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1、初中英语教学大纲语法项目表一(中考必考语法内容） (2010-03-23 15:12:19) ？ 根据英语课程标准及时编辑此表，供广大同仁及学生使用，如有不妥，希望及时提出。同时衷心感谢此表原着者）此表为中考命题教师重要的参考内容。 加“*”号的项目只要求理解，是八级要求即对高考的要求,中考不单独拿出来考，但要理解这些知识的意思。括号中的内容是笔者对大家的提示 1. (学习词汇时务必掌握所学词汇的词性，对待各类词汇，大家一定要明确其最基本的位置与用法) 词类：1）名词 2）形容词 3）副词 4）动词 5）代词 6）冠词 7）数词 8）介词 9）连词 10）感叹词（最近几年没有专门单独考查，能掌
2、握会用最好。一定要理解，初步用法要会，不要深究） 2. 构词法：（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1）合成法 classroom, something, reading-room 2）派生法 worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy 3）转化法 hand （n.）hand （v.） dry （adj.）dry （v.） 3. 名词 1）可数名词和不可数名词 2）名词的复数 3）专有名词 4）所有格 4. 代词 1）人称代词的主格和宾格形式 2）物主代词的形容词与名词性形式 3）反身代词 myself, himself,
3、ourselves, etc. 4）指示代词 this, that, these, those 5）不定代词 some, any, no, ,few,many ,something ,nobody etc. 6）疑问代词 what, who, whose, which, etc. 5. 数词 基数词和序数词 6. 介词 词汇表中所列介词的基本用法 7. 连词 词汇表中所列连词的基本用法. 8. 形容词 1）作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法 2）比较等级 （原级、比较级、最高级）的基本用法 （1）构成 -er, -est; more, the most （2）基本句型 as原级形式as. no
4、t as （so）原级形式as. 比较级形式than. the最高级形式.in （of）. 9. 副词 1）表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法 2）疑问副词 when, where, how 3）比较等级 （原级、比较级、最高级） （1）构成 -er, -est; more, the most （2）基本句型 as原级形式as. not as （so）原级形式as. 比较级形式than. the最高级形式.in （of）. (另外，一定要注意我们常见的副词主要是 1.修饰动词的副词，主要以 ly结尾；2.修饰形容词及其他副词的副词，如：very,quite,rather,so,really
5、 etc.) 10. 冠词 一般用法.(主要明确并运用不定冠词a an 两词的区别用法) 初中英语教学大纲语法项目表二(中考必考语法内容） (2010-03-23 15:20:08) 分类： 11. 动词 1）动词种类“一个句子或者表示动作（用行为动词）或者表示状态（非动作就是状态， 状态的情况常用系动词及名词或形容词或介词词组或表状态的副词等表示） （1）行为动词或实义动词 （表动作） 1 及物动词 （后面能直接接宾语的行为动词，宾语是指动作的承受者） 2 不及物动词 （后面不能接宾语，如想接宾语需加相应的介词） （2）连系动词 be,及 look, turn, get, become, s
6、mell, sound,feel,seem ,keep,stay .etc.除 be 以外的系动词之句子变化和一般的行为动词的句子变化一样，不能直接在该词身上变化）（表示状态） （3）助动词 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.（助动词不能单独使用，需要和行为动词或系动词或其它词的适当形式连用） （4）情态动词 can, may, must, need（该词的情态动词用法常出现在否定句及疑问句）, etc.（后接行为动词或系动词的原形。情态动词不能单独使用） 2）时态 （1）一般现在时 I get up at six oclock every morning. He
7、doesnt speak Russian. They are very busy. The moon moves round the earth. When you see him, tell him to come to my place. Ill go to see you tonight if Im free.(指 if 引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。这样的词还有when,while,until,as soon as,after,before .etc.) （2）一般过去时 I was in Grade One last year. I got up at five yesterda
8、y. （3）一般将来时 1. shall （will） 动词原形(第一人称 I 及 we 做主语时可用 shall 代替 will) (shall 还用于第一人称为主语的建议句子中) I shall （will）go to your school tomorrow afternoon. She will be here tomorrow. There will(is going to) a sports meeting next month. 2. be going to动词原形 Im going to help him. （4）现在进行时 Were reading the text now.
9、 Theyre waiting for a bus. （5）现在完成时 I have already posted the letter. They have lived here for ten years. （6）过去进行时 We were having a meeting this time yesterday. The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her 初中英语教学大纲语法项目表三(中考必考语法内容） (2010-03-23 15:24:05) *（7）过去完成时 We had learned four English
10、 songs by the end of last year. The film had already begun when I got to the cinema. She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing. *（8）过去将来时 He said he would go to the cinema that evening. Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday. 3）被动语态 （1）一般现在时的被动语态 English is taug
11、ht in that school. （2）一般过去时的被动语态 The song was written by that worker. （3）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态 She must be sent to hospital at once. 4）动词不定式 （1）作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. （2）作宾语 They began to read. We find it interesting to studying English.(it
12、 是形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的不定式) （3）作宾语补足语 Jim asked me to help him with his lessons. We often heard her sing.（不加 to） （4）作定语 I have an important meeting to attend. （5）作状语 She went to see her grandma yesterday. （6）用在 how, when, where, what, which 等之后 I dont know how to use a computer. Do you know when to start？ H
13、e didnt know what to do next. 12. 句子种类 1）陈述句 （肯定式和否定式） 2）疑问句“一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句（该问句不做深度要求）” 3）祈使句 （肯定式和否定式） *4）感叹句 13. 句子成份（理解句子成分会用即可） 1）主语 Betty likes her new bike. He gets up early every day. To learn a foreign language is not easy. 2）谓语 We work hard. The boy caught a bird. He is my brother.
14、 They all look fine. 3）表语 Her sister is a nurse. Its me. Im ready. He got angry. We were at home last night. His cup is broken. 4）宾语 Tom bought a story-book. I saw him yesterday. He wanted to have a cup of tea. 5）直接宾语和间接宾语 He gave me some ink. Our teacher told us an interesting story. *6）宾语补足语 Call
15、her Xiao Li. You must keep the room clean. John asked me to help him. 7）定语 This is a green jeep. This is an apple tree. Are these students your classmates？ Winter is the coldest season of the year. I have something to tell you. 8）状语 You are quite right. She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. He stopp
16、ed to have a look. 14. 简单句的五种基本句型 第一种 主语连系动词表语 （SVP） The bike is new. The map is on the wall. 第二种 主语不及物动词 （SV） He swims. 第三种 主语及物动词宾语 （SVO） Children often sing this song. 第四种 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语（SVIODO） She showed her friends all her pictures. 第五种 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语（SVOC） We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
17、 15. 并列句 He likes maths, but he needs help. I help him and he helps me. 16. 复合句 1）宾语从句 He said （that）he felt sick. I dont know whether （if）she still works in the factory. I take back what I said. I cant tell who is there. Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is？ 2）状语从句 The train had left when I g
18、ot to the station. Ill go with you to the cinema this afternoon if Im free. The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help. The earth is bigger than the moon. He was so tired that he couldnt walk on. * Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job. Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily. 3）定语从句（主要考下面的三种） Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt. Show me the picture that you like best. Colour the birds which （that）are flying.
