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1、英语句子的基本结构英语句子的基本结构句子种类两种分类法句子种类两种分类法按句子的用途可分四种：按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句陈述句（肯定、否定）：（肯定、否定）：He is six years old.2）疑问句疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class4）感叹句感叹句：How clever the boy is!按句子的结构可分三种：按句子的结构可分三种：
2、1) 简单句简单句2) 并列句并列句3) 复合句复合句l1）简单句简单句：只有一个主语（或：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。谓语）。le.g. He often reads English in the morning.lTom and Mike are American boys.lShe likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.l我们可以给句子的我们可以给句子的动词加上副词动词加上副词修饰，给修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句
3、子修饰，给句子加上加上状语状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有都只有一个主谓结构一个主谓结构。lHe worked hard all his life. (划线部分在划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词句中作状语，修饰动词worked)lHe is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词词student)l2) 并列句：并列句：l句型：句型：简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句l并列句
4、是由两个或两个以上的简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词。它们之间用连词连结。连结。le.g. You help him and he helps you.lThe future is bright; the road is tortuous. 并列句的分类并列句的分类l1、表示连接、表示连接两个同等概念两个同等概念，常用，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。等连接
5、。le.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.l2、表示、表示选择选择，常用的连词有，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. l3、表示、表示转折转折，常用的连词有，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。等。le.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes liv
6、ely and interesting.l4、表示、表示因果因果关系，常用的连词有关系，常用的连词有so, for等。等。le.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3）复合句：）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。句子。从句包括从句包括名词性从句名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句）句、表语从句和同位语从句） 定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句等。等。句型句型主句主句+连词连词+从句
7、；或连词从句；或连词+从句从句+主句主句le.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.l复合句就是复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。lAs is known to all, China is getting more and more powe
8、rful. (As 引导一个引导一个定语从句定语从句)lWhere there is a will, there is a way. (Where引导一个表地点的状语从句引导一个表地点的状语从句)Exercises 判断句型判断句型l1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.l2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (简单句简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子整个句子) (复合句复合句包含两个名词性从句：包含两个名词性从句：Wha
9、t he says 是一个主语从句；是一个主语从句；what he does 是一是一个宾语从句个宾语从句)l3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.l4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.l5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?简单句简单句复合句复合句简单句简单句6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he
10、 was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?11. The farmer is showing the boy how to
11、 plant a tree.12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句简单句简单句l1. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.lA. Turning B. To turnC. Turned D. Turnl2. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?lA. andB. thenC. or D. otherwisel3. She set
12、out soon after dark _ home an hour later.lA. arrivingB. to arrivelC. having arrived D. and arrivedl4. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.lA. whom B. whereC. which D. whilel5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. w
13、hich price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that l6. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _ she used to be. A. that B, whom C. what D. whol7. _ several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being asked B. Having been asked C. He would
14、ask D. He had been asked 8. _ the days went on, the situation there got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. Asl9. Who do you think the doctor will have _ first, John or Kate? A. examine B. to examine C. examining D. examinedl10. She won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us.A. whic
15、h B. it C. as D. who l11. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is l12. She is American, _ she knows little about American history.A. so B. yet C. and D. therefore l13. _ the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.A. Read B. Reading C. If reading D. When you read l14. _, so he didnt come to school last week.A. Though he was ill B. Being ill C. Having been ill D. He was ill
