk home again, but this time because I was so happy. I couldnt wait to tell Grandpa and ran straight to the field. “The principal said hes making an exception for

172、me, Grandpa, and Im getting the jacket after all. Thats after I told him what you said.” Grandpa didnt say anything, he just gave me a pat on the shoulder and a smile. S R _ Reading _ word _ award: vt. give or grant (by official decision) (award sb. sth.; award sth. to sb.)She was awarded the Nobel

173、Prize for her work in medical research.The management has / have awarded all factory employees a 5% pay increase.主管部门以给每人增加百分之五工资的方式奖励所有员工。主管部门以给每人增加百分之五工资的方式奖励所有员工。S R _ Reading _ word _ maintainmaintain: vt. keep up; continue The Department maintains many close contacts with the chemical industry.

174、It is best if divorced parents can maintain friendly relations for the sake of their children.如果为了孩子们，离异的双亲能维持友好关系的话，那是如果为了孩子们，离异的双亲能维持友好关系的话，那是最理想的。最理想的。S R _ Reading _ word _ look forward tolook forward to: think about (sth.) which will happen in the future (usu. with pleasure) (used in the patter

175、n: look forward to sth. / doing sth.)My mother says shes looking forward to meeting you.我妈妈说她盼望着见你。我妈妈说她盼望着见你。Im really looking forward to our vacation.S R _ Reading _ word _ participate inparticipate in: become involved in 学生们期待他们的老师能参加毕业典礼。学生们期待他们的老师能参加毕业典礼。Id like to thank everyone who has partic

176、ipated in tonights show.The students expected their professors to participate in the graduation ceremony.S R _ Reading _ word _ sth. doesnt sth. doesnt / cant compare (with / to sth. else):这辆车根本无法与我的老车相比，那车真是漂亮极了。这辆车根本无法与我的老车相比，那车真是漂亮极了。 If sth. does not compare with / to sth. else, it is not as goo

177、d, large etc.This car just doesnt compare to my old car, which is a real beauty.The rides at the fair just cant compare with the rides at Disneyland. S R _ Reading _ word _ plusplus:这些车售价不低于一万五千美元。这些车售价不低于一万五千美元。1. adj. more than the amount or number indicatedHe works 10 hours a day plus.Those cars

178、cost $15,000 plus.租金是每周租金是每周100美元，外加煤气和电费。美元，外加煤气和电费。2. prep. added toThe jacket costs $49.95 plus tax.The rent will be $100 a week, plus (= added to the cost of) gas and electricity.S R _ Reading _ word _ here and therehere and there: in different places房子处处都需要粉刷。房子处处都需要粉刷。There were a few books he

179、re and there, but apart from that the room was quite bare.The house just needs a bit of paint here and there.At sixteen, I resigned myself to the fact that Id never be a dancer.S R _ Reading _ word _ resignresign: v. officially tell your employer that you are going to leave your jobMr. Smith resigne

180、d from the company in order to take a more challenging job.Idiom:resign oneself to sth. / doing sth.: make yourself accept sth. that is bad but cannot be changed十六岁那年，我接受了自己不能成为一名舞蹈家的现实。十六岁那年，我接受了自己不能成为一名舞蹈家的现实。John resigned himself to the long walk home.S R _ Reading _ word _ make itmake it: succee

181、d in arriving somewhere; be successful in a job or activity 很多运动员想在奥林匹克运动会上获金牌，但他们中很很多运动员想在奥林匹克运动会上获金牌，但他们中很少的人能得偿所愿。少的人能得偿所愿。 We made it to the station just as the bus was leaving.A lot of athletes want to win gold medals at the Olympic Games, but very few of them actually make it.S R _ Reading _ w

182、ord _ regardingregarding: prep. concerning警察急切地想要得到与那位妇女死亡相关的任何信息。警察急切地想要得到与那位妇女死亡相关的任何信息。The police are anxious for any information regarding the womans death.The company is being questioned regarding its employment policy.S R _ Reading _ word _ representrepresent: vt. be a sign or symbol of 六百多名运动

183、员代表中国参加了六百多名运动员代表中国参加了2008北京奥运会。北京奥运会。More than six hundred athletes represented China in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.Each class will elect two students to represent them on the School Council.S R _ Reading _ word _ expectationexpectation: n. a strong belief or hope that sth. will happen (followe

184、d by of / that-clause)肖恩（肖恩（Sean）参加竞争但不抱太大成功的希望。）参加竞争但不抱太大成功的希望。Sean entered the competition without much expectation of success.For some time Lesley lived with the expectation that she was going to win the lottery. S R _ Reading _ word _ significancesignificance: n. meaning; importance (followed by

185、 of / for / to)直到后来，我们才意识到他话里的意义。直到后来，我们才意识到他话里的意义。Only later did we realize the true significance of his remark.The discovery of the new drug is of great significance for / to people suffering from heart problems.S R _ Reading _ word _ delicatedelicate: adj.fragile; soft 太阳很容易晒坏孩子娇嫩的皮肤。太阳很容易晒坏孩子娇嫩的

186、皮肤。The sun can easily damage a childs delicate skin.Delicate plants need to be kept in a greenhouse during the winter.Each plant, without exception, contains some kind of salt.S R _ Reading _ word _ exceptionexception: n. person or thing that is left out每种植物都毫无例外地含有某种盐。每种植物都毫无例外地含有某种盐。Most of the st

187、udents did well in the exam, though there were one or two exceptions.set expressions: We all laughed, with the exception of Maggie.with the exception of sb. / sth.; without exceptionS R _ Reading _ word _ trembletremble: vi.shiver 她的下嘴唇在颤抖，眼泪涌出眼眶。她的下嘴唇在颤抖，眼泪涌出眼眶。Her bottom lip trembled and tears wel

188、led up in her eyes.Janes voice began to tremble and I thought she was going to cry.S R _ Reading _ word _ yellyell: vi. say, shout, or cry loudly 很抱歉，昨晚我对你大喊大叫。很抱歉，昨晚我对你大喊大叫。Im sorry I yelled at you last night.Kids were pushing past me down the corridor, all shouting and yelling to each other.S R _

189、Reading _ word _ innocentinnocent: adj. knowing nothing of evil or wrong; free from guilt or blame苏珊只有十三岁，非常天真无邪。苏珊只有十三岁，非常天真无邪。Susan is only thirteen years old and very innocent.She has such an innocent face that I find it hard to believe anything bad of her.S R _ Reading _ word _ patpat: n. a ligh

190、t touch with the open hand 他在狗的头上拍了一下。他在狗的头上拍了一下。He gave the dog a pat on the head.The coach gave him a pat on the shoulder.S R _ Reading _ Sentence 1The pounding in my ears drowned out the rest of the words, only a word here and there filtered through. “ Martha is Mexican resign wont do it ”Transla

191、te the sentence into Chinese.我耳朵里嗡嗡作响，听不见他们后来讲的话，只东我耳朵里嗡嗡作响，听不见他们后来讲的话，只东一点西一点渗入片言只语。一点西一点渗入片言只语。“玛莎是墨西哥人玛莎是墨西哥人 辞职辞职 不干不干”S R _ Reading _ Sentence 2Too late I realized the significance of my words. Grandpa knew that I understood it was not a matter of money. It wasnt that.Translate the sentence int

192、o Chinese.等我意识到我这番话的意思时，为时已晚。爷爷知等我意识到我这番话的意思时，为时已晚。爷爷知道我明白那不是钱的问题。不是那个问题。道我明白那不是钱的问题。不是那个问题。S R _ Reading _ Sentence 3It was a very sad and withdrawn girl who dragged into the principals office the next day.Paraphrase the sentence.She was very sad, quiet, and didnt want to talk to other people. Unwi

193、llingly she walked into the principals office the next day.S R _ Reading _ Sentence 4His face looked as happy and innocent as a babys, but I knew better.Translate the sentence into Chinese.他看上去像孩子般开心，像孩子般天真无邪，可是我他看上去像孩子般开心，像孩子般天真无邪，可是我心里比谁都明白。心里比谁都明白。S R _ Comprehension Tasks 1DialogueDialogueText B

194、 tells us a story about how a girl from a poor family gets a scholarship jacket. Now you are required to have a dialogue with one of your classmates. 1)2)3)4)something about the tradition of student award;something about the family background of the girl;the teachers argument and the girls first tal

195、k with the principal;the talk between the girl and her grandpa;The dialogue should cover the following aspects:S R _ Comprehension Tasks 25) 6)the girls second talk with the principal;what happened to the girl and her family after she got the good news.Students may also choose to do this exercise in

196、 the form of a role-play. NB:S R _ Comprehension Tasks 3In this part, you will hear two short passages about APIASF and its recipients. You are required to listen to them carefully and write down some important information. After your listening, you are asked to have a discussion based on the questi

197、ons following the passage.Listening and DiscussionListening and DiscussionS R _ Comprehension Tasks 4Passage onePassage one Based in Washington, D.C., the Asian & Pacific Islander American Scholarship Fund (APIASF) is one of the largest non-profit U.S. organizations devoted solely to providing schol

198、arships for Asian and Pacific Islander Americans (APIA). Since 2003, APIASF has provided a critical bridge to higher education for APIA students across the country by awarding more than $2.4 million in scholarships to 1,075 students.S R _ Comprehension Tasks 5Questions for discussion:1) What does AP

199、IASF stand for? 2) What is the function of it? And who can get it?3) How many students have got it since 2003?S R _ Comprehension Tasks 6Passage twoPassage two A turning point in my life was in 2002, when I came from China to the United States. Adapting to a new culture was not easy: speaking a diff

200、erent language, knowing new people, getting used to a new school system. My parents never pursued a higher education, but accomplished a lot nevertheless. They are working in low-wage jobs in Chinatown. Thanks to their sacrifices, I now have the opportunities they never had. Going to a four-year uni

201、versity at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo will give me the proper education to achieve success in life. I am planning to study either civil engineering or computer engineering, because both majors can help my community. When I walk through Chinatown, I see old buildings full of people living in small apar

202、tments less than 50 square feet. There are always traffic jams in Chinatown because the roads are so narrow. If I have this opportunity I would like to reorganize some of the buildings in Chinatown and lift the living standard of the community. I come from a low-income family, and both of my parents

203、 have a hard time paying for my college tuition. When I found out I was selected as a recipient of the APIASF Scholarship, I was very surprised. Without this scholarship my family wouldS R _ Comprehension Tasks 7have to borrow money from the government and relatives. Thank you for your confidence in

204、 me and willingness to help me. I am really honored to receive this scholarship.Qing HeSan Francisco, CAS R _ Comprehension Tasks 8S R _ Comprehension Tasks 9Questions for discussion:1)2)3)4)What can we learn from the passage about his family? Why does the author choose civil engineering or computer engineering as his major?Why was the author so happy when he got this scholarship?What may happen to the family without this scholarship?