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1、Franklin D. RooseveltContentFranklin Delano RooseveltThe32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1933-1945)andacentralfigureinworldeventsduringthemid-20thcentury,leadingtheUnitedStatesduringatimeofworldwideeconomiccrisisandworldwar.TheonlyAmericanpresidentelectedtomorethantwoterms,heforgedadurablecoalitiontha
2、trealignedAmericanpoliticsfordecades.Background1882.1.30 born in Hyde Park in New York1900-1907 studying at Harvard and Columbia University working as a lawyer in New York1910 elected as the senator of New York1913-1920 appointed as the assistant secretary of the Navy 1921 paralyzed because of polio
3、 disease1928-1933 the governor of New York1932-1936 32th president, Roosevelts new deal1936-1940 33th president, continue dealing with new deal1940-1944 34th president, dealing with the World War 1944-1945 35th president1945.4.12 died of a cerebral hemorrhage.Disabled in body Strong in mindIn1921,at
4、theageof39,Rooseveltcontractedpolio(小儿麻痹症)whileonavacationinNovaScotia.Whatispolio?Polio,alsocalledinfantile paralysis, isanacute,viral,infectiousdiseasespreadfrompersontoperson.Disabled in body Strong in mindInthefallof1921:Decision:PoliticallifeRehabilitation(复原)processBackground:Duringthe1920s,di
5、sabilitywasfrownedupon.Oftendisabledfamilymemberswereputintoasylumsandbanishedfromthefamily.Thedisabledwerenotemployableandwereoftenremovedfromsociety.Disabled in body Strong in mindFDRbegantomoveuponthepoliticalladder.Morecitizensweresympathetictohisconditionratherthanembarrassed.FueledbyAmericas“g
6、oodcheer”andacceptance,FDRgainedmoreconfidenceinhispoliticalcareerandranforgovernorofNewYorkin1928.Hisdisabilitydidnotaffecthisvotesandasaresult,heheldthegovernorshipfortwotermsuntilhedecidedtorunforPresidentinthe1932electionIn1924,hesupportedNewYorkStateGovernorAlSmithintheDemocraticConventionThefi
7、rstpublicappearance:From then on,Disabled in body Strong in mindFDRusedaspecialwheelchairhedesignedhimself.In private Disabled in body Strong in mindIn publicUsingthecaneinsteadofwheelchairtoassureAmericathathewascapable.HeneverwantedAmericanstogettheimpressionthathewashelplessDisabled in body Stron
8、g in mindCharity work2.NationalFoundationforInfantileParalysis(Now,itsknownastheMarchofDimes)1.WarmSpringsFoundationDisabled in body Strong in mindDisabledornot,FDRbecamea symbol of strength and perseverance toAmericans,showingthemthat“Yougainstrength,courageandconfidencebyeveryexperienceinwhichyour
9、eallystoptolookfearintheface.Youareabletosaytoyourself,Ihavelivedthroughthishorror.Icantakethenextthingthatcomesalong.Youmustdothethingyouthinkyoucannotdo”Transformational Politician PresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltcametoofficein1933amidtheeconomiccalamityoftheGreatDepression,offeringthenationaNewDealin
10、tendedtoalleviateeconomicdesperationandjoblessness,providegreateropportunities,andrestoreprosperity.Inaugural address, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” 3 Goals of the New DealRelief: fortheneedy,providedjobsfortheunemployed,protectedfarmersfromforeclosureRecovery: economic,gettheecon
11、omybackintohighgearReform: financial,toregulatebanks,abolishchildlabor,conservefarmlandsFirst Hundred DaysMarch9June16,1933Congresspassedmorethan15 major pieces of New Deal legislationSignificantlyexpandedthefederalgovernmentsroleinthenationseconomyFireside chats radiotalksaboutissuesofpublicconcern
12、;explainedNewDeal;AmericansfeltlikeFDRwasspeakingdirectlytothemProhibition Repealed - 1933Inordertoraisegovernmentrevenuesbytaxingalcohol;21st AmendmentpassedImpact: The New DealGovernment responsibility:for the health, welfare, and security, as well as the protection and education of its citizensEx
13、tension of Democracy:defined the concept of democracy; it now included not only political rights but economic security and social justice as wellRevitalized politics:Reasserted presidential leadershipParties seen as vehicle for the popular will, instrument for effective action他推翻的先例比任何人都多，他砸烂的古老结构比任
14、何人都多，他对美国整个面貌的改变比任何人都要迅猛而激烈。然而正是他最深切地相信，美国这座建筑物从整个来说，是相当美好的。 -美国著名记者约翰逊 World War OnDecember7,1941,theJapaneseattackedtheU.S.PacificFleetatPearlHarbor,destroyingordamaging16warships,includingmostofthefleetsbattleships,andkillingalmost3000Americanmilitarypersonnelandcivilians.ItisatthistimeRooseveltg
15、avethefamous“InfamySpeech“(国耻演说).Withinanhourofthespeech,CongresspassedaformaldeclarationofwaragainstJapanandofficiallybroughttheU.S.intoWorldWarII.PeacefulWarriorCairo ConferenceRooseveltmetwithChurchillinlateDecemberandplannedabroadinformalalliancebetweentheU.S.,Britain,ChinaandtheSovietUnion(苏联).
16、TheaimofcrushingNaziGermanybetweentwofronts;andsavingChinaanddefeatingJapan.蒋介石，蒋介石，罗斯福和丘吉斯福和丘吉尔缔结同盟同盟 Cairo Declaration TheCairo DeclarationwastheoutcomeoftheCairoConferenceTheycovetnogainforthemselvesandhavenothoughtofterritorialexpansion.ItistheirpurposethatJapanshallbestrippedofalltheislandsinth
17、ePacificwhichshehasseizedoroccupiedsincethebeginningofthefirstWorldWarin1914,andthatalltheterritoriesJapanhasstolenfromtheChinese,suchasManchuria（满洲）,Formosa（台湾）,andThePescadores(澎湖列岛),shallberestoredtotheRepublicofChina.Tehran Conference RooseveltandChurchilltoldStalinabouttheplantoinvadeFrancein19
18、44,andRooseveltalsodiscussedhisplansforapost-warpeaceinternationalorganization the United NationsYalta Conference in1945The Big Three Allied leaders(Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill )About post-war planning1945.4.12 Roosevelt returned to the Hyde Park where he was born and stayed here forever. As lat
19、er said, “so ended an era, and so began another.” Allen Drury 一个一个时代以此而代以此而结束，另一个束，另一个时代以此而开始。代以此而开始。The Four FreedomFreedom of speechFreedom of worshipFreedom from wantFreedom from fear在在华盛盛顿的的富富兰克林克林罗斯福斯福纪念念馆里刻在里刻在墙上四大自上四大自由，由上而下是：言由，由上而下是：言论自由、信仰自由、免于自由、信仰自由、免于匮乏的自乏的自由、免于恐惧的自由由、免于恐惧的自由Famous Quot
20、esWe cannot always build the future for our youth , but we can build our youth for the future .我们不能总是为我们的青年造就美好未来，但我们能够为未来造就我们的青年一代。The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today .实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。Theonlythingweshouldfearisfearitself.我们唯一值得恐惧的就是恐惧本身Thank You for Listening!
