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1、最新初中英语： 被动语态的用法及易错点归纳+练习题， 全是必考点！ 一 、 主 动 语 态 和 被动 语 态 的 概 念 1） He opened the door. 他 开 了 门 。 以 上 例 句 是 一 个主动句，主语是动作的执行者 /发出者 2） The door was opened by him. 门 被 开 了 。 第 二 个 例 句 是 一 个被动句，主语是动作的承受者 汉 语 中 表 示 被 动 的 词： 被 / 由 / 受 / 给 英 语 中 表 被 动 用 ： be+过 去 分 词 构 成 二、 被动语态的结构及用法 1）被动语态的几种句型 肯 定 句 ： 主 语 +b
2、e+及 物 动 词 的 过 去 分 词+（ by） eg: My phone was made in China. 否 定 句 ： 主 语 +be not+过 去 分 词 +（ by） eg: My phone wasn t made in China. 一 般 疑 问 句 ： Be+主语 +过 去 分 词 +（ by） ？ eg: Was your phone made in China? 特 殊 疑 问 句 ： 特 殊 疑问 词 +be+主 语 +过 去 分 词 +（ by） ? eg: Where was your phone made? 2）不同时态中的被动语态 3） 被动语态的用法
3、当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用 by 短语。The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨 天 ， 教 室 的 前 窗 被打 破 了 。 (不 知 谁 打破 的 ) They have been poorly paid. 他 们 的 工 资 太 低 。 (没 必 要 指 出 工 资 是 谁付 的 ) 突 出 或 强 调 动 作 的 承受 者 ， 如 果 需 要 说 出动 作 的 执 行 者 ，用 by 短 语 。 These books are written especially for c
4、hildren. 这 些 书 是 专 门 为 孩 子们 写 的 。 (强 调 的 是“ 这 些 书 ” ) 三、主动语态变被动语态 1）一般情况下主动语态变被动语态 主 动 句 ： He closed the door. 变 被 动 句 ： The door was closed by him. 口 诀 ： 宾 变 主 ， 主 变宾 ， 谓 变 be done, 时 不 变 ， 数 格 必 须 随被 变 。 2）主动语态中若有双宾语 Vivian gave me a book. 双 宾 语 （ me 是 间 宾 ， book 是 直 宾 ） -I was given a book by Viv
5、ian. 间 接 宾 语 提 前 -A book was given to me by Vivian. 直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词 动 词 make/buy/get 用 for; 动 词 give/send/lend/take 用 to 3) “感使动词” (feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)真 奇 怪 ，主 动 结 构“ to”走 开 ，被 动 结构 又请 来 ，十 个动 词 要 记 牢 ， 不 会 被它 再 难 倒 。 We saw him play football on th
6、e playground. 我 们 看 见 他 在 操 场 上打 篮 球 。 变被动： He was seen to play football on the playground. 他 被 我 们 看 到 在 操 场上 打 篮 球 。 四、主动形式表被动意义 1) 系 动 词 没 有 被 动语 态 ， 如 feel, sound, taste, look, become, fall, get, grow, keep, remain, seem, smell, stay, turn 等 等 Your idea sounds good. 你 的 注 意 听 起来 蛮 好 的 。 You look
7、 beautiful. 你 看 起 来 美 美 的 。 2) 在 need, require, want, be worth , deserve 等 词 的后 面 ， 动 名词 用 主 动 形 式 表 示 被动 意 义 The TV needs repairing. 电 视 需 要 修理 。 = The TV needs to be repaired. 3) 一 般 说 来 ，不 及物 动 词 或 不 及 物 动 词短 语 不 能 使 用 被 动 语态 ，常 见 的有 ：appear, die, disappear, end （ vi. 结 束 ）, fail, happen, last, l
8、ie, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place， occur 等 。 A car accident happened in the street. 一 场 车 祸 发 生 在 街 上。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我 的 故 乡 发 生 了 巨 变。 4) 在 某 些 形 容 词 后面 ， 当 不 定 式 表 达 的情 况 与 它 前 面 的 名 词或 代 词 构 成逻 辑 上 的 动
9、宾 关 系 时， 用 主 动 式 表 示 被 动意 义 。 She has an important meeting to attend. 她 有 一 个 重 要 的 会 议要 参 加 。 五、易错点总结（常考点） 1）在 时 间 、条 件 状语 从 句 中 ，要 用 一 般现 在 时 的 被 动 语 态 表示 将 来 时 的被 动 语 态 。 If l am given enough time, I will do it better. 给 我 足 够 的 时 间 ， 我会 做 得 更 好 。 2） 固 定 结 构 中 的 介词 或 副 词 在 被 动 结 构中 不 可 省 去 。 Such
10、 a bad habit should be got rid of. 这 样 的 坏 习 惯 应 该 改掉 。 （ of 不 可 以 省去 的 ） 3） 有 些 动 词 如 write, read, sell， wash, open 等 当 强 调 动作 执 行 情 况时 , 有 被 动 语 态 ; 当 用 作 不 及 物 动 词 来 说 明 主 语 本 身 所 具 有 的 特 征 时 ,无被 动 语 态 。 The computers were sold out, because they sell well. 电 脑 被 卖 光 了 ， 因 为它 们 卖 得 好 。 The cloth w
11、ashes easily. 这 布 很 好 洗 。 4） 在 “ tooto” 结 构 和 形 容 词 enough to do 结 构 中 ,通 常 用 主 动形 式 表 示 被 动 意 义 。 The problem is too difficult to work out. 5） 常 见 的 被 动 语 态的 句 型 搭 配 据 说 . It is said that . 据 报 导 . It is reported that . 据 推 测 . It is supposed that . 希 望 . It is hoped that . 众 所 周 知 . It is well kno
12、wn that . 普 遍 认 为 . It is generally considered that . 有 人 建 议 . It is suggested that 【专项训练】合计 25 题 1. A red sky in the morning _ to be a sign of bad weather. A. says B. is saying C. is said D. is being said 2. The book _ for anyone who wants to learn more about the Internet. A. is intended B. has in
13、tended C. is intending D. will intend 3. Blood is the medium in which oxygen _ to all parts of the body. A. is carried B. has carried C. is carrying D. will carry 4. If the package _ well, we assume the contents are also wonderful. A. is wrapped B. has wrapped C. is wrapping D. will wrap 5. Both hyd
14、rogen and oxygen are elements, but water, which _ when they combine, is not. A. is formed B. has formed C. is forming D. will form 6. The swimmer hung on to the rope and _ to safety. A. is pulled B. has pulled C. was pulled D. was pulling 7. Einstein _ the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum
15、 Theory. A. is awarded B. has awarded C. was awarded D. was awarding 8. They ought to have arrived at lunchtime but the flight _. A. is delayed B. has delayed C. was delayed D. was delaying 9. The crunch came when she _ to choose between her marriage and her career. A. is forced B. has forced C. was
16、 forced D. was forcing 10. I _ to wait four hours before I was examined by a doctor. A. made B. has made C. was made D. was making 11. Anyone seen carrying boxes, bags, or whatever, _ by the police. A. stopped B. has stopped C. was stopped D. was stopping 12. I can t turn a blind eye when someone _.
17、 A. has robbed B. was robbed C. was robbing D. is being robbed 13. The dealer will provide you with a courtesy car while your vehicle_. A. has repaired B. was repaired C. is being repaired D. was been repaired 14. The Olympic torch is carried by runners to the place where the games _. A. has held B.
18、 was held C. are being held D. were been held 15. He apologized to the people who _. A. affected B. has affected C. have been affected D. had been affected 16. No decision _ until next year, so you ll just have to wait and see. A. have made B. are made C. will make D. will be made 17. Candidates who
19、 are successful in the written test _ for an interview. A. have invited B. have been invited C. will invite D. will be invited 18. There is every chance that more jobs _ later this year. A. will lose B. will be lost C. have lost D. have been lost 19. There s still a ray of hope that the missing chil
20、d _ alive. A. was found B. have found C. will find D. will be found 20. Full details of the election results _ in a special edition of tomorrow s newspaper. A. will publish B. will be published C. have published D. have been published 21. No-one knows how many people _ since the war began. A. have k
21、illed B. have been killed C. killed D. were killed 22. She has written two novels, both of which _ into television series. A. have made B. have been made C. had made D. had been made 23. Due to the recent high cost of borrowing, many companies _ to close. A. had forced B. had been forced C. have forced D. have been forced 24. Once the goods _ for they will be delivered at your convenience. A. have paid B. have been paid C. will pay D. will been paid 25. At least fifty four people _ and a further fifty are missing. A. have killed B. have been killed C. will kill D. will be killed
