词汇搭配句和子成分.ppt

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1、第二章第二章 词汇搭配和句子成分词汇搭配和句子成分主讲主讲: 冯倩冯倩2008 年年 10月月5日日西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配1、固定词组（在词典中可以查到）、固定词组（在词典中可以查到） in a word, take place, take the place of, as a matter of fact, as usual, 西安电子科技大学Eva

2、luation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习习惯惯的的搭搭配配关关系系（会会出出现现在在词词典典的的例例句句中或各种文章中，望多观察）中或各种文章中，望多观察）（1）某些名词必须与特定的动词连用）某些名词必须与特定的动词连用 2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配提高质量提高质量raise the efficiency 提高能力提高能力提高警惕提高警惕improve the quality 提高效率提高效率increasei

3、mprove the abilityenhanceheighten ones vigilance 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系（1）某些名词必须与特定的动词连用）某些名词必须与特定的动词连用 2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配取得成就取得成就 进步进步 make achievements progress取得一致意见取得一致意见 reach complet

4、e agreement of views 取得教训取得教训 draw lessons 取得成功取得成功 取得同意取得同意 achieve success obtain the consent西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系（1）某些名词必须与特定的动词连用）某些名词必须与特定的动词连用 2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配作一分析作一分析 比较，研究比较，研究

5、作一介绍作一介绍 描述，说明描述，说明 give an introduction a description, an explanation make an analysis a comparison, a study 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配Laser beams are sent at the moon. Elec

6、trons are emitted at the screen（荧荧光屏）光屏）.（2）某些动词、形容词、名词要与特定的）某些动词、形容词、名词要与特定的介词连用介词连用 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系（2）某些动词、形容词、名词要与特定的）某些动词、形容词、名词要与特定的介词连用介词连用 2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配emitaimsendpointd

7、irectthrowshoot at 朝向朝向 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 某些名词前必须用特定的介词某些名词前必须用特定的介词 Radio waves travel in all directions At this temperature the metal melts. For this purpose To th

8、is end, we must try hard to scale the heights of science.西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配on a large scaleto a great extent degree, pointin a great measure 某些名词前必须用特定的介词某些名词前必须用特定的介

9、词 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 某些名词后必须要用特定的介词某些名词后必须要用特定的介词 They are attending a lecture a report, a conference on mobile communications（移动通讯）（移动通讯）. 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Cr

10、eated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 the answer key, solution to a problemthe preface to a book an exception to a rulethe current through a component the voltage across a component 某些名词后必须要用特定的介词某些名词后必须要用特定的介词

11、西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 名名词词与与介介词词的的一一种种常常见见而而有有用用的的搭搭配配模模式（注意其汉译法）式（注意其汉译法） (A 和和 B也是名词也是名词)名词名词 of A 介词介词 B西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.

12、5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 The advantage of TDMA over SCPC is that more ground stations can share（共享）（共享）a single satellite transponder（应答器）（应答器）. . 西安电子科技大学 Speed is defined as the ratio of distance to time. A、该该“名名词词”为为普普通通的的抽抽象象名名词词（

13、译译成成“AB的的 ”） Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 The effect influence; impact of temperature on upon the resistance of a semiconductor must be taken into account. 西安电子科技大学 The effectiveness（有

14、效性）（有效性）of this force depends only on the perpendicular distance of its line of action（作用线）（作用线）from the hinges（铰链；折叶）（铰链；折叶）. . Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配the superiority of A to B t

15、he similarity of A to B the relation(ship) of A to B 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.西安电子科技大学 B、该该 “名名 词词 ”来来 自自 于于 不不 及及 物物 动动 词词（“A”为为该该名名词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语；译译成成“AB的的 ”） 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 All conductors

16、 offer small resistance to the passage of electrons through them. (pass through) Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配西安电子科技大学 The control engineer is usually interested in the response of a co

17、ntrol system to unit step（单单位位阶阶跃跃）, ramp（斜斜坡坡）, and parabolic（抛抛物物） functions（函函数数）. （respond to ） Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. the deviation of A from B (deviate from) the interaction of A with B (interact with)

18、the projection of A on B (project on) 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配* 特殊情况：特殊情况：theincreasedecreaserisefallchangereductionin/of A with B“A随随B的的而而” 西安

19、电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配* 特殊情况：特殊情况： A gradual increase in resistance with speed is characteristic of friction between the boats bottom and the water.*西安电子科技大学Evaluation only

20、.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 The definition of electric current as a flow of charge is familiar to all of us. (define A as B) C、该、该“名词名词”来自于及物动词（来自于及物动词（“A”为为该名词的逻辑宾语；采用该名词的逻辑宾语；采用“动宾动宾”译法）译法） 西安电子科技

21、大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 In this case, exposure of the body to sunlight helps to overcome anemia（贫贫血血）and stimulate（刺刺激激）metabolism（新新陈陈代代谢）谢）. (expose A to B) 西安电子科技大学Evaluation

22、 only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 The resolution（分解）（分解）of a force into x- and y-components is possible. (resolve A into B) C、该、该“名词名词”来自于及物动词（来自于及物动词（“A”为为该名词的逻辑宾语；采用该名词的逻辑宾语；采用“动宾动宾”译法）译法） A compar

23、ison of Eq. (1 - 4) with Eq. (1 - 6) leads to the following relations. (compare A with B)西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配*注意以下形式：注意以下形式： What is the date of the discovery of Americ

24、a by Columbus? “ “名词（来自及物动词）名词（来自及物动词）of A（逻宾）（逻宾）by C（逻主）（逻主）”西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、习惯的搭配关系、习惯的搭配关系2 .1词汇搭配词汇搭配 The formulation（确确立立）of the theory of relativity（相相对对论论）by Einstein is one of the mo

25、st significant events of the 20th century. Niels Bohr, in 1913, first applied these ideas to the emission of light by atoms. 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分主主表表谓谓宾宾简单式简单式复合式复合式直接直接间接间接保留保留介宾介宾1、分类

26、、分类西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分1、分类、分类定定状状补补同位同位插入插入后置后置前置前置位置灵活位置灵活主补主补宾补宾补一个词的一个词的一个句的一个句的在主句中在主句中在从句中在从句中西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.

27、0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分2、同位语的位置及译法、同位语的位置及译法 （1）正常位置）正常位置 名词名词 直接跟直接跟用逗号分开用逗号分开用冒号分开用冒号分开用破折号分开用破折号分开用引导词或短语分开用引导词或短语分开同位语同位语 +西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 2、同位语的位置及译

28、法、同位语的位置及译法 The term “sensitivity”（ 灵灵 敏敏 度度 ）is often used in radio engineering. The word “radar” comes from RAdio Detection And Ranging. 译法：译法： 这个这个这一这一 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 2、同位语的位置及

29、译法、同位语的位置及译法 译法：译法：单独译成一句（一般有逗号分开时）单独译成一句（一般有逗号分开时） The rigid body（刚刚体体），a body with a perfectly definite and unchanging shape, is itself an idealized（理想化的）（理想化的）model. We cannot sense X-rays, a form of energy similar to visible light.西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 C

30、lient Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 2、同位语的位置及译法、同位语的位置及译法 Arithmetic（ 算算 术术 ）, the science of numbers, is the base of mathematics. The quiescent（ 静静 态态 的的 ）dc power dissipation（功功耗耗）in this case is typically 5 nW, an extremely small figure（数字）（数字）. The decibel（分分贝贝

31、）is one tenth of a bel, a unit named after Alexander Graham Bell. 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 2、同位语的位置及译法、同位语的位置及译法 译译法法： 译译成成“也也就就是是”或或用用破破折折号号引引出出 The above analysis describes the steady-sta

32、te（稳稳态态）condition of a circuit, the condition that prevail（盛盛行行；存存在在）after the circuit has been connected to the source for a long time. 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 2、同位语的位置及译法、同位语的位置及译法 This

33、chapter examines the properties of an important nonlinear（ 非非 线线 性性 的的 ）device, the diode rectifier（整流器）（整流器）. 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 2、同位语的位置及译法、同位语的位置及译法 An electroacoustic（电电声声）transdu

34、cer（传传感感器器）, the loudspeaker（扬扬声声器器）converts audio-frequency（音音频频）power into acoustic power. （2）特殊位置）特殊位置 主主语语的的同同位位语语处处于于主主语语前前（一一般般译译成成独立的一句；或译成独立的一句；或译成“作为作为”） 同位语同位语 ，主语，主语 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2

35、 .2 句子成分句子成分 2、同位语的位置及译法、同位语的位置及译法 A car noses up（车车头头抬抬起起）when it accelerates（加速）（加速）, a familiar effect. 一一个个句句子子的的同同位位语语处处于于句句子子末末尾尾（译译成成单独的一句）单独的一句） The current density（密密度度）in a wire carrying alternating current（交交流流电电）is not uniform（ 均均 匀匀 的的 ）over the cross section（横横截截面面）of the wire but is g

36、reater near the surface, a phenomenon known as “skin effect（集肤效应）（集肤效应） . ”西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 2、同位语的位置及译法、同位语的位置及译法 The resistance of a wire is indirectly proportional to（ 反反 比比 于于 ）t

37、he cross section, a fact that was verified（证证实实）experimentally by Ohm. * This yields an increase in resistivity（电电阻阻率率）, in agreement with observations. (可可看看成成在在逗逗号号后后省省去去了了“a fact that is”) 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 A

38、spose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 Living things too, it now seems certain, obey（遵遵循循）the laws of physics and chemistry. This book is, we hope, a concise（简简明明的的 ）introduction to communications systems. 3、插入句（即带有主谓结构的插入语，、插入句（即带有主谓结构的插入语，把它去掉后不会影响句子的结构和含义）把它去掉后不会影响句子的结构和含义） （1）在主句中）在主句中 西安电子科技大学Evaluation o

39、nly.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 1 1 , it was agreed, should be replaceable（可可替替代代的的）at will（随随意意地地）by 1. What, you may wonder, does 54/74 stand for? Potential energy, it is true, might not affect the sense of touch（触

40、触觉觉）in the same way as kinetic energy（动能）（动能）would. 3、插入句、插入句（1）在主句中）在主句中 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 The machine seems to do many tasks which one would have thought required intelligence（智力）（

41、智力）. Last year RCA demonstrated（展展示示）a new technique for a wall-hung TV that it was predicted would be on the consumer market “close to 1990.” 3、插入句、插入句（2）在从句中）在从句中 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分

42、 Chaplin（卓卓别别林林）was criticized for not being an American citizen（公公民民）and for his political views, which some people thought leaned（倾倾向向）toward communism（共产主义）（共产主义）. 3、插入句、插入句（2）在从句中）在从句中 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspo

43、se Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 One of the major problems which faced me in writing this book was “digesting”（消消化化）the vast（大大量量的的） literature（ 文文 献献 ）on computer-aided library systems and presenting（介介绍绍）it in what I hope is a clear and concise manner. 3、插入句、插入句（2）在从句中）在从句中 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created

44、 with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 Technology experts have a tendency to use their knowledge as a lever（手手段段）to get to what they feel is the right solution（解决方案）（解决方案）. 3、插入句、插入句（2）在从句中）在从句中 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with As

45、pose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 In this case a resistor of say 100 ohms may be connected across C2 . 3、插入句、插入句 （3）使用）使用“say = let us say”比如说比如说 或某些或某些特殊的特殊的“what 从句从句” Well-grounded students can absorb Chapters 4 and 5 in say three wee

46、ks. 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 The atomic number（原原子子序序数数）is equal to the number of electrons per atom or, what is equivalent, the number of protons（质子）（质子）per nucleus. 3、插入句、插入句 （3）使用）使用“say

47、 = let us say”比如说比如说 或某些或某些特殊的特殊的“what 从句从句” 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 .2 句子成分句子成分 what is more “而且；更有甚者而且；更有甚者” what is more important “更为重要的是更为重要的是” what is the same thing “换个说法换个说法” what is equivalent “或者说或者说” what amounts to the same thing “换换个个说法（也一样）；同样的是说法（也一样）；同样的是” 3、插入句、插入句 （3）使用）使用“say = let us say”比如说比如说 或某些或某些特殊的特殊的“what 从句从句” 西安电子科技大学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.