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1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（下）综合教程（下）INTEGRATED COURSE2Unit 4 Science and Technology Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final ProjectTask 1Work in groups and solve the following crossword puzzle involving words describing things that have emerged in recent ye
2、ars with the improvement of science and technology, e.g. email, surfing the Net, search engine, cell phone, etc.Starting outStarting outAcross2. a science which involves developing and making extremely small but very powerful machines 4. to post a reply in order to raise the threads profile by retur
3、ning it to the top of the list of active threads 5. to produce an exact copy of an animal or a plant from its cells 9. someone who secretly uses or changes the information in other peoples computer systems 10. GM food refers to _ modified foodwhich is not affected by particular diseases or harmful i
4、nsects. 13. A _ potato is someone who spends most of their time surfing the net. 15. email messages that a computer user has not asked for and does not want to read, for example from someone who is advertising something 16. a business that sells products or services on the Internet, instead of in a
5、shop 17. a virtual pet in the form of an interactive program 19. the opposite of cyberspace or the virtual world of the Internet 20. education via the Internet; e-educationDown1. keyboard characters used in combination to produce whimsical symbols representing a range of emotions, also known as smil
6、ey3. online romance 6. teenagers who spend too much time in front of the screen (television or computer screens) 7. a knowledgeable and experienced Internet user 8. move information or programs from a computer network to a small computer 11. an activity performed on Internet forums or chat rooms tha
7、t involves wandering the website, reading posts and never actually posting anything 12. the user (or employee) of the forum which is granted access to the posts for the purpose of moderating discussion on the Internet14. someone who has just started doing something, especially using the Internet or
8、computers 18. China and India will soon have far larger numbers of _(s) than any Western nation. 1EMO2NANOTE3CHNOLOGYIYC4BUMP5CLONE6S7K8DNR9HACKERNOLROWO10GENETICA11LLYWN12MVEUBL13MOUSE14NNRIODE15SPAMK16ETAILERWGIDR17CYBERPETN18NAIRG19MEATSPACETOIRZ20WEBUCATIONNTask 2 F Step One Directions: Work in
9、pairs to match inventors in Column A with inventions in Column B. (P96) Starting outStarting out1) Tim Berners-Lee (England) 2) Alexander Graham Bell (US, born in Scotland) 3) Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright (US) 4) Thomas Alva Edison (US) 5) Cai Lun (China) 6) Alexander Fleming (England) 7) Leo Ba
10、ekeland (US, born in Belgium) 8) Chester Floyd Carlson (US) 9) Wilhelm Conrad von Rntgen (Germany) 10) Willis Carrier (US) Starting out Starting out g. the World Wide Webd. telephonei. airplaneh. electric light bulbc. papera. penicilline. plasticsj. xerographyb. X-rayf. air-conditionerIs Google Maki
11、ng Us Stupid?Reading FocusReading Focus Global Understanding 1Detailed Information2Critical Thinking3Language Points4Reading FocusReading FocusVocabulary in Action5Task 1 Complete the following extract with information from the text.Over the past few years, Ive had an 1) _ feeling that Im not thinki
12、ng the way I used to think, particularly when I am 2) _. In the past, I would be able to 3) _ myself in lengthy articles. But, it is a different story now. It has become an exacting thing for me to do some 4) _ reading. This, I think, can be attributed to a universal medium the Net, which provides i
13、mmediate 5) _ to such an incredibly rich store of information. Reliance on the Net leads to the gradual loss of my capacity for 6) _ and contemplation. Similar troubles with reading also fall upon other people,Reading FocusReading Focus Global Understandinguncomfortablereadingimmersedeepaccessconcen
14、tration including Scott Karp, who recently confessed that he has 7) _ reading books altogether, and Bruce Friedman, who claimed that the Internet has 8) _ his mental habits. A recently published study of online research habits also points to the 9) _ in the way we read and think. Although the Intern
15、et and text-messaging on cell phones facilitate our reading, its a 10) _ kind of reading. According to Maryanne Wolf, a developmental psychologist at Tufts University, we tend to become “mere 11) _ of information” while reading online. Reading FocusReading Focus Global Understandingstoppedalteredcha
16、ngedifferentdecodersAs a consequence, our ability to interpret and make rich mental connections remains tremendously 12) _. Another good case in point, illustrating the point that 13) _ extend across many regions of the brain when we apply different media, is Friedrich Nietzsche. When his vision was
17、 failing and it was tough for him to keep his eyes focused on a page, he bought a typewriter, with which 14) _ could once again flow from his mind to the page. But, as one of Nietzsches friends claimed, it made Nietzsches terse prose even 15) _ and more telegraphic. Reading FocusReading Focus Global
18、 UnderstandingdisengagedvariationswordstighterTask 2Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. (P103) Key:1 2 3 4 5 67 8 DABDACBCReading FocusReading Focus Detailed InformationCritical ThinkingReading FocusRead the following sentences from the text and discuss
19、 with your group members how you understand them and whether you agree with them. Use examples to illustrate your point.Reading FocusCritical Thinking1. “We are not only what we read,” says Maryanne Wolf. “We are how we read.”2. When we read online, she says, we tend to become “mere decoders of info
20、rmation.”Read the following sentences or questions and discuss with your partner whether you have the same problems and if you have, how you will cope with these problems.Reading FocusCritical Thinking1. The more they use the Web, the more they have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writing
21、.2. People using the sites exhibited “a form of skimming activity,” hopping from one source to another and rarely returning to any source theyd already visited.3. “I cant read War and Peace anymore,” he admitted. “Ive lost the ability to do that. Even a blog post of more than three or four paragraph
22、s is too much to absorb. I skim it.”Discuss in groups the following questionsPeople can gain easy access to virtually all the information on the Internet, including e-books, which acts as a catalyst for the debate as to whether to abandon or strengthen the copyright of books. In your opinion, how sh
23、ould the issue of copyright be dealt with? Reading FocusCritical Thinking audi- audio-: of hearing audible：可听见的可听见的 audience：听众听众 audition：试听，听力试听，听力 auditor：听者听者 auditorium：会堂，礼堂会堂，礼堂 auditory：听觉的听觉的 audiovisual：视听视听 audio frequency：音频音频Reading FocusReading Focus VocabularyConsort: v. consort with1
24、. pass time on the company of :陪伴，结交，陪伴，结交，交往交往Dont consort with criminals.2. be in harmony with:协调，一致协调，一致His action does not consort with his speaking.Decode: de-:reverse, opposite decolonize: 使脱离殖民地使脱离殖民地 decompress：减压减压 decontrol：解除控制解除控制 decompose：分解分解 defrost：除霜除霜Fidget: v. n.v. fidget (about)
25、 (with): make sb. nervousThe boy was fidgeting (about) with his knife and fork.n. 1. fidgeting movementHaving to sit still for a long time often gives small children the fidgets.2. person who fidgetsWhat a fidget you are!1.Over the past few years Ive had an uncomfortable sense that someone, or somet
26、hing, has been tinkering with my brain, remapping the neural circuitry, reprogramming the memory. (Para. 1) tinker withat: work in inexpert way Please dont tinker with my car engine.翻译： 在过去的几年里，我老有一种不祥之感，觉的有什么人，或什么东西，一直在我脑子里鼓捣个不停，重绘我的脑电图，重写我的脑内存。Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 2.My mind wo
27、uld get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and Id spend hours strolling through long stretches of prose. (Para. 1) get caught up: get involved in I didnt want to get caught up in endless petty arguments.stroll: quiet, unhurried walkAfter supper he often strolls with his wife. 翻
28、译： 我的思维沉浸在叙述或不同的观点中，我还会花数小时徜徉在长篇散文中。If you describe something as a godsend, you are emphasizing that it helps you very much.e.g. 1) The hot weather has been a godsend for ice- cream sellers. 2) It was a godsend to have him there just when we needed someone. 翻译：翻译：对作家而言，网络就象天上掉下来的聚宝盆对作家而言，网络就象天上掉下来的聚
29、宝盆。 Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 3. The Web has been a godsend to me as a writer. (Para. 2)4. A few Google searches, some quick clicks on hyperlinks, and Ive got the telltale fact or pithy quote I was after. (Para. 2) If you are after somebody or something, you are looking for somebody
30、or something. e.g. 1) That boys always in troublethe police are after him again. 2) “Were you after anything in particular?” “No, were just looking.” 翻译： 稍微在“谷歌” 上搜索几下，快速点开几个链接，就可以找到我所需要的事实或者精练的引证。Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 5. “The perfect recall of silicon memory,” Wireds Clive Thomp
31、son has written, “can be an enormous boon to thinking.” but that boon comes at a price. (Para. 3) boon: n. sth that is usefulThe bus is a real boon to people in the village. at a price: at the costHe sold the old house at a good price.He lost his independence to pay for peace, its at a high price.翻译
32、：“硅存储器的完美记忆性对于思想来说是一个大实惠。” 但是，这个实惠是要付出代价的。6. And what the Net seems to be doing is chipping away at my capacity for concentration and contemplation. My mind now expects to take in information the way the Net distributes it: in a swiftly moving stream of particles. (Para. 3) chip away at : destroy Fe
33、ars about the future chipped away at her sense of well-being. take in : absorb, understand They listened to my lecture, but how much did they take in, I wonder? We need more time to take in the situation, form a correct idea of it.翻译：翻译：网络似乎粉碎了我专注与沉思的能力。如今，我的大脑就盼着网络似乎粉碎了我专注与沉思的能力。如今，我的大脑就盼着以网络提供信息的方
34、式来获取信息：飞快的微粒运动。以网络提供信息的方式来获取信息：飞快的微粒运动。7. Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski. (Para. 3)These two sentences imply that I used to have a liking for deep reading whereas I tend to skim and scan for information while reading now.翻译：曾经我是文字海洋中
35、的潜水者，现在我则象是摩翻译：曾经我是文字海洋中的潜水者，现在我则象是摩托艇骑手在海面上风驰电掣。托艇骑手在海面上风驰电掣。Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 8. “What happened?” He speculates on the answer: “What if I do all my reading on the web not so much because the way I read has changed, i.e. Im just seeking convenience, but because the way I THI
36、NK has changed?” (Para. 4) “not so much because , but because” means 并不是因为并不是因为，而是因为，而是因为，与其说，与其说 不如说不如说. speculate 1) speculate (on/about something)/ that/ wh- e.g. There was no point _ _ (猜测他们是否会一起猜测他们是否会一起 回来回来). 2) speculate in/ on something e.g. He likes to speculate on the stock market. 翻译：如果对
37、我来说，通过网络来阅读的真正理由与其说是我的阅读方式发生了改变，比如，我只是图个方便，不如说是我的思维方式在发生变化，那么我该怎么办呢？ speculating about the possibility of them getting back togetherReading FocusReading Focus Language Point 9. A pathologist who has long been on the faculty of the University of Michigan Medical School, Friedman elaborated on his com
38、ment in a telephone conversation with me. (Para. 5) If somebody is on the faculty of a particular college or university, he or she works in it. However, “faculty” has other meanings as follows. 1) How can the faculty improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity? 2) the Faculty of Social and
39、Political Sciences 3) She is over eighty but still has all her faculties. Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point all the teachersdepartmentbe able to speak, hear, see, understand, etc elaborate (v.): to give more details or new information about something e.g. 1) He said he had new evidence, but
40、refused to elaborate any further. 2) They refused to elaborate on the reasons for their decision. elaborate(adj.) 1) very complex e.g. an elaborate research project 2) carefully planned and organized in great detail e.g. She had prepared a very elaborate meal. Reading FocusReading Focus Language Poi
41、nt 10. His thinking, he said, has taken on a staccato quality, reflecting the way he quickly scans short passages of text from many sources online. (Para. 5) take on: 1) undertakeHe takes on heavy responsibility.2)assume, put onThe garden takes on a sunlit and enchanting scene of spring.翻译：翻译： 他说，由于
42、上网浏览文章的习惯，他的思维呈现出一他说，由于上网浏览文章的习惯，他的思维呈现出一种种“碎读碎读”特征。特征。11. But a recently published study of online research habits, conducted by scholars from University College London, suggests that we may well be in the midst of a sea change in the way we read and think. (Para. 6)“ may well be in the midst of a
43、sea change” means “ are very likely to undergo dramatic changes”. 翻译：研究表明我们已经已经彻底置身于阅读与思考方式的巨变之中。 Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 12. Thanks to the ubiquity of text on the Internet, not to mention the popularity of text-messaging on cell phones, we may well be reading more today than we di
44、d in the 1970s or 1980s, when television was our medium of choice. (Para. 7)thanks to:as the result of,owing toThanks to your help we were successful.not to mention:without mentioningWere too busy to take a long holiday,not to mention the fact that we cant afford it.Dont mention it: youre welcome 参考
45、译文：参考译文： 多亏铺天盖地的网络文本，更别说当下时兴的手机短信，多亏铺天盖地的网络文本，更别说当下时兴的手机短信，可供我们阅读的东西很可能比上世纪七八十年代要多了，可供我们阅读的东西很可能比上世纪七八十年代要多了，那时，我们选择的媒体还是电视。那时，我们选择的媒体还是电视。 Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 13.We can expect as well that the circuits woven by our use of the Net will be different from those woven by our readi
46、ng of books and other printed works.翻译：翻译：我们可以预料，使用网络阅读形成的思维，一定也和我们可以预料，使用网络阅读形成的思维，一定也和通过阅读书籍及其他印刷品形成的思维不一样。通过阅读书籍及其他印刷品形成的思维不一样。14. His vision was failing, and keeping his eyes focused on a page had become exhausting and painful, often bringing on crushing headaches. (Para. 9)Here, “failing” is an
47、 adjective, meaning “no longer strong or healthy”. e.g. government money wasted on failing industries“bringing on crushing headaches” is used to modify the previous sentence as an attributive. “bring on” here means “make something bad or unpleasant happen”. e.g. Stress can bring on an asthma attack.
48、翻译：他的视力下降的厉害，长时间盯着一张纸会另他感觉疲惫、疼痛，还常常引起剧烈的头疼。Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 15. His already terse prose had become even tighter, more telegraphic. (Para. 10)This sentence implies that his prose had become even more concise and terse.翻译：他那已经十分简练的行文变得更紧凑、更电文式了。 Reading FocusReading Focus Lang
49、uage Point Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-Task 1Step OneColumn A is a list of words from the passage. Find a word or phrase in Column B which is similar in meaning to each of the words in Column A. (P106)ifabhjceReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action dgStep Two1) The children get _ if th
50、ey have nothing to do.2) The shipyard has been dealt another _ blow with the failure to win this contract.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from Column A above. Change the form if necessary. (P.106)fidgetycrushingapplauddefinitivecurtailduly forage pithypropelubiquityfidgety crushi
51、ngReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 3) His _ advice to young painters was, Above all, keep your colors fresh.4) It is important to note that _ for information does not equate to aimless “surfing.”5) The victims families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a(n) _ an
52、swer.6) His addiction to drugs _ him towards a life of crime.pithyforagingdefinitivepropelledReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action applauddefinitivecurtailduly forage pithypropelubiquityfidgety crushing7) On the triumphant return home, the captain, Brian Robson, was _ for sticking to his g
53、uns.8) The _ of advertising is not being driven by corporations searching for new ways to sell products but by media searching for new ways to make money.9) Here are your travel documents, all _ signed.10) By the same token, reduced military budgets would force the government to _ its foreign involv
54、ement.applaudedubiquitydulycurtailReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action applauddefinitivecurtailduly forage pithypropelubiquityfidgety crushingTask 2Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. (P107)Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-aboveonto onabout/ontowithaton/
55、aboutinReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 1.The regions where a person grows up _ _ (可能会对可能会对产生微妙的影响产生微妙的影响) his or her idea of typicality of certain items.2. Many sites on the Internet _ (提供免费阅读电子书籍的机会提供免费阅读电子书籍的机会).3. Business _ (正发生着正发生着巨变巨变) when it comes to staffing and retaining s
56、uperior talent.Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English. Try to use the expressions you have learned from the text. may have a subtle effect on provide free access to e-booksis in the midst of a sea changeReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action Tas
57、k 34. Since 1970, Green _ _ (一直在哈佛任教一直在哈佛任教), where he currently holds two named professorships.5. John is _ (如饥似渴的读如饥似渴的读者者) and participates in two monthly book clubs.6. When your goal is in your conscious mind all the time, _ (你就会把心思全花在这你就会把心思全花在这上了上了).7. In all facets of community life, the medi
58、a play a central role as _ (信息传递者信息传递者) and potentially a catalyst for activism and change. has been on the faculty of Harvard Universitya voracious book reader youll stay focused on it the conduit for informationReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 8. The rent was due, so _ (你的支票真是天赐之物你的支票真是天赐之物)!9. I must have skipped a page, because I _ (我弄不清故事的脉络了我弄不清故事的脉络了).10. In the warm winter afternoon, she likes to _ (徜徉在优美的散文中徜徉在优美的散文中). your check came as an absolute godsend lost the thread of the story stroll through elegant proseReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action
