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1、The professional English of pharmaceutical engineeringWang XinliangEast China university of science and technologycapsulesemulsionsyruptabletsuspension ointmentcreamelixir胶囊胶囊乳剂乳剂糖浆糖浆片剂片剂混悬剂混悬剂软膏软膏霜剂霜剂酒剂酒剂The parenteral route of administration is important in treating medical emergencies （in which a
2、 subject is comatose or cannot swallow）, and in providing various types of maintenance therapy for hospitalized patients. If patient self-administration cannot be achieved, the sales of the drug constitute only a small fraction of what the market would be otherwise. The reasons for this preference a
3、re as follows. Tablets and capsules represent unit dosage forms in which one usual dose of the drug has been accurately placed. By comparison, liquid oral dosage forms, such as syrups, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, and elixirs, are usually designed to contain one dose of medication in 5 to 30 m
4、l. Properties The objective of the design and manufacture of the compressed tablet is to deliver orally the correct amount of drug in the proper form at or over the proper time and in the desired location, and to have its chemical integrity protected to that point. Aside from the physical and chemic
5、al properties of the medicinal agent(s) to be formulated into a tablet, the actual physical design, manufacturing process, and complete chemical makeup of the tablet can have a profound effect on the efficacy of the drug(s) being administered. A tablet (1) should be an elegant product having its own
6、 identity while being free of defects such as chips, cracks, discoloration, contamination, and the like; (2) should have the strength to withstand the rigors of mechanical shocks encountered in its production, packaging, shipping, and dispensing; and (3) should have the chemical and physical stabili
7、ty to maintain its physical attribute over time. Pharmaceutical scientists now understand that various physical properties of tablets can undergo change under environmental or stress conditions, and that physical stability, through its effect on bioavailability in particular, can be of more significance and concern in some tablet systems than chemical stability.9
