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1、英语句子的基本结构主语主语+谓语谓语1. be + 表语表语2. vt. + 宾语宾语3. vi. + / + 介词介词+ 宾语宾语+ 状语状语定语从句定语从句一、定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句：从句对主句起限制作用，从句必不可少。e.g. He is the man that I am looking for.2. 非限制性定语从句：从句对主句进行补充，用逗号隔开。e.g. This is the farm, where he used to live.二、定语从句的重要组成成分1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词。一般由名词或代词构成。“的”. (走在定语从句前面的词。)2. 连接词：连接定语
2、从句与主句。e.g. He is the man that I am looking for. 先行词 定语从句三、连接词（关系词）的作用1.连接：即连接主句与从句。2.替代：连接词替代先行词，即从句中不再出现先行词。3.作成分：连接词在从句中充当成分，即先行词所作的成分由连接词替代。e.g. He is the man that I am looking for. 宾语 四、连接词（关系词）的分类 关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、 定语。that/which/ who/whom/whose/as 关系副词： 状语 when/ where/ why 关系词关系词五、限制性定语从句中先行词主语（表语
3、）宾语定语(的)人who/that who/whom/that/省略whose/of whom物which/thatwhich/that/省略whose/of which注意：1. 主语、宾语、表语、定语，指的是从句中所缺的成分；2. 非限制性定语从句中，将上表的that去掉。而且，作宾语不能省略。3. whose +n. = the +n. +of which whose name = the name of whom练习：练习：1. Do you know the man _ name is Tom?2. He is not the man _ he was before.3. This
4、is the farm _ we visited yesterday.4. He is the student _ the teacher likes the best.5. This is the farm, _ we visited yesterday.六、定语从句中只能用that，不用which的情况1.先行词是不定代词（all, something, few, little, anything, few, little, much）。2.当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。3.当先行词既有人又有物时。4.当句中已经有who/which时。5.当先行词被the only,the very(恰
5、好，恰巧)，the same,the last修饰时。七、定语从句中只用which，不用that的情况1.非限制性定语从句中，只能用which。2.介词提前的时候（介词后面，表物只能用which，表人只能用whom）e.g. He is the student of whom the teacher is proud. 关系副词的用法1.在从句中作状语(关键是分析句子成分！)2. 表时间when， 表地点where, 表原因whye.g. I cant forget the day when I reached here.This is the farm where we worked bef
6、ore.区别关系代词与关系副词关键是分析定语从句中所缺的成分！I will never forget the days that we spent together.I will never forget the days when we met each other.介词+which1.关系副词可以用“介词+which”替换。根据从句中动词的搭配，来选择介词。e.g. This is the farm where I worked before.(I worked in the farm.)This is the farm in which I worked before.2. 介词+whi
7、ch 表人；介词+whom表物特殊用法1.the same as ; such ase.g. He is such a great teacher as all the students like.2. what = the thing(person) thate.g. 我不喜欢你说的那个人。I dont like what you talked about.I dont like the person that you talked about.3.在定语从句中：which/as可以指代整个句子（整件事情）。which 引导的从句，用于主句后。as 引导的从句，可置于主句前、后。as is
8、known to us, 正如我们所知的一样e.g. The earth is round, as is known to us.4. where 经常用于表示抽象的地点。e.g. Things have reached to a point where the police were called . (where 表示抽象的地点)what的用法What= 先行词+连接词即, what = the thing that(物) = the man that(人)e.g. 他就是我要找的人. He is the man that I am looking for. He is what I am looking for.做定语从句练习题的步骤：1.先找先行词，确定先行词是人还是物。2.再找定语从句。3.分析定语从句中所缺的成分。
