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1、1that 与与 what 的区别：的区别：that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用，除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略；而除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略；而what在名词在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，而且作句子成分，如主性从句中不仅起连接作用，而且作句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不仅可以表示具体明确语、宾语、表语、定语等，不仅可以表示具体明确的的“的话的话(东西、人东西、人)”，还可以表示，还可以表示“的的时间、时间、的地点、的地点、的人、的人、的速度的速度”等内等内容。如：容。如：In some countries，what is call
2、ed “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.Tom is driving at what is thought to be a dangerous speed.【例例】_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.AWhat；what BWhat；that CThat；that DThat；what 【答案答案】A2whether 与与 if的区别：的区别：whether / if在所引导的名词性从句中的使用问题在所引导的名词性从句中的使用问题(1)只能使用只能使用wheth
3、erWhether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.(主语从句主语从句)The question is whether he should do it.(表语从表语从句句)The doctor can hardly answer the question whether the old man will recover soon.(同位语从同位语从句句)Were worried about whether he is safe.(介介词后后)I dont know whether to g
4、o.(不定式不定式)I didnt know whether or not she would come.(whether or not 连用用)(2)whether，if 两者都可两者都可I wonder if / whether it doesnt rain.(宾语从句从句)3who / whoever，what / whatever 等的区别：等的区别：一般说来，一般说来，what / who 等含特指意义，而等含特指意义，而 whatever，whoever 等含泛指意义。等含泛指意义。【例例】It is generally considered unwise to give a ch
5、ild _ he or she wants.Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwhenever【答案答案】B【例例】People are wondering _ murdered Justin.Awho BwhomCwhomever Dwhen【答案答案】A 4名词性从句与定语从句的区别：名词性从句与定语从句的区别：名词性从句没有先行词，而定语从句必须有先行名词性从句没有先行词，而定语从句必须有先行词。词。【例例】Changsha is _ I was born.Awhere Bin which Cat which Dfrom which【答案答案】A【例例】Cha
6、ngsha is the city _ I was born.Awhere Bin which Cat which Dfrom which【答案答案】A/B5“介词介词 who(m) ”引导的宾语从句和定语引导的宾语从句和定语从句从句“介词介词whom”：【例例】It was a matter of _ would take the position.Awho BwhoeverCwhom Dwhomever【答案答案】A。宾语从句介词后面的引导词用主格。宾语从句介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾语，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾还是宾语，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。语。【例例】There
7、are 60 students in our class，most of _ are boys.Awho Bwhom Cwhich Dthat【答案答案】B。most of whom为整体作从句的为整体作从句的主语，其中主语，其中whom 作作of的宾语。的宾语。6it 作形式主语或形式宾语：作形式主语或形式宾语：【例例】_is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.AThere BThisCThat DIt【答案答案】D【例例】He didnt make _ clear when and wher
8、e the meeting would be held.Athis Bthat Cit Dthese【答案答案】C 7引导词引导词 that 的省略：的省略：(1)可省：只有一个宾语从句可省：只有一个宾语从句(2)一般不可省：一般不可省：* 表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句* 两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句中，只有第一个两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句中，只有第一个宾语从句引导词宾语从句引导词 that 可省，后面的第二个，第三个可省，后面的第二个，第三个并列的宾语从句中引导词并列的宾语从句中引导词 that 不可省。不可省。I dont know (that) you
9、are a new comer.(宾语从句宾语从句)He told me (that) he would attend the international maths Olympic competition and that he was likely to win the gold medal.(两个宾语从句两个宾语从句)The reason why he was late was that he was caught in a bad traffic jam.(表表语从句从句)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make
10、him very rich.(同位同位语从句从句)Its a pity that you cant go with us.(主主语从句从句)【例例】Having checked the doors were closed，and _ all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom.Awhy Bthat Cwhen Dwhere【答案答案】B.中译英：中译英：1他通过了考试，这令我们很高兴。他通过了考试，这令我们很高兴。_2问题是汤姆是否能按时到达。问题是汤姆是否能按时到达。_3我们什么时候上交计划将在以后讨论。我们什
11、么时候上交计划将在以后讨论。_1That he passed the exam made us pleased./ It made us pleased that he passed the exam.2The question is whether Tom is able to arrive on time.3When we shall hand in the project will be discussed later. 4我不知道她什么我不知道她什么时候回来。候回来。_5他清楚地表明他不会屈服。他清楚地表明他不会屈服。_6我我们怀疑他是否能疑他是否能赢得比得比赛。_4I have no
12、 idea when she will be back.5He has made it clear that he will not give in.6We doubt whether he will win the game.7他出生在何他出生在何时何地何地还不知道。不知道。_8那个科学家下个星期那个科学家下个星期给我我们作作报告是真的告是真的吗？_9任何任何违法的人都要受到法的人都要受到惩罚。_10他他说过这篇文章很篇文章很难，我，我们必必须努力学努力学习。_7Where and when he was born has not been found.8Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?9Whoever breaks the law should be punished.10He said (that) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.
