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1、1 / 7 六年级期末复习 不定冠词(a/an)的用法 1. I would like to be a policeman. （职业前加“a”或“an”） 2. There is a beautiful garden behind the house.（翻译成中文， 有“一”的意思） 3. 习惯用语：have a good/great time, half an hour, tell a lie, make a (shopping) list, have a picnic, have a barbecue, have a healthy diet, have an unhealthy diet
2、, Thats a good idea. 等 定冠词 the 的用法 1. I have a cat and a dog. The cat is white and the dog is brown. （再次提到的人和物前） 2. Our classroom is on the third floor. （on + the+序数词+floor） 3. I play the piano every day. （乐器前面） 习惯用语: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, for the first time, Friends of t
3、he the earth, the environment, at the weekend, one on the left/right, the one in the middle, in the city, in the countryside, at the entrance 等 一般不用冠词的情况 1. What do you have for breakfast? （一日三餐前）2. We play football after school every day. (球类运动前) 固定词组：by train/motorcycle, on foot, at night, at noon
4、, watch TV, go to school, walk to school, be late for school, at weekends, start work, finish work, in class 等。 人称代词 主格 宾格 所有格 我(的) I me my 我们(的) we us our 你/你们(的) you you your 他(的) he him his 她(的) she her her 它(的) it it its 他们(的) they them their 主格：用作句子的主语 宾格：用在动词和介词后面 所有格：表示“的” 疑问代词 Wh- word meani
5、ng Question Answer What 什么 What do you do for Spring Festival? We have a New Years dinner together. Which 哪一个 Which would you like? Id like this yellow one. Where 哪里 Where is my pen? It is in the pencil case. Why 为什么 Why are you so happy today? Its my birthday! How 怎么样 How do you travel to school ev
6、ery day? By bus. We use How questions to ask for numbers or amounts. How meaning Question Answer How many 多少（可数） How many people are there? There are seven. How much 多少 (不可数) How much sugar do we need every day? Only a little. How much 多少钱 How much did you spend on the book? 35 yuan. 2 / 7 不定代词 1. S
7、ome 和 any 的用法 （1）some 用于肯定句，否定句或疑问句要改为 any （2）当疑问句希望得到肯定的回答，可以用 some e.g. There is some milk in the bottle. Would you like some? There isnt any milk in the bottle. May I have some? Is there any milk in the bottle? Shall we buy some? 2. few, a few, little, a little (1) We need _ ( a few, a little) fa
8、t every day. 重点一：few 和 a few 修饰可数名词，little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词 3. Hurry up! We have only _ ( a little, a few, little, few) time ! There are _ (a little, a few, little, few) spicy sausages in the fridge. Lets go and buy some. 重点四：a little, a few 表示“一点点”，肯定含义； little, few 表示“几乎没有”，否定含义。 固定搭配 only/still
9、 a little, only/ still a few 3. onethe other, someothers, others, each other (1) She is always kind to others. others=other people 别人 (2) They always help each other. each other 互相 (3) I have two sons. One lives in the USA, the other lives in Australia. onethe other 一个另一个（前提两个人或物） (4) Some students
10、like cartoons, others like science fiction. some, others 一些, 另一些 名词 1.可数名词( Countable Noun)的复数规则变化: A.一般情况 加+s e.g. toy-toys month-months coin-coins B.以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾 加+es e.g. classclasses boxboxes churchchurches brush-brushes dish-dishes C.以 f 或 fe 结尾 去 f 或 fe 改为 ves e.g. shelf-shelves knife-kni
11、ves wolf-wolves D.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 变 y 为 i ,再加 es e.g. city-cities country-countries lady-ladies (比较: day-days boy-boys) 2.可数名词的复数不规则变化 A. 以 o 结尾 e.g. potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes (比较: radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos kilo-kilos zoo-zoos kangaroo-kangaroos) B.单复同形 e.g. sheep-sheep deer-deer peopl
12、e-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese C.改变元音 e.g. man-men woman-women policeman-policemen postman-postmen businesswoman-businesswomen child-children mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese 可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达 与可数名词搭配的量词 与不可数名词搭配的量词 a few 一些(表示肯定) a little 一些(表示肯定) few (表示否定) little (表示否定) many
13、 许多 much 许多 与可数名词和不可数名词都可搭配的量词 a lot of (=lots of) 许多 plenty of 大量的 3 / 7 some 一些（用于肯定句） any 一些（用于否定句和疑问句） enough 足够的（用于名词之前） 数词 one-first two-second three-third four-fourth five-fifth six-sixth seven-seventh eight-eighth nine-ninth ten-tenth eleven-eleventh twelve-twelfth thirteen-thirteenth fourte
14、en-fourteenth fifteen-fifteenth sixteen-sixteenth seventeen-seventeenth eighteen-eighteenth nineteen-nineteenth twenty-twentieth thirty-thirtieth forty-fortieth fifty-fiftieth sixty-sixtieth seventy-seventieth eight-eightieth ninety-ninetieth hundred-hundredth 钟的表示 在 7:15 at a quarter past seven / a
15、t seven fifteen 在 8:30 at half past eight/ at eight thirty 在 11:45 at a quarter to twelve / at eleven forty-five 在 1:58 at two (minutes) to two / at one fifty-eight 半小时之内（包括半小时）常用介词 past, 半小时之后用介词 to。 形容词和副词的用法及位置 在名词前作定语 在系动词后作表语 1.We should have_ a healthy diet. (health) 1.He became very angry (an
16、grily). 2. I like the lovely baby very much.( love) 2.Chillies taste spicy (spice). 形容词作宾语补足语 keep/ make +sb./sth. +adj. 1. We should keep the room _(clean). clean 2. This bad news made him_(happy). unhappy 形容词的位置和成分: 1.在名词前作定语 2.在系动词后作表语 3.作宾语补足语（keep, make) How do we get adverbs? complete complete
17、ly add ly heavy heavily for adjs ending in y, change y to i and add ly good 形容词比较级的拼写规则 音节 原级 比较级 拼写规则 单 音 tall taller 一般的词+er widely wide + ly especially especial + ly extremely extreme + ly completely complete + ly truly true + ly really real + ly closely close + ly quietly quiet + ly immediately
18、immediate + ly excitedly excited + ly adv. adj. + ly well 4 / 7 节 词 safe safer 以e结尾的词+r fat big thin hot red wet fatter bigger thinner hotter redder wetter 以重读闭音节结尾 双写最后辅音字母+er 形容词比较级的拼写规则 音节 原级 比较级 拼写规则 双 音 节 词 healthy healthier 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,去y 为变i+er easy easier careful more careful 以-ful, less,
19、 ing, ed, ly, ive, able等后缀结尾的词前加more 多音 节词 difficult more difficult 前加more 不规则变化 bad/ ill- worse good -better many /much -more little -less 形容词比较级的常用结构： 1) than 2) A or B? e.g. The book is heavier than that one. e.g. Which is bigger, the sun or the moon? 形容词的同级比较 1）as +原级+ as: 和一样 e.g. Peter is as t
20、all as Mike. This shirt is as cheap as that one. 2）“不如” not as +原级+as not so+原级+as less+原级+ than e.g. My room is not as/so big as your room. My room is less big than your room. 原级、比较级之间的转换 Tom isnt as tall as Sandy. =Tom is _ _Sandy. shorter than =Sandy is _ _Tom. taller than not so/asas - 比较级 than
21、辨析：介词in, on, at 地点：in+大地点 e.g. in Beijing/ China on +岛屿 e.g. on Lucky Island at +小地点 e.g. at the bus-stop at the airport 时间:in + 年份/季节/月份 e.g. in 2012/spring/May on + 具体某天/具体某天的某个时段 e.g. on Saturday / on Monday morning at + 钟点 e.g. at six oclock in + 一个被包围的空间 “在里” in the Arts and Crafts room 在美术劳技教室
22、里 in the hall 在大厅里 in the Music room 在音乐教室里 on the + 序数词 + 楼层 “在楼上” on the second floor 在三楼 on Lucky Island 在幸运岛上 at + 较小的地方 “在” at the entrance 在入口处 at the airport 在机场 at the bus-stop 在车站 5 / 7 其它介词（固定搭配） ： 1. get sth. from sb. 从某人那里得到某物 far away from 远离 2. I usually go shopping with her. 与某人一起 sha
23、re sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 help sb. with sth. 在方面帮助某人 3. be late for 迟到; for the first time 第一次 wait for等待 cook food for people 为人们烧吃的 make sth. for sb./buy sth. for sb. 为某人买/做某物 4. be kind/friendly/helpful to sb. 对某人 sell things to people 买东西给人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物 5. look at 看着; l
24、ook for 寻找; look after 照顾 listen to 听着 6. get to spl. 到达某地 =arrive in/at spl. 7. by bus/car/ferry/underground on foot on the bus/ underground/ train in a car/ taxi 8. on the/ones way to spl. 在某人去某地的路上 on ones way here/there/home 9. in the classroom, on the road, in the library, in the park, walk on
25、the grass, run across the road, on the left/right , in the middle of, in the shopping centre 10. have sth. for breakfast/lunch/dinner in the supermarket/market in the frozen food section at the fish stall 11. all kinds of + 名词复数 各种各样的 different kinds of + 名词复数 多种多样的 连系动词 感官动词：taste, look, sound, fee
26、l, smell + adj. become(变得) + adj. She looks happy. Your idea sounds wonderful. He became fit and healthy. e.g. Jimmy made a mistake, his father looked _ and his mother looked _ at him. (angry) 常用情态动词 can, may, must, need, shall, will, should 等，后面跟动词原形。 can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为“能，会，可以” ；cant意为“不会，不能，
27、不可以” 。 may 表示允许、也许，意为“可以，也许，可能” 。对may的一般问句的回答，肯定回答 是：Yes, please. /Certainly. /Sure.等。否定回答是：No，you cant. / No, you may not. must 表示必须要做的事，意为“必须，应该” ，具有强制性。否定形式must not或mustnt。must一般问句的肯定回答 用Yes, you must.否定回答用No, you neednt. shall, will用来征求对方意见，也可以用于一般将来时。shall只用于第一人称，will适用于所有人称。 should 为shall 的过去式
28、，有“应该”的意思，但语气比must 弱，不具有强制性。 Need的用法 1)情态动词（用法与can, must, should一致） 肯定： need do sth. （need不随人称变化） 否定：neednt do sth. 一般疑问： Needdo sth.? 回答： Yes, need. (No, neednt. e.g. Mike need review his lessons every day. You neednt worry about him. He can do it well. Must I do homework now? No, you neednt. 2) 实义
29、动词： 肯定： need to do sth. need sth. 否定：dont need to do dont need sth. 6 / 7 一般疑问：Doneed to do? Doneed sth? 回答： Yes, do. Yes, do. No, dont. No, dont. e.g. He needs to buy some food for the picnic. We dont need any money. Did he need to come? 试一试： 1.Simon needs to take a bus to school. （否定句） Simon doesn
30、t need to take a bus to school. 2. They need some eggs to make a cake. （一般疑问句） Do they need any eggs to make a cake? 3. Students need preview their lessons before class. （否定句） Students neednt preview their lessons before class. 四种时态 一般现在时： 1)肯定句： I usually go shopping with her. 频率 副词 We often go sho
31、pping together. always adv.总是 Alice always goes shopping. usually adv.通常 2) 否定句：I dont always go shopping. often adv.经常 They dont always go shopping. sometimes adv.有时 Mike doesnt always watch TV. seldom adv. 很少，几乎不 3) 一般疑问句：Do you/ the boys always go shopping? never adv. 从不 Does Linda always go shop
32、ping 这些频率副词通常用来描述平时做的有规律的事情，用一般现在时。 现在进行时 (标志词 now, these days, Look! Listen! Be careful! Look out! Watch out! Be quiet或根据上下文) 一、用法 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 Were learning English now. 二、构成 肯定句：主语+ am/are/is +doing. 否定句：主语+ am/are/is+ not +doing. 疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+ doing? 一般将来时 (be going to + V.) (标志：tomorro
33、w, the day after tomorrow, soon, next week, in 2015, in the future, in + 时间段) 用法：表示“打算”、“准备”在最近做某事 结构： （肯定句）主语+am/is/are going to +动词原形. e.g. I am going to put it on the floor. （否定句）主语+am/is/are not going to +动词原形. e.g. He is not going to paint the bookcase tomorrow. （疑问句） Am/Is/Are+主语+ going to +动词
34、原形? e.g. Are you going to come back tomorrow? 一般将来时will will do sth.= be going to do sth. 将要做某事 肯定： 主语+will+动词原形 否定： 主语+wont / will not +动词原形 一般疑问： Will+主语+动词原形? Yes, will. / No, wont. e.g. He will have a meeting tomorrow. 一般过去时的结构 标志词Yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening) last night (wee
35、k, month, year) (two days, a week, three years ) ago in 1990 (1998) in the past just now 陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它 I cleaned the room yesterday. 7 / 7 否定句：主语+助动词didnt+动词原形+其它 I didnt clean the room yesterday. 一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它 Did you clean the room yesterday? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. 现在完成时：the Present
36、Perfect Tense It has been a long and tiring day today. 肯定：主语+have/has + 动词过去分词 It hasnt been a long and tiring day today. 否定：主语+have/has not+ 动词过去分词 Has it been a long and tiring day today? 疑问：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？Yes, it has./No, it hasnt. 现在完成时可用来表示： 1、过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。 A: Mum, have you bought any ga
37、rlic? B: Yes, I have. A: Where did you buy it? B: In the market, at the vegetable store. A: How much was it? B: It was five yuan. 2. already和just用于肯定句中，yet用于否定句和疑问句中。 A: Has Mum been to the flower market yet ? B: Yes, she_has already/just been to the flower market. (No, she hasnt bought any frozen f
38、ood yet.) Has she bought much frozen food yet? It has been dead for a couple of days. How long has it been dead ? It has been dead since a couple of days ago. How long has it been dead ? 结论：for + 时间段 since + 时间点 how long 动词不定时to do 1.tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人（别）做某事 2. promise (not) to do sth. 保证
39、（不）做某事 3. would like to do =want to do 想要做某事 4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 5. How long does it take sb. to do sth.? 6. Lets buy some jam to spread on the bread. 使役动词：let/make sb. do sth. 补充： Shall we do sth.? Why not do sth.? 应答句 1.表示建议的句型： 1.Lets do sth. 让我们来做某事吧。 2.What/ How about n./doing?
40、 怎么样？ 3.Shall we do sth.? 我们吧？ 4.*Why not + V.? 肯定回答：Thats a good idea. 2. A：Thank you very much. B: Not at all./You are welcome./Thats all right. 3. Would you like some? 你要（吃/喝）吗？ - Yes, please. / No, thanks. 4. Would you like to be a doctor? - Yes, I would. /No, I wouldnt. 5. Would you like to play games with us? - Yes, Id like/love to. / No, thanks. Im afraid Im busy now.
