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1、用法用法: 1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作， 强调对现在的影响强调对现在的影响.2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作、从过去一直延续到现在的动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+过去的点时过去的点时 间间,for+段时间段时间动词构成：动词构成：have/has+过去分词过去分词(-ed) have/has worked否定构成：否定构成：have/has not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问构成：一般疑问构
2、成： Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词?特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：What have you done recently? How long has he lived in Beijing?备注：暂时性动词不能与备注：暂时性动词不能与for, since,How long等等 表示段时间表示段时间 的短语同时使用。的短语同时使用。 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去过去某时发生的行为对某时发生的行为对主语主语目前目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。We are goo
3、d friends.(现在的情况）现在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系联系起来并起来并着眼于现在着眼于现在）She has been to Beijing.(现在已不在北京，从现在已不在北京，从结果结果上和现在联上和现在联系起来）系起来）She has been in Beijing for two years. （现在仍在北京，从（现在仍在北京，从时间时间上和现在联系上和现在联系起来）起来）现在完成时的三种基本用法：
4、现在完成时的三种基本用法：1、未完成未完成用法。表示动作或状态开始于用法。表示动作或状态开始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展，过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展，也可能刚刚结束。也可能刚刚结束。He has been in the army for ten years.I have studied English since 1980.He has lived here all his life.a.be,live,study都是延续性动词。都是延续性动词。b.常用的时间状语：常用的时间状语： since,for,in the past few years,so far, all his
5、life.2、反复性反复性用法，表示过去到现在这段时间用法，表示过去到现在这段时间内反复发生的动作。内反复发生的动作。I have been to the city twice this week.I have often wondered where she gets her money all these days.这种用法从时间上与现在发生了联系。这种用法从时间上与现在发生了联系。3、完成性用法，表示动作或状态到说、完成性用法，表示动作或状态到说话时已经完成，通常话时已经完成，通常所产生的结果所产生的结果把把过去的动作和状态和现在过去的动作和状态和现在联系联系起来。起来。 He has
6、gone to Shanghai.他已经去了上海。（结果：他已不在他已经去了上海。（结果：他已不在这儿，这儿，He is not here now.） Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A.where Alice had putB.where had Alice putC.where Alice has putD.where has Alice put使用现在完成时表示过去发生的使用现在完成时表示过去发生的“放放”的动作的动作对现在的影响，究竟金戒指现在对现在的影响，究竟金戒指现在“在哪里在哪里”。When I was at college I _ three
7、 foreignlanguages,but I _ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgottenB.spoke;have forgottenC.had spoken;had forgottenD.had spoken;have forgotten“但都忘了但都忘了”是现在的情况，要用现在完成时，强调结果。是现在的情况，要用现在完成时，强调结果。-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had beenC.
8、was D.will be“(for) only a few minutes”说明几分钟前来说明几分钟前来了这里，一直到现在。了这里，一直到现在。-_ the sports meet might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive toldC.Im told D.I told“被告知被告知”是过去的事，是过去的事，对现在的影响对现在的影响是是“我已知道我已知道”The price _,but I doubt whether it will remain so.A.went down B.wi
9、ll go downC.has gone down D.was going down 表示已发生的动作表示已发生的动作All the preparations for the task_,and were ready to start.A.completed B.completeC.had been completedD.have been completed过去的动作过去的动作“完成了准备工作完成了准备工作”，对现在的，对现在的影响是影响是“现在已准备出发了现在已准备出发了”。My dictionary _. I have looked for it everywhere but still
10、 _ it.A.has lost; dont findB.is missing; dont findC.has lost; havent foundD.is missing; havent found-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I _ here.A.was B. have beenC. came D. am coming-Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.-I _ it right here, but now its gone.A.did you put
11、; have putB.have you put; putC.had you put; have putD.were you putting; have put- Who is Jerry Cooper?- _? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Dont you meet him yetB.Hadnt you met him yetC.Didnt you meet him yetD.Havent you met him yetYou dont need to describe her. I _ her several time
12、s.A.had metB. have metC. metD. meetThe CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now表示一个事件在某个事件之表示一个事件在某个事件之前一直进行前一直进行,用于表达事件的用于表达事件的持续性持续性.You look hot and tired. Have you been exercising? Im sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long? -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.- I am tired. I
13、 _ the living room all day.A.painted B.had paintedC. have been paintingD. have paintedShe _ letters all morning and felt tired.A. has been writing B. writesC. has writtenD. had been writing-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes, thats why I _ to work by train.A.have been goingB.have goneC.was going toD.will have gone
