never-give-in--never--never--never-全PPT优秀课件

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1、Unit One Text I “Never Give In, Never, Never, Never”by Winston ChurchillAn Integrated English Course Book 31Pre-reading QuestionsDo you know when and how World War II broke out? What else do you know about it? What do you know of Winston Churchill?2Listening and SpeakingListen to a passage about Win

2、ston Churchill and discuss the following question: What had Winston Churchill achieved in his lifetime as a statesman. an artist, a writer and a soldier?3For your reference Winston Churchill (1874-1965) Greatest modern British statesman: He was a direct descendant from the first Duke of Marlborough,

3、 the son of Lord Randolph Churchill. After an early career as an army officer and war correspondent he became a Conservative member of Parliament, in 1901, changing to the Liberals in 1905.4He was home secretary (内政大臣内政大臣) (1910-11), a dynamic first lord of the admiralty (海军大臣海军大臣) (1911-15), and he

4、ld various government posts (1917-22).He was Conservative chancellor of the exchequer (财政大臣财政大臣) (1924-29), but in the 1930s his unpopular demands for war preparedness kept him from power.5In World War II he was first lord of the admiralty (1939-40) and prime minister (1940-45). As such he became on

5、e of the great war leaders, leading Great Britain through World War II; his outstanding oratory maintained Britains morale, and he was one of the main shapers of Allied (同盟国同盟国的的) strategy working closely with American President Roosevelt. renowned for his courage, imagination, oratory and intellect

6、6A postwar reaction cost his party the 1945 election, but he was again prime minister later (1951- 55). In his later years, he spent much time writing history of the English-speaking people and painting. Churchill published several works, including The Second World War (1948-1953), and won the 1953

7、Nobel Prize for literature.a combination of soldier, writer, orator, artist and statesman7Text Comprehension What is Churchills purpose of making the speech?To encourage people to hold on in the stern situation.8Structural AnalysisPart I (Paragraph 1) opening remarks: Churchill summarized the great

8、events that had happened in the world with Great Britain in particular and then talked about the purpose of his visit to encourage the whole nation to fight against the Nazis.9Part II (Paragraphs 2-5) body of the speech: Churchill analyzed the world situation and how other countries looked at Britai

9、n and then called on the British people not to give in. Part III (Paragraphs 6-8) closing remarks: By changing a word in the additional verse of the school song, Churchill expressed his conviction that this nation was determined to fight for the victory of this great war.10Paragraph AnalysisOpening

10、Remarks: Paragraph 1Q: What was Churchills intention of singing some of their songs? A: At the initial stage of the Second World War, Great Britain was fighting in isolation against Nazi Fascists. Some British people doubted whether their nation could win the war with their own efforts. Churchill wa

11、nted to convey the conviction of the government to the British people through these songs and encourage them not to give in.11Language WorkParagraph 11. at your Head Masters kind invitation 受你们校长的好心邀请受你们校长的好心邀请at prep. in accord with, followingOther examples:at ones request 依照依照/应应的请求的请求E.g. We came

12、 at your mothers request.at ones disposal 听凭听凭自由处理自由处理,由由做主做主, 由由随随意支配、使用意支配、使用E.g. I put/left/placed my car at his disposal. 12at ones command 由由支配支配; 听听吩咐吩咐, 奉奉之命之命E.g. He offered me all the money at his command. It was done at the queens command. Im at your command. 我随时听候您的吩咐。我随时听候您的吩咐。at ones se

13、rvice 随时供随时供使用使用; 随时为随时为提供服提供服务务/效劳效劳E.g. My car is at your service. If you need any help, I am at your service. 随时为您服务随时为您服务/效劳；请随时吩咐效劳；请随时吩咐13at ones pleasure: as one wishes or desires 随随的意愿的意愿; 随意随意,请便请便E.g. You may go or stay at your pleasure.at ones convenience 在在方便时方便时E.g. Please do it at your

14、 convenience. Please send the goods at your earliest convenience. 从速、尽快从速、尽快142. Synonyms: disaster, calamity, catastrophe (referring to an event having fatal or ruinous results “灾难灾难”)disaster: generally implies great destruction, hardship, or loss of life； 尤指尤指“不可预测的意外事件所造成的灾难或不幸不可预测的意外事件所造成的灾难或不幸

15、” ( (e.g. natural disasters: a great flood or fire, an earthquake; a serious defeat in war; the loss of a large sum of money)adj. disastrous15calamity: emphasizes distress, grief, or the sense of lossE.g. “the heaviest calamity in English history, the breach with America” (James George Frazer). “英国历

16、史上最沉重的灾难，是和美国关系的破裂英国历史上最沉重的灾难，是和美国关系的破裂“ （詹姆斯（詹姆斯乔治乔治弗雷泽）。弗雷泽）。adj. calamitouscatastrophe: especially stresses the sense of a tragic final outcome 指指“突然而来造成极大苦难及毁灭的大灾难突然而来造成极大苦难及毁灭的大灾难”或或“异常的灾祸异常的灾祸”, 含含“最终结局无法补偿之意最终结局无法补偿之意”adj. catastrophic163. ups and downs: alternating periods of good and bad fo

17、rtune or spirits. 高低起伏高低起伏; 沉浮沉浮, 兴衰兴衰, 顺逆顺逆, 荣枯：好运和坏运荣枯：好运和坏运（或好心情和坏心情）的交替变换的时期（或好心情和坏心情）的交替变换的时期 E.g. With constant ups and downs as well as numerous turns and twists along the range of hills it sits on, Badaling looks very much like a dragon with imposing magnificence.八达岭高低起伏八达岭高低起伏,曲折绵廷曲折绵廷,宛若苍龙

18、宛若苍龙,气势磅礴。气势磅礴。 The ups and downs of pitch makes speaking Chinese sound like singing. 声调的抑扬起伏使中国人说话像唱歌。声调的抑扬起伏使中国人说话像唱歌。 17Translate:邓小平一生中经历过邓小平一生中经历过“三落三起三落三起” 。 Deng Xiaoping experienced three ups and downs in his life.我感到很幸运我感到很幸运,人生无论得意失意人生无论得意失意, 总有你相伴在身旁。总有你相伴在身旁。 I feel lucky to have you tha

19、t stay together with me through lifes ups and downs.回首过去的一百年回首过去的一百年,两国关系跌宕起伏。两国关系跌宕起伏。 The past century has seen ups and downs of the relationship between the two countries.184. the unmeasured menace of the enemy: the immense or immeasurable threat or danger of the enemy attackunmeasured adj.1) not

20、 measured2) beyond measure; without limitsE.g. the unmeasured vastness of solar system The reduced efficiency in feed utilization can produce unmeasured economic losses. 饲料利用率降低可造成了不可估量的经济损失。饲料利用率降低可造成了不可估量的经济损失。Synonyms:Synonyms: unlimited, limitless, boundless, endless, unlimited, limitless, bound

21、less, endless, measureless, immeasurable, infinite, immense, vastmeasureless, immeasurable, infinite, immense, vast195. lulln. a relatively calm interval; an interval of lessened activity 暂停，间歇，稍止暂停，间歇，稍止 E.g. alullinsales / wind / conversation Translate: 这只是暴风雨前的暂时平静。这只是暴风雨前的暂时平静。 Thisisjustthelull

22、beforethestorm. 经过两星期的间歇以后，地面战斗又突然爆发了。经过两星期的间歇以后，地面战斗又突然爆发了。 Ground fighting flared up again after a two-week lull.20v. 1) cause to sleep or restE.g. lull someone to sleep Translate: 我们花了一整夜时间才把婴儿哄睡着。我们花了一整夜时间才把婴儿哄睡着。 Ittookusallnighttolullthebabytosleep.2) make or become calm or less active 使平静，使平息

23、使平静，使平息; 消除，缓和消除，缓和 E.g. The sea lulled / was lulled. 海浪平息了海浪平息了. lull sb.s fears (suspicious) 消除某人恐惧消除某人恐惧(猜疑猜疑) Translate: 时间和空间上的远距离有一种奇妙的力量时间和空间上的远距离有一种奇妙的力量，可以使人的心灵平静。，可以使人的心灵平静。 Great distance in either time or space has wonderful power to lull the human mind. 213) deceive (into trustfulness,

24、etc.) 哄骗哄骗; 麻痹（斗志等）麻痹（斗志等）E.g. Nor will I allow yesterdays success to lull me into todays complacency, for this is the great foundation of failure. 我也不因昨日的成功而满足，因为这是失败的先兆。我也不因昨日的成功而满足，因为这是失败的先兆。Translate: 这会使他们产生一种虚假的安全感。这会使他们产生一种虚假的安全感。 This will lull them into a false sense of security.lullaby n.

25、催眠曲催眠曲, 摇篮曲摇篮曲226. turn up1) make ones appearance, arrive 露面露面, 来到来到Translate: 我们请她吃饭她都不露面我们请她吃饭她都不露面. We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn up / show up.2) be found (东西东西)被找到被找到Translate: 我担保你的手表准有一天能找到我担保你的手表准有一天能找到. Im sure your watch will turn up one of these days.3) (of an

26、opportunity, ect.) happen unexpectedly Translate: Just look carefully and be patient, and something will turn up. 只要仔细观察只要仔细观察,有耐心有耐心,你就总会有所收获。你就总会有所收获。 23Paragraph AnalysisBody of the Speech: Paragraphs 2-5In this part, Churchill concentrated on the purpose of his speech, i.e. to inspire the people

27、 all over the country, men and women, old and young, to maintain the relentless spirit of this nation and to fight for the final victory of this great war. 24Q1: What did Churchill mean by saying we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and tough? A1: By saying th

28、is he meant to make the British people fully aware that they should not only be able to fight and win short and quick battles but also be ready to fight and win hard and enduring wars. 25Q2: Why did Churchill quote Kipling as saying treat those two impostors just the same? A2: Because he tried to en

29、lighten the British people from another perspective by implying that they should treat triumphs and disasters of the war in the same way. Sometimes triumphs were just overt phenomena, which could mislead people to a wrong conception. And disasters were not as frightening as they seemed to be, and we

30、 should not feel discouraged. The massive air force of Nazi Fascists was strong in appearance, but it could be defeated sooner or later.26Q3: What lesson had they learnt in the past ten months? A3: The lesson learnt throughout the past ten months was that when facing great difficulties, one should n

31、ever give in. With the reasonable combination of imagination and courage, the British people could overcome any kind of difficulties and smash any attack of the mighty enemy.27Q4: What is the change in the widespread mood referred to in Paragraph 5? A4: Ten months ago, Hitlers air forces struck Brit

32、ain and the whole nation was thrown into disorder and unease. Many other nations thought that this nation would be conquered soon just as what had happened to France. But when they gathered in the same school ten months later, they had accumulated, in addition to better armament, sufficient strength

33、 and confidence to fight against the Nazi troops. 28Language WorkParagraphs 2-51. put through1) make pass (through); bring to a successful end 使穿过、通过使穿过、通过; 做成做成E.g. put the string through the hole in the handle of the brush put through a number of new laws / put the law through the parliament put t

34、hough a business deal 完成一桩交易完成一桩交易292) cause to undergo 使经历；使经受、遭受使经历；使经受、遭受E.g. The trainees were put through an exhausting assault course. 受训的队员参加了令人筋疲力尽的突击课程受训的队员参加了令人筋疲力尽的突击课程. Translate: 你让你全家受了不少苦你让你全家受了不少苦. You have put your family through much suffering.3) make a telephone connection for 接通电

35、话接通电话线线E.g. Please put me / this call through to 5543322, extension 201. 请给我接请给我接5543322转转201分机分机 302. throw ones mind back to: recollect, recall to mind, bring to memoryE.g. Please throw your mind back to 1945, when people all over the world were engaged in a great and cruel war against the Fascist

36、s. Translate: 他的故事使我想起另一个故事。他的故事使我想起另一个故事。 His story threw my mind back to another.31Synonyms: remember, recall, recollect(shared meaning: “to bring an image or a thought back to the mind”)remember系常用词系常用词, 指过去的事情仍在记忆中指过去的事情仍在记忆中, 不不必费劲就能想起必费劲就能想起: “记住记住, 记得记得”E.g. I cant remember his name. recall 指

37、对自己或他人的过去进行有意的回忆指对自己或他人的过去进行有意的回忆: “回回忆忆, 回想回想; 想起想起” E.g. Let me recall what he said.recollect 含义与含义与 recall 接近接近, 但较为正式但较为正式, 指指“力力图想起久已忘记或稍有点印象的事情图想起久已忘记或稍有点印象的事情”E.g. Looking at these old photos, he recollected the good old days.323. Appearances are deceptive / deceitful. Never judge from appear

38、ances. 谚谚外表不可靠外表不可靠; 不可只看表面现象。不可只看表面现象。Other useful expressions:You cannot tell from appearances that 不能凭表象判断不能凭表象判断keep up an appearance 装点门面装点门面, 装阔气装阔气 E.g. He was badly off, but he managed to keep up appearance.他虽然穷，但总算保住了体面。他虽然穷，但总算保住了体面。 They cannot even keep an appearance of unity. 他们甚至连表面团结都

39、维持不了。他们甚至连表面团结都维持不了。 334. imagination makes things out far worse: what one imagines tends to be worse than realitymake out：see or understand esp. with difficulty 勉强看出、认出；理解勉强看出、认出；理解Translate: 黑暗中我看不清他的表情。黑暗中我看不清他的表情。 In the darkness I could not make out the expression on his face. 她这个人真怪她这个人真怪! 我根本

40、无法了解她。我根本无法了解她。 What a strange person she is ! I can t make her out at all.345. address oneself to1) (fml.) make a speech to, speak toE.g. The president was addressing himself to / addressing the meeting.2) direct speech or writing to 针对针对而说；针对而说；针对而写而写, 论述论述E.g. She addressed herself to all of us.

41、她是针对大家而说的。她是针对大家而说的。3) work at; be busy with 从事于从事于; 致力于致力于E.g. Its time we addressed ourselves to the business in hand. 356. never give in except to strong convictions of honour and good sense: never give in unless we are convinced that it is honourable and sensible for us to do so. conviction n. 1

42、) very firm and strong belief 坚信；信念坚信；信念Translate: 我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源. Its my conviction that complacency is at the root of our troubles.2) finding a person guilty 判决有罪，判决有罪， 定罪定罪convict v. find guilty 宣告有罪宣告有罪E.g. The criminal was convicted of robbery.367. our account was closed: we

43、 were completely defeated by enemy troops close an account with 与与 .结清帐目、停止交易，在结清帐目、停止交易，在.关闭户头关闭户头open an account with 在在.开户头开户头 settle/balance/square ones account with 与与.结清帐目结清帐目; (跟某人跟某人)算账、将恩怨作一了断算账、将恩怨作一了断, (向某人向某人)报复报复378. liquidate1) pay off / settle (a debt, etc.) 清偿清偿; 偿还偿还 E.g. The govern

44、ment made every effort to stabilize the economy by liquidating the national debt. 政府以清偿国家债务力谋稳定经济。政府以清偿国家债务力谋稳定经济。382) arrange the end of business for (a company) by dividing up its property to pay debts 清理清理, 清算清算(公司公司, 企业的帐目企业的帐目), 停业停业E.g. Unfortunately I had to leave my position, as my employer

45、ha的的 been forced to liquidate his business due to the worldwide economic adversity. 很不幸地，我不得不离职，因为这一次世界性的很不幸地，我不得不离职，因为这一次世界性的经济不景气，使我的雇主不得不结束业务。经济不景气，使我的雇主不得不结束业务。393) put an end to; abolish; kill 结束结束, 肃清肃清, 消灭消灭E.g. Hitler tried to liquidate the Jews in Germany. 希特勒试图全部消灭德国的犹太人。希特勒试图全部消灭德国的犹太人。Tr

46、anslate：这些人很危险：这些人很危险, 得马上把他们消灭掉。得马上把他们消灭掉。 These men are dangerous; they must be liquidated immediately. 409. Britain had drawn a sponge across her slate：Britain was completely wiped out. draw a sponge across the slate: wipe out the slate with a sponge slate: （粉笔可在上面写字的）石板，木板（粉笔可在上面写字的）石板，木板pass th

47、e/a sponge over sth.: wipe out; agree to forget (an offence, etc.) 抹去抹去, 勾销勾销; 忘却忘却(嫌隙嫌隙), 不念不念(旧恶旧恶)wipe the slate clean start with a clean slate: make a new start with past errors, disagreement forgotten 改过自新；重新开始；忘却嫌隙，重归于好改过自新；重新开始；忘却嫌隙，重归于好4110. stand in the gap: 首当其冲首当其冲, 承受最厉害承受最厉害的攻击的攻击, 独当难局

48、独当难局; 挺身阻挡挺身阻挡 勇敢捍卫勇敢捍卫 E.g. At the critical moment of world economic recession, a powerful government is needed to stand in the gap.4211. flinch: move back, shrink from something unpleasant or difficult as in fear or anxiety 退缩；畏缩退缩；畏缩E.g. The sight, bloody and black, made Bigger flinch involuntari

49、ly and lift his hands to his eye. 那景象那景象-黑乎乎的，血肉模糊黑乎乎的，血肉模糊-使别格不由自主使别格不由自主地向后缩去地向后缩去 ，举起双手捂住眼睛。，举起双手捂住眼睛。43Translate： Kate并不因为快要死去而畏缩，只是不愿离开并不因为快要死去而畏缩，只是不愿离开她所爱的人。她所爱的人。 Kate did not flinch at the thought of dying. But she hated the possibility of leaving her beloved ones. 我们不应该惧怕承担生活的责任。我们不应该惧怕承担生

50、活的责任。 We shouldnt flinch from the responsibilities of life.4412. we have only to persevere to conquer: we have no choice but to hold on until victory comespersevere v. continue firmly in spite of difficulties 坚忍不拔坚忍不拔, 坚持不懈坚持不懈E.g. Talent is worthless unless you persevere in developing it.perseverin

51、g adj. E.g. He is a persevering student. 他是个有恒心的学生。他是个有恒心的学生。perseverance n. 毅力毅力45Paragraph AnalysisClosing Remarks: Paragraphs 6-8In this concluding part, Churchill reiterated his inspirations by changing a word in a verse of a traditional song.46Q: Why did Churchill replace the word darker with s

52、terner ? A: Because he had a strong conviction of victory. The word darker carries a pessimistic tone, for it indicates a period of unpleasant and frightening time and implies hopelessness in a difficult period. But the word sterner, although it has the identical referent, suggests the bright side o

53、f the situation and shows Churchills optimistic view. By changing the word, Churchill wanted to convey to the British people the message that although there were still great difficulties ahead, Great Britain would prevail in the end.47Language WorkParagraphs 6-81. in ones honor / in honor of 为向为向.表示

54、敬意表示敬意, 为纪念为纪念, 为庆祝为庆祝, 为祝贺为祝贺Translate:为大使举办了一个欢送会。为大使举办了一个欢送会。 A farewell party was held in honor of the Ambassador. 这座纪念碑是为了纪念革命烈士而树立的。这座纪念碑是为了纪念革命烈士而树立的。 The monument was built in honor of the revolutionary martyrs.482. Compare:, complimentcomplement n./ v. (something that) completes or makes pe

55、rfectE.g. This wine complements the food perfectly. / A fine wine is a perfect complement to a good pliment n. / v. (make) an expression of praise or admiration 恭维；称赞恭维；称赞E.g. They complimented the hostess on / gave the hostess a compliment on the meal she prepared. 493. venture v. 1) be bold enough

56、 to say of do sth. that may be opposed or considered foolish 冒昧地说冒昧地说, 大胆地说大胆地说; 胆敢；大胆进行胆敢；大胆进行 E.g. venture an opinion / objection / explanation 敢于表明观点、表示异议、进行辩解敢于表明观点、表示异议、进行辩解 I venture to disagree with / differ from you. I venture to say / guess that 恕我冒昧地说恕我冒昧地说 I would venture to say that in t

57、he near future the distinction between the sexes will become a historic term. 我敢说我敢说 , if I may venture to say so. ,恕我冒昧这样说恕我冒昧这样说50Translate: 我可以冒昧提个改动意见吗？我可以冒昧提个改动意见吗？ May I venture to suggest a change? 我刚试探着开口说话，立刻就遭到他的厉声驳斥。我刚试探着开口说话，立刻就遭到他的厉声驳斥。 The moment I ventured to speak, I was at once cont

58、radicted with a snap. 512) take a riskE.g. Nothing ventured, nothing gained. 谚谚不入虎穴不入虎穴, 焉得虎子。焉得虎子。 The explorers ventured forth to discover new lands. 探险家冒险去发现新地域探险家冒险去发现新地域. He ventured out into the storm in a thick coat, hat and scarf. 他身穿厚大衣，头戴帽子，系了围巾，冒着暴他身穿厚大衣，头戴帽子，系了围巾，冒着暴风雨出去了。风雨出去了。 52Rhetor

59、ical featuresChurchills outstand oratory is still well-remembered today. His evocative and stirring rhetoric, employed in many famous speeches during WWII, is seen as representing the spirit of wartime Britain.Repetition (the title, Paragraph 4)Metaphor (“draw a sponge across her slate”, “stood in t

60、he gap”, Paragraph 5)Antonyms (ups/downs, short/long, triumph/disaster, great/small, large/petty dark, days/great days )53Speech AppreciationListen to and appreciate the following speech made by Winston Churchill on May 13, 1940 Famous line from it: I have nothing to offer but Blood, Toil, Tears and

61、 Sweat. 54Video ClipWatch a video clip about Winston Churchill and prepare to do dictation exercise. Winston Churchill, Life Magazines Man of The Century, first made a name for himself as a _(1)_ soldier in the Boer War. By 1910, he made a name in _(2)_ as Britains Home Secretary. He _(3)_ many post

62、s, including first Lord of the Admiralty before _(4)_ Prime Minister in 1940.55 With Britain _(5)_ alone against Hitler, he expertly _(6)_ both Franklin Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin into an alliance that eventually _(7)_ the Nazis. Ironically, the man who led England from _(8)_ to victory was voted o

63、ut months later. Upon learning the news in the _(9)_, he replied: That is democracy. Thats what weve been fighting for. Hand me my towel. He was re-elected in 1951 and _(10)_ as Sir Winston on April 24, 1953. 56Key to Dictation (1)daring(2)politics(3)filled(4)becoming(5)standing (6)orchestrated(7)cr

64、ushed(8)despair(9)bath(10)knighted 57Text II TimeUseful words and expressions1. succession n.继任继任, 继位继位, 继承继承(权权)in succession to 继继.之后之后(担任担任), 继位继位/任任E.g. be first in succession to the throne 是王位的第一继承人是王位的第一继承人succeed v. succeed to the throne / the property / a fortune / a title 继承继承succeed sb. as

65、 继某人出任继某人出任(某职某职)succeed sb. in 继某人接掌继某人接掌(某职权某职权); 袭某人爵位袭某人爵位/官衔官衔582. take to 1) like; become fond of or attached to 喜爱喜爱; 喜欢上喜欢上或和或和变得亲近变得亲近E.g. Jean took to Paul as soon as they met.2) begin as a practice, habit, ect. 开始持续地做开始持续地做, 养成养成.的习惯的习惯, 沉迷于沉迷于, 嗜好嗜好E.g. Johns taken to drinking lately. 染上

66、了酗酒的恶习染上了酗酒的恶习593. engage v. 1) require the use of; occupy, take up (time, thought, attention, etc.) 使用使用;占用占用; 吸引吸引, 引起引起(注意注意)E.g. Work engages much of her time. Nothing engages his attention for long.2) Other collocations:be engaged by 为为.所吸引所吸引be engaged (in) 正做着正做着, 正忙着正忙着engage in 从事从事, 忙于忙于;

67、(take part in) 参加参加, 加入加入 be engaged to / engage oneself to 同同.订婚订婚604. sting v. cause to suffer keenly in the mind or feelings 精神上刺痛精神上刺痛E.g. Those harsh words stung me bitterly.5. commit v.1) 使（部队）投入战斗使（部队）投入战斗, 指派指派.作战作战 E.g. The commander has committed all his troops to the front lines. 指挥员已将其所有

68、的部队调到前线投入战斗指挥员已将其所有的部队调到前线投入战斗.612) promise (esp. oneself, ones property) to a certain cause, position, or course of action 使承担义务使承担义务; 承诺；约定承诺；约定E.g. He would not commit himself in any way.他无论如何不愿承担义务他无论如何不愿承担义务.commit oneself to the cause of revolution献身于革命事业献身于革命事业. If you want to become an actor

69、, you really have to commit yourself to it. 要是你想成为一要是你想成为一名演员名演员,就得全身心地投入。就得全身心地投入。3) 犯（错误、罪）；做（坏事、傻事犯（错误、罪）；做（坏事、傻事) commit a crime / an error / suicide626. resign v. 辞职辞职resign from (a job /a board of directors)resign ones position (as secretary)resign office 辞职辞职7. sustain v. keep in existence; m

70、aintain 继续；维持继续；维持E.g. Can we sustain our growth and development going forward? 我们能否持续发展，继续向前迈进？我们能否持续发展，继续向前迈进？sustainable development 可持续发展可持续发展63Background Information John Churchill (1650-1722) (First Duke of Marlborough) 马尔伯勒一等公爵马尔伯勒一等公爵English general and statesman during the reigns of James I

71、I, Anne, and George I. He is considered among historys greatest military commanders.64Sandhurst 英国皇家陆军军官学校所在地英国皇家陆军军官学校所在地A village of south-central England southeast of Reading. Its famed Royal Military College (now Academy) was founded in the 1790s.65Questions for discussion1.When and how did Chur

72、chill step onto the world stage?2.2. Why did Churchill hope the USA could join the war against Hitler?3.3. In what way, according to the author of this text, was Churchill a successful statesman?66Oral Activity: Celebrity BiographyI. Search for the information (to be assigned before class) Search fo

73、r information about a famous person on the Internet or elsewhere. Find out as much as you can about that person (e.g. his/her birthday, childhood, school life, family, work, love, achievements, life story, troubles, ect.) Come to the class with the information.67II. Pair Work: Interview the famous p

74、erson Work in pairs: one of you is a reporter, and the other is the famous person you learned about. The reporter is interviewing the famous person. Then reverse your roles with your partner. When all the students have finished the interviews, one or two pairs will be invited to act out their interv

75、iews for the class. 68III. Group Work: Guess who the person is Use the information you find about the celebrity you chose. Work out a short biography about him/her without mentioning the name. Then take turns introducing the person to the group. Others guess who the person is. 69KEY TO EXERCISESText

76、 comprehension (P5-6)I. Decide which of the following best states the speakers purpose. B.II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false. 1. T. Refer to the last sentence of the first paragraph. 2. T. Refer to the second paragraph. 703. F. Refer to Paragraphs 4.

77、 Imaginative people sometimes are pessimistic, as they see things far worse than they are and foresee more dangers than there will be.4. F. Refer to Paragraph 5. At the beginning of the German continual, intense air raids many nations thought that Britain was finished. But to their surprise, Britain

78、 stood the ordeal and this miracle changed the view of those nations.71III. Answer the following questions.1. Because he understands that the war is long and tough: it is not to end in months but in years. He tells the people there that however long the war lasts, the final victory belongs to Britai

79、n. But at the same time he makes it clear that not every day is an opportunity to take action: they have yet to wait and persevere.722. For one thing when Britain came under the heavy air attacks by Germany, many other nations thought that Britain was finished. As the country stood the ordeal to the

80、ir great surprise, those nations changed their view. For another, people now start to see the hope of the final victory as long as they persevere to the end, as opposed to their pessimistic mood in the past as evidenced by the term darker days in a school song and by the authors suppression of his d

81、esire to change it.733. Because the author has a strong conviction of victory. The two terms have different implications. When used in the text to refer to the days of war, darker days emphasizes the dark/negative side of the event and shows the users pessimism. Sterner days, though identical in its

82、 reference, suggests the bright side and shows the users optimism.74IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1. . Britain has been in too long a period of stillness without taking any particular action against the enemy!2. . we are sure to experience both Triumph and

83、 Disaster, and we must treat them as the same thing taking different appearances because they are essentially interchangeable.753. . never give in unless we are convinced that it is honourable and sensible for us to do so.4. Other nations thought that Britain was completely conquered.5. . we will wi

84、n as long as we hold on to the end.76Structural analysis of the text (P6)This text can be divided into three parts. Part I (Paragraph 1 ) is the opening remarks in which Churchill summarized the great events that had happened in the past ten months and the purpose of his second visit to Harrow Schoo

85、l. Part II (Paragraphs 2-5) is the body of the speech in which he analyzed the world situation and how other countries looked at Britain and then called on the British people not to give in. Part III (Paragraphs 6-8) is the closing remarks in which he told the audience that he wanted to change a wor

86、d in the additional verse of the school song and explained why he wanted to do it.77Rhetorical features of the text (P6) The following antonyms are used in the speech: ups/downs, short/long, triumph/disaster, great/small, large/petty, dark days/great days. Some of these antonyms (e. g. ups/downs) ar

87、e used to describe the terrible nature of the war, some of them (e. g. great/small, large/petty) are used to express the determination of the British people to fight on for the final victory, and some of them (e. g. dark days/great days) are used to encourage the audience not to lose hope in the fac

88、e of difficulties. 78Vocabulary exercises (P6-8)I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. encourage 2. situation, circumstances 3. threat 4. good 5. a sudden small movement because of pain or fear 6. dare to express at the risk of denial79II. Fill in the blanks with the a

89、ppropriate forms of the given words. 1. catastrophically 2. deceptive 3. convictions 4. apparently 5. perseverance 6. flinches 7. ventured 8. sterner 80III. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form. 1. put . through 2. addressed himself to 3

90、. was going through 4. Throwing our minds back to 5. yielded to 6. close an account 7. ups and downs 8. misfortunesIV. Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence. 1. current 2. shown 3. frequently 4. depressed 5. try harder 6. takes in 81Grammar exercises (P8-9)II. Improve

91、 the following sentences. 1. Skateboarding is both exciting and dangerous. 2. The school teaches shorthand, bookkeeping and the use of business machines. 3. The nurse wrote down my name, address and age. 4. The sentence is difficult to understand not because of the technical vocabulary but because o

92、f the faulty syntax. 825. Marian could not decide whether to start college fight after high school or to get a job first.6. The Allies decided to invade Italy and then to launch a massive assault on the Normandy coast.7. The actor was stunned not only by the noise of booing but also by the sight of

93、flying tomatoes.8. Smoking cigarettes can be as dangerous as playing Russian roulette. 83III. Combine the sentences in each of the following sets into a compound sentence, using parallel construction if possible.1. Heidi Ross was both rich and powerful.2. Most of the floggings and lynchings occur at

94、 harvest time, when fruit hangs heavy and ripe, when the leaves are red and gold, when nuts fall from the trees, when the earth offers its best.3. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.4. Black people in America have been neglected and underestimated for years, but their recent ac

95、complishments in a variety of fields have made black power real and black pride possible.84IV. Put the following into the negative. 1. Dont let us speak of darker days. 2. Dont miss your appointment without letting the doctor know in advance. 3. Dont use more water than necessary. 4. Dont !et the ch

96、ildren go swimming alone. 5. Dont cross the street without looking carefully. 6. Dont drive your car without a license.85V. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences. 1. It seemed that nobody knew what had happened. It seems to me

97、 that I have been neglecting my duty. 2. She seems an unusually clever girl. It seems to me a marvelous book.86Translation (P9-10)I. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets. 1. I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub but the youn

98、g man never turned up. 2. You cannot tell merely from appearance whether things will turn out unfavourable to us or not. 3. The soldier, who stood in the gap in every battle, gained the highest honors of the country. 4. The chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee yielded to his o

99、pinion.875. They are well-to-do now, but along the way they had their ups and downs. 6. There are two questions to which I will address myself in this lecture. 7. We are planning a big Christmas party in your honour. 8. Heating that tune threw my mind back to my childhood.88II. Translate the followi

100、ng passage into Chinese. 他们告诉我们，我们很弱小，无法对付如此强大的敌人。但是，他们告诉我们，我们很弱小，无法对付如此强大的敌人。但是，我们什么时候才能强我们什么时候才能强 大一些呢大一些呢?是下个星期吗是下个星期吗?是明年吗是明年吗?是是我们完全被解除武装之时吗我们完全被解除武装之时吗?犹豫不决、无所作为就能使我们犹豫不决、无所作为就能使我们积聚力量吗积聚力量吗?难道只有仰面而卧，心存幻想，直至让敌人捆住难道只有仰面而卧，心存幻想，直至让敌人捆住我们的手脚，我们才能找到有效的抵御办法吗我们的手脚，我们才能找到有效的抵御办法吗?先生们，假如先生们，假如我们适当地运用造

101、物主赋予我们的力量，我们就不弱小。我们我们适当地运用造物主赋予我们的力量，我们就不弱小。我们拥有拥有300万为争取神圣自由而武装起来的人民，我们拥有这样万为争取神圣自由而武装起来的人民，我们拥有这样的国家，这是敌人可能派遣来的任何军队都无法战胜的。战争的国家，这是敌人可能派遣来的任何军队都无法战胜的。战争的胜利不仅仅属于强者，胜利还属于警觉的人、主动的人、无的胜利不仅仅属于强者，胜利还属于警觉的人、主动的人、无畏的人。先生们，我们已别无选择。即使我们卑躬屈膝，指望畏的人。先生们，我们已别无选择。即使我们卑躬屈膝，指望从战争中脱身，也为时已晚。除了屈服，沦为奴隶，我们没有从战争中脱身，也为时已晚

102、。除了屈服，沦为奴隶，我们没有退路退路!战争已迫在眉睫战争已迫在眉睫让它到来吧让它到来吧!先生们，请允许我重复先生们，请允许我重复一遍：让它到来吧一遍：让它到来吧!89Exercises for integrated skills (P10-11)I. Dictation All through these dark winter months/ the enemy have had the power/ to drop three or four tons of bombs upon us/ for each ton we could send to Germany in return./

103、We are arranging/ so that presently this will be rather the other way around,/ but meanwhile/ London and our big cities have had to stand their pounding./ They remind me of the British squares at Waterloo./ They are not squares of soldiers,/ they do not wear scarlet coats;/ they are just ordinary En

104、glish, Scottish and Welsh folk,/ men, women and children,/ standing steadfastly together./ But their spirit is the same,/ their glory is the same/and, in the end,/ their victory will be greater than far-famed Waterloo. 90II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word. 1. since

105、 2. not 3. in 4. against 5. After 6. so 7. of 8. to 9. British 10. before91Listening exercises (P11-12)B. Promise and TragedyI. Kennedys personal life A. A place in legend - along with George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Thomas Jefferson B. A surprising person - never did things when others were

106、 doing them C. Did things earlier than most people 1. Elected to Congress at 29 2. Elected to the White House at 43 D. Mishaps and tragedies 1. War injury 2. Death of a newborn son 3. Assassination at 4692II. Kennedy the international diplomat versus Kennedy the domestic politician A. Effectiveness

107、in international diplomacy 1. Enjoying meeting with the heads of foreign countries and foreign students 2. Having a combination of informality and dignity B. Successes in domestic programs - Congressional approval of: 1. Creation of the Peace Corps 2. Raising of the minimum wage 3. Increase of socia

108、l benefits 4. Support for space flights 93C. Failures in domestic programs - Congressional disapproval of: 1. Free medical care for people over 65 2. Creation of a Department of Urban Affairs for Americas cities 3. Federal aid to education 4. Tax reform and tax reductionIII. Responsibility for legis

109、lation benefiting African Americans A. Bill to prohibit racial discrimination 1. In employment 2. In public facilities: public transportation, restaurants, restrooms B. Bill to outlaw school segregation - passed not until after his death94Text II Winston ChurchillKey to questions for discussion (P16

110、)1. Churchill stepped onto the world stage at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 in the capacity of the First Lord of the Admiralty of Great Britain.2. Because he knew very well that his country alone was not demographically, industrially or financially strong enough to win the victory of t

111、he war against the Nazis and the intervention of the USA, the most powerful country in the world, would bring the war to its end much sooner. 953. Ever since he became the premier of his country, Churchill placed his hope of final victory on the intervention of the USA. In order to get the USA invol

112、ved in the war, he established a personal relationship with President Roosevelt. When his request was declined by Roosevelt, he was still optimistic and believed that things would work his way. The later development of the world situation proved that he was fight. 96Homework Assignment 1. Review Uni

113、t 1: I. Intensive reading: An Integrated English Course 4- Unit 1 II. Extensive reading: College English Reading Course 4- Unit 1 III. Listening and speaking: New Horizon College English 4- Units 1-2 IV. Focus listening 4- Lessons 1-2 Try to remember the words and expressions learnt in this unit by speaking, writing and reading more.2. Preview Unit 2.97个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论