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1、春晓孟浩然春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。夜来风雨声，花落知多少？nA Spring MorningI awake light-hearted this morning of spring,Everywhere round me the singing of birds. But now I remember the night, the storm,And I wonder how many blossoms were broken?nHemostasis n. 止血（法）nUrinalysis n.尿分析（法）nSerology n.血清学nImmunology n.免疫学nVirology n.
2、 病毒学nParasitology n.寄生虫学nMycology n. 真菌学，霉菌学nErythrocyte n. 红细胞nPlatelet n. 血小板nPlasma n. 浆，血浆nMorphology n. 形态学nHemophilia n. 血友病nElectrolyte n. 电解质nMedium n. 介质，培养基nFungal n. 真菌的，霉菌的nRubella n.风疹nSodium n. 钠nPotassium n. 钾nPotassemia n. 高钾血(症)nAntimicrobial n.抗微生物的/抗菌的（药） nStool n. 粪便nHepatitis n.
3、 肝炎nPathogen n. 病原体，致病菌nMycobacteriology n. 分支杆菌学nHemoglobin n. 血红蛋白nHematology n. 血液学nSwab n. 药签nAnticoagulant n. 抗凝（血）药，抗凝的nTherapy n. 治疗，疗法nMaintenance n. 维护，保持nManual n. /a.手工的，手册nProtocol n. 治疗或实验方案nPhlebotomist n. 抽血人员nCytotechnologist n. 细胞学技术专家nHistology n. 组织学nMalignancy n. 恶性（肿瘤）nInflammat
4、ory n. 炎性的nBiopsy n. 活组织检查Lesson 4 Places of Employmentntoxicologytkskldin. 毒理学，毒物学nforensic frnsk,-zk n. 法医的，法庭的nSalmonella slmnl n. 沙门菌属nShigella gln. 志贺菌nrabies rebiz n. 狂犬病ntestkit n. 测试盒nReagent riednt n. 试剂n The most common place for laboratory professional to work is in the hospital, but ther
5、e are many opportunities for CLSs/CLTs to apply their knowledge and training. Table 1-1 shows the traditional roles of the CLS and also outlines some of the different career opportunities that now available to graduate.nThe CLS or CLT may work in a reference laboratory that is not associated with a
6、hospital.1.reference laboratory: 参考实验室，标准实验室参考实验室，标准实验室2.附附属属医医院院：The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University3. Affiliated Hospitals and Clinical CentersnTufts塔夫茨Medical Center is the major teaching hospital of Tufts University School of Medicine. It is a private, not-for-profit hosp
7、ital with more than 450 beds. Located in downtown Boston, across from the medical school and next to the theater district.nIn these facilities, a large number and variety of tests are performed on specimens that come from other laboratories or clinics or from many parts of the city or country.nSome
8、of these tests are routinely requested test such as a complete blood test (CBC) or glucose level. In addition, special tests done in only a few laboratories throughout the country may be sent to reference laboratories.n C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are the routin
9、ely requested tests.Complete Blood Count The Complete Blood Count (CBC) test is an automated count of the cells in the blood. A standard CBC includes the following:nWhitebloodcell(WBC)countnWhitebloodcelldifferentialnRedbloodcell(RBC)countnHemoglobinnHematocritnplateletcountnMeancorpuscularvolume(MC
10、V)nMeancorpuscularhemoglobin(MCH)nMeancorpuscularhemoglobinconcentration(MCHC)nRedcelldistributionwidth(RDW) nPublic health laboratories are another employment sites for the CLS, categorical practitioner or specialist. The focus of these laboratories is the identification and tracking of diseases th
11、at are a risk to the publics health.nIdentification： adentfken鉴定，识别；验明nThis may involve identification of organisms spread by fecal contamination of water or by insects. nfecal: fi:kl 粪便的，排泄物的 Transmission of Norwalk virus is through the fecal-oral cycle. 诺瓦克病毒的传染是通过粪口循环。nFor example, if there is a
12、suspected outbreak of food poisoning, the public health lab would help identify Salmonella or Shigella that are common causative agents.n界 ( Kingdom）、门( Phylum)、纲 (Class)、目 (Order)、科( Family)、属( Genus)、种 (Species)nThese laboratories are also serve as reference laboratories for hospital, perform test
13、s to detect antibodies against uncommon organisms such as the agent that cause Lyme disease, and confirm the presence of rabies in animals.Lyme：莱姆病 e.g. Lyme disease can affect multiple body systems and produce a range of symptoms.nPublic health laboratories may receive water, milk and environmental
14、 samples for detection of chemicals, bacteria, or other agents that may be a source of harm to the public.nSome CLSs have an interest in research. There are opportunities in medical research laboratories, industrial laboratories and laboratories that develop equipment or testkits/reagents for clinic
15、al laboratory use.nCLSs also work in less traditional work settings such as in veterinary offices, in laboratories of large marine amusement parks, in forensics laboratories associated with the medical examiner or state police, or in industrial testing or food testing laboratories.nVeterinary： vtrnr
16、i 兽医nThe emphasis on meeting federal and accrediting agency requirements (认证机构的要求相符) has created a need for those with knowledge of the laboratory to be inspectors.nGraduates of CLS programs may choose to get advanced degress in a scientific discipline, in management or in education. Some also go on
17、 to medical or dental school. The broad, general scientific background of the CLS is an excellent knowledge base for any of these professional programs.陈维益陈维益 ( (主编主编) )上海科学技术出版社上海科学技术出版社 nNow, two companies say they have done that for people just starting treatment for H.I.V., the _ that causes AID
18、S. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. nIn January the New England Journal of Medicine published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its effectiveness to that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir contains two drugs, AZT and 3TC. The resea
19、rchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed H.I.V. levels in more patients and with fewer _ effects. lesson 4n布鲁杆菌病是一种在家畜中流行并对人类布鲁杆菌病是一种在家畜中流行并对人类也有传染性的疾病也有传染性的疾病, ,可以通过测定病人血清可以通过测定病人血清中布鲁杆菌抗体来检测该病。中布鲁杆菌抗体来检测该病。n临床检验人员通过尿样标本的测试来确定临床检验人员通过尿样标本的测试来确定是否存在尿道感染或肾脏的损伤。是否存在尿道感染或肾脏的损伤。
