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1、repetitionrepetition大学商务英语大学商务英语解析解析I. Theoretical DiscussionGrammatically or rhetorically speaking, repetition of the same word, same expression and even the same structure in a sentence or a passage is more natural and idiomatic and thus much more frequent in Chinese than in English, though rhetor
2、ical or significant repetition can also be found in English.2024/8/15I. Theoretical Discussion不管是在英语还是在汉语里，句子重复使用词或词组都是存在的。英语往往是在修辞时才使用重复，一般情况下要避免重复。 但汉语则不仅在修辞时使用重复，而且在一般情况下也大量使用重复。重复是汉语一个明显的特点。不过，汉语里的重复不会给人单调乏味或啰嗦之感，相反可以增强文章的战斗力。这是英汉语言的重要差别之一。2024/8/15II. Question for DiscussionWhy do we need repet
3、ition in English-Chinese translation? 2024/8/151. A good play serves to educate and inspire the audience.2. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.3. Mr. Kirsch, having lost all his money by this time, followed his master out into the moonlight, where the illuminations were winking
4、 out. 4. The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of one hundred ordinary patients. 5. They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy. 6. Gentlemen may cry peace, peace, but there is no peace. 2024/8/151. A good play serves to educate and inspire the audience.一出好戏足以教育观众，鼓舞观众。
5、2. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.无知是羡慕的根源，也是恐惧的根源。3. Mr. Kirsch, having lost all his money by this time, followed his master out into the moonlight, where the illuminations were winking out. 基希先生这时输得两手空空，便跟着主人走出屋来；月光下，彩灯闪闪烁烁，渐渐灭了。2024/8/154. The doctor will get more practi
6、ce out of me than out of one hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践会比从一百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。5. They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy. 他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。6.Gentlemen may cry peace, peace, but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平，但依然没有和平。2024/8/15III.Purpose of RepetitionFor clarity For emphasi
7、s For vividness 2024/8/151. Clarity 重复名词a. 重复英语中作宾语的名词(1) We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 我们应学会如何分析问题，解决问题。(2) I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。2024/8/151. Clarity b. 重复英语中作表语的名词He became an oil baron - all by himself.他成了石油大王，一个白手起家的石油
8、大王。 2024/8/15c. 重复英语介词短语前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用介词，而将第二个，第三个介词前的名词省略，翻译时则往往要把此名词重复。 The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of one hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践会比从一百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。1. Clarity 2024/8/15d. 重复英语中作先行词的名词英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词（名词或代词），一方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系词，往往需要重复这个作
9、先行词的名词。英语中的同位语，在译文中有时也可以重复先行词。(1) The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on（征服，击败） him so often and so hard that there was little left.小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他而且整得很惨，简直把他整瘪了。1. Clarity 2024/8/15The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took
10、 off from “Shangri-la”, the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas.这位总统洋洋得意地宣称，这批飞机是从“香格里拉”起飞的，而“香格里拉”是一个虚构的喜马拉雅山中的世外桃源。1. Clarity 2024/8/15重复动词a. 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。(1) Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surpri
11、se, tension and easement. 毛主席是一位活动家，是原动力，是创造者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张和松弛而取得成就的战略大师。 (2)Reading exercises ones eyes; speaking, ones tongue; while writing, ones mind.读书开拓视野；说话开拓口才；写作开拓思维。1. Clarity 2024/8/15b. 英语句子中动词后有介词时，在第二次第三次往往只用介词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的介词。若英语中连介词也省略了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。(1)We talked of ourselves
12、, of our studies, of our prospects, of each other - of everything.我们谈到了自己，谈到了学习，谈到了前途，谈到了彼此的情况，谈到了一切。1. Clarity 2024/8/15But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. 可是他老婆不断地在他耳边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他的一家人都要毁在他的身上。1. Clarity 202
13、4/8/151. Clarity 重复代词a. 英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可按汉语的习惯重复其所替代的名词。In China, they made mistakes, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory.在中国，他们犯过错误，吃过错误的亏，承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利的方针。2024/8/151. Clarity b. 英语中用物主代词its, his, their, 等等以代替句中作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语）时， 翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语），以
14、达到明确具体的目的。Happy families also had their own troubles.幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。2024/8/151. Clarity c. 英语中强势关系代词或强势关系副词如whoever, whenever, wherever等等，翻译时往往使用重复法处理。Whoever works hard will be respected.谁工作努力，谁就会受到尊重。Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free.你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。2024/8/151.
15、 Clarity Wherever there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。2024/8/151. Clarity d. 英 语 用 someand others(some, others)连用的句子，译成汉语时主语往往是谓语重复形式的“的”字结构，有时也可以用“有的，有的”句式。Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.上大学的，上大学了，下乡的，下乡了。（=有的上大学了，有的下乡了。）2024/8
16、/151. Clarity e. 其它英语原文没有重复，汉译时采用一种在内容上而不是在形式上的重复的手段。He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men. 他想给他们增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。2024/8/152. Emphasis a. 英语中 有时重复关键性词汇，以示强调，译文可以采用相同的重复手段。 (1)Dead is the monarch, dead the servant who cringed before him, dead the city in which they dwelt.君
17、主死了，在他面前卑躬屈膝阿谀奉承的侍臣死了，他们居住的这个都城也死了。(2)Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。2024/8/152. Emphasis b. 英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以用同义词重复之。During their stay in Peking, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited Peking University and visited the Great Wall. 他们在北京逗留期间，拜访了几个老朋友，参观了北京大学，游览了长城。I know you hate
18、 me and I hate you, we had better part right now. 我知道你憎恨我，我也厌恶你，我们最好马上分手。2024/8/153. VividnessIn translating from English into Chinese, expressiveness can be heightened by reduplication of characters or words and repetition of words or expressions to achieve “结构美、均衡美、节奏美”.2024/8/153. Vividnessa. 运用两
19、个四字词组The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied.这些问题显然使得这位头脑迟钝的发言人感到意外，他立刻显得张口结舌，哑口无言。But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事已经闹得满城风雨，路人皆知了。2024/8/153. Vividnessb. 运用词的重叠(1)They drove in a black limousine, past grov
20、es of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings.他们驾着一辆黑色大轿车，经过一片片白桦林，穿过一排排鳞次栉比的新建筑。(2)Once he took up his pen, writings began pouring down. 他一动笔，就洋洋洒洒，一发难收。2024/8/153. Vividness(3)The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were selling and buying all kinds of things.路
21、上挤满了男男女女，他们熙熙攘攘，正在买卖各种各样的东西。(4)Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落的、冷冷淡淡的掌声。2024/8/153. Vividness(5)Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look.他在空房里来来回回地走动着，不时地停下来，四处摸一摸，看一看。2024/8/153. Vividnes
22、sc. 运用四字对偶词组 1. 惊心动魄 horrified2. 发号施令 to issue orders3. 远见卓识 far-sighted4. 惊天动地 earth-shaking5. 离乡背井to leave ones native land6. 土崩瓦解 disintegrated7. 称心如意 satisfactory 8. 唉声叹气 moan and groan2024/8/153. Vividness9. 挨门逐户from door to door10. 胡言乱语 to talk nonsense11. 奇装异服 outlandish clothes 12. 丰功伟绩 grea
23、t contributions 13. 感恩戴德 gratitude 14. 奇形怪状 grotesque 15. 粗心大意 careless 16. 流言蜚语 rumors 2024/8/153. Vividness(1)Whatever initial worries we had about the plane, it soon vanished.不管开始时我们对这架飞机有什么不放心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了。(2)The streets of New York were brilliant with moving men.纽约的大街上，人来人往，五光十色。2024/8/153. Vividness(3)If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，也是少数人伤心失意之时。(4)His children, too, were ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody. 他的孩子也穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，像没爹没娘似的。2024/8/15 LOGOThank You!结束结束
