短文改错课件

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1、短文改错短文改错高考复习高考复习短文改错题出现在短文改错题出现在NMET试题的第二卷中，通常是试题的第二卷中，通常是150词词左右的短文，属于主观试题客观考查的综合性高层次试题。左右的短文，属于主观试题客观考查的综合性高层次试题。成为成为NMET试题中重要题型之一。它所考查的范围都属典试题中重要题型之一。它所考查的范围都属典型、常见的病句，很少出现偏、难、怪句。它仍是历年高型、常见的病句，很少出现偏、难、怪句。它仍是历年高考考NMET试卷失分率较高的题型。同学们在解短文改错题试卷失分率较高的题型。同学们在解短文改错题时，在通读全文，弄清文章主旨及体裁特点的基础上，应时，在通读全文，弄清文章主旨

2、及体裁特点的基础上，应注意每行中的关键词和关键结构。由于这个词或这个结构注意每行中的关键词和关键结构。由于这个词或这个结构的存在，人们在运用语言时常常出错，而命题者也往往在的存在，人们在运用语言时常常出错，而命题者也往往在这里设出错考查。所以同学们应注意以下常见解题技巧。这里设出错考查。所以同学们应注意以下常见解题技巧。一一 “ “短文改错短文改错”题中的常见错误题中的常见错误: :( (一一) ) 时态时态 语态方面的错误语态方面的错误 这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态态 主动语态与被动语态的误用主动语态与被动语态的误用 做题时做题时, ,应注意把握文中动词时应

3、注意把握文中动词时态态的呼应规律的呼应规律, ,注意把握诸个并列动词的时态注意把握诸个并列动词的时态 语态的语态的呼应规律呼应规律 例如例如:1. (NMET 2006) We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.2. (2006天津天津) Today, I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.3. (2006四川四川) We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “Were

4、 having dinner .”4. (2006湖北湖北) . sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.5. (2006陕西陕西) Ill send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.6. (2006安徽安徽) . but you are not permit to take them out. hadadmitted去掉wasneededarrivepermitted(二二) ) 主谓一致方面的错误主谓一致方面的错误 这类错误主要指主语是第三这

5、类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时人称单数时, ,谓语动词形式的错误谓语动词形式的错误 因此做题时因此做题时, ,要注意谓语动词的要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致保持一致 例如例如1. (2006四川四川) “I just want to know what the sign say.”2. (2006安徽安徽) Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.3. (2006山西山西) Here are the information about Manchester University.4. (2006山东

6、山东) What may surprise you are that Im going to .sayswishesisis ( (三三) ) 名词方面的错误名词方面的错误 名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用的误用, ,可数名词与不可数名词的错误可数名词与不可数名词的错误, ,名名词所有格中词所有格中“s”s”的误置等的误置等 例如例如:1. (NMET 2006) He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.2. (2006四川四川) In summer, the sea under the bl

7、ue skies is even more beautiful.3. (2006山东山东) . youve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life.4. (2006辽宁辽宁) . but she marked strictly on students actual performance .5. (2006福建福建) If you have interests in it, reply to me soon.ideaskywayStudentsinterest ( (四四) ) 冠词方

8、面的错误冠词方面的错误 这类错误多指这类错误多指a(na(n) )与与thethe的误用的误用, a, a与与anan的误用的误用 有时也表现为有时也表现为: :单数可数名单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词, ,不该不该用冠词的地方多了冠词用冠词的地方多了冠词 例如例如:1. (NMET 2006) An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784.2. (2006辽宁辽宁) . the popular te

9、acher is at same time the one who should be strict with .3. (2006广东广东) And if he breaks the law of society ., he may go to the prison. 4. (2006福建福建) . so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.5. (2006重庆重庆) With coming of spring, grass and trees turn green. a balloonthe s

10、ametheathe coming/ ( (五五) ) 非谓语动词方面的错误非谓语动词方面的错误 这类错误多指这类错误多指v-ingv-ing与动词不定与动词不定式之间的误用式之间的误用, ,现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词之间的误用之间的误用 例如例如:1. (NMET 2006) The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon .2. (2006天津天津) I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. 3. (2

11、006福建福建) How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill. 4. (2006陕西陕西) Ill send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport. keepingbecomejoiningto meet ( (六六) ) 连词方面的错误连词方面的错误 这类错误多指这类错误多指and, so, or, butand, so, or, but之之间的误用间的误用; while; while与与when, howeverwhen, however与与thereforetheref

12、ore之间的误用之间的误用 例如:1. (NMET 2006) It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.2. (2006天津) I became very active but made new friends.3. (2006重庆) My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.4. (2006重庆) While they find fish come to the surface, they fly d

13、own immediately.5. (2006陕西) Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.6. (2006辽宁) He and she should make the class very active by joking with the students.ButandandWhenandor( (七七) ) 形容词形容词 副词方面的错误副词方面的错误 这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词容词, ,误用副词修饰名词误用副词修饰名词, ,误用形容词误用形容词修饰动词修饰动词, ,误用形容词或副词的原

14、级误用形容词或副词的原级 比较级和最高级以及误用带比较级和最高级以及误用带- -lyly的副的副词与不带词与不带- -lyly的副词等的副词等 例如例如:1. (NMET 2006) They came back lately and had some tea.2. (2006天津天津) . you always gave me specially attention .3. (2006重庆重庆) . they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.4. (2006江西江西) Yes, it is clearly that your l

15、ife in your country is quite different from .5. (2006陕西陕西) I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.6. (2006辽宁辽宁) Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.7. (2006浙江浙江) I hope that you think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly.8. (2006山东山东)

16、We could chat about the good older days.latespecialimmediatelyclearparticularlymostpossibleold ( (八八) ) 介词方面的错误介词方面的错误 这类错误多指漏掉介词这类错误多指漏掉介词 多用多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等 例如例如:1. (NMET 2006) The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised .2. (NMET 2006) He was looking for a

17、glass the cupboard.3. (2006重庆重庆) After autumn arrives, the city looks as an old man with leaves .4. (2006广东广东) . he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes .5. (2006四川四川) On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street.6. (2006浙江浙江) Could you share your experience

18、 for us?7. (2006安徽安徽) You are limited in a certain number of books.8. (2006湖北湖北) My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.forinlikeforAtwithtoof ( (九九) ) 代词方面的错误代词方面的错误 这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用名词性物主代词的误用, ,关系代词关系代词 连接代词连接代词的误用的误用, ,代词主格与代词宾格的误用代词主格与代词宾格的

19、误用, ,代词单代词单数与代词复数的误用数与代词复数的误用, ,各个不定代词之间的各个不定代词之间的误用误用, ,反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用, ,代词代词的指代错误等的指代错误等 1. (NMET 2006) . the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves. 2. (2006重庆重庆) A lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long . 3. (

20、2006广东广东) If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, they will go hungry. 4. (2006安徽安徽) You may keep the books for several weeks so that you can have enough time to finish it. 5. (NMET 2006) I just smiled to me and thought . 6. (2006天津天津) On the first day of c

21、amp, you came up to myself while I was sitting alone. 7. (2006江西江西) . your life in your country is quite different from me. 8. (2006福建福建) Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting. theirTheyhethemmyselfmeminewhich二二 解题技巧解题技巧 要想做好要想做好“短文改错短文改错”题题, ,不妨试试分成不妨试试分成“四步走四步走”, ,遵循遵循“四原则四原则”, ,实施实施“四查

22、法四查法” 具具体做法如下体做法如下: : ( (一一) ) 分成分成“四步走四步走” 1. 1. 通读全文通读全文, ,了解大意了解大意 注意语篇结构和行注意语篇结构和行文逻辑文逻辑 不能在不了解文章大意的情况下不能在不了解文章大意的情况下, ,逐字逐字逐行地进行修改逐行地进行修改 2. 2. 先易后难先易后难, ,缩小范围缩小范围 在通读全文的过程在通读全文的过程中中, ,可以先把文中明显的错误找出来改正可以先把文中明显的错误找出来改正, ,然后然后再根据具体语境再根据具体语境, ,仔细分析判断仔细分析判断, ,将注意力集中将注意力集中在较难的句子上在较难的句子上 3. 3. 把握句意把握

23、句意, ,逐行判断逐行判断 可依据可依据“动词形动词形, ,名词数名词数, ,注意形和副注意形和副; ;非谓动词细辨别非谓动词细辨别, ,习惯用习惯用法要记住法要记住; ;句子结构多分析句子结构多分析, , 逻辑错误须关注逻辑错误须关注”的口诀行事的口诀行事 4. 4. 再次通读再次通读, ,复查验证复查验证 把大部分错误改把大部分错误改正之后正之后, ,如果还有拿不准的地方如果还有拿不准的地方, ,就应再次通就应再次通读全文读全文, ,并利用语感来作最后的判断并利用语感来作最后的判断 纵观近几年的纵观近几年的“短文改错短文改错”题题, ,正确的地正确的地方一般只有一处方一般只有一处; ;多词

24、和缺词的地方约有多词和缺词的地方约有3 3处处; ;用错词的地方一般有用错词的地方一般有6 6个个, ,且多为动词且多为动词 这种比这种比例或许也能帮助你作出最后判断例或许也能帮助你作出最后判断 ( (二二) ) 遵循遵循“四原则四原则” 1. 1. 改动处以最少为原则改动处以最少为原则 “短文改错短文改错”题要求每行只能改动一题要求每行只能改动一处处, ,改动的方法可以是增词改动的方法可以是增词 删词或换词删词或换词, ,但无论作何种改动但无论作何种改动, ,只能是增加一词只能是增加一词 减少减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词一词或把一个词改成另一个词 当然当然, ,没有没有错误的行无需改动错误

25、的行无需改动 也就是说也就是说, ,每行改动之每行改动之处不能超过一个处不能超过一个 2. 虚词以添加或删除为原则虚词以添加或删除为原则 历年的历年的“短文改错短文改错”题中需要添加或删题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有除的地方差不多有3至至4处处 这些需要添这些需要添 删删的词一般都是虚词的词一般都是虚词(如冠词如冠词 介词等介词等),不是实不是实词词(如动词如动词 名词等名词等),否则会改变句子的原意否则会改变句子的原意 例如例如: They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early . (删去删去that)

26、He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (the前面加前面加in) 3. 3. 实词以改变词形为原则实词以改变词形为原则 在在“短文改错短文改错”题中题中, ,一般只是改变实词的一般只是改变实词的形式形式, ,而不能改变实词的词义而不能改变实词的词义, ,也不能将其改换也不能将其改换成另一个实词成另一个实词, ,更不能随便增删更不能随便增删 例如例如: : The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . (把把keeps改为改为keeping) Yes, it is

27、 clearly that your life in your country is quite different from . (把把clearly改为改为clear) 4. 4. 以保持句子原意不变为原则以保持句子原意不变为原则 做做“短文改错短文改错”题时题时, ,一般不应改变句子一般不应改变句子原意原意 改错时改错时, ,应该针对短文中的用词错误应该针对短文中的用词错误 语法错误语法错误 逻辑错误加以改正逻辑错误加以改正, ,不应大幅度不应大幅度更改作者的原意更改作者的原意 ( (三三) ) 实施实施“四查法四查法” ” 1. 1. 左顾右盼查名词左顾右盼查名词 考生应注意搜寻名词之

28、前及其本身出现的错考生应注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误误, ,还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词? ?该用何种限该用何种限定词定词? ?尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况 当名词前当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意 例如例如: : (2006浙江浙江) Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. (把把 knowledges改为改为knowledge) 2. “语语(态态)” “时时(态态)”俱进查动词俱进查动词 考生应认真分析动词时态考生应认真分析动词时态

29、 语态的使用是语态的使用是否正确否正确 尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息息,仔细推敲仔细推敲,从而选用正确的动词时态形式从而选用正确的动词时态形式 例如例如: (2006天津天津) I gained so much confidence that I go back to school . (把把go改为改为went) 3. 3. 启承转合查连词启承转合查连词 若要使文章结构严谨若要使文章结构严谨, ,应在文中使用各应在文中使用各种启承转合的连词种启承转合的连词 这些连词能使文章在结这些连词能使文章在结构上和意义上通顺流畅构上和意义上通顺流畅 例如例如: : It

30、 started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. (把把So改改为为But) 4. 文通理顺查逻辑文通理顺查逻辑 “文通文通”指行文合乎英文词法指行文合乎英文词法 句法句法;“理顺理顺”指指行文逻辑符合人们普遍认可的道理行文逻辑符合人们普遍认可的道理 例如例如: (NMET 2006 , 80) The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up. (把第二个把第二个up改为改为down) 总

31、之总之,要想做好要想做好“短文改错短文改错”题题,除了掌握上面讲除了掌握上面讲的原则的原则 做法做法 步骤之外步骤之外,平时还要加强语言基础知平时还要加强语言基础知识的学习识的学习,多做有针对性的训练多做有针对性的训练 以下是短文改错题十种常见常考的检查情况：以下是短文改错题十种常见常考的检查情况：一见有平行结构，查是否患有用词不一致或成一见有平行结构，查是否患有用词不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。.1. The doctor suggested plenty of food, rest and exercising.2. She was eating her

32、 sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived.二见有比较结构，查是否有形容词、二见有比较结构，查是否有形容词、 副词的级，副词的级，程度副词，比较的对象及冠词误用之病。程度副词，比较的对象及冠词误用之病。1.There are more trees in villages than cities.2.People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.3.In some places you may borrow

33、many books as you want.exercisedrinkinginmo/reas三见有转折、因果、对比等句子结构，查是否患有行三见有转折、因果、对比等句子结构，查是否患有行文逻辑不一致病。文逻辑不一致病。.1. I like singing, my brother likes dancing.2 .A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy, and he ran away.3. Mr. Lees company publishes books and buys books all over th

34、e world.四见有多重句，查是否患有时态、语态混乱，引导词四见有多重句，查是否患有时态、语态混乱，引导词不当，成分缺失病。不当，成分缺失病。1. I always wanted to return to the village after moving away and is really great to see most of my old friends again.2. Tom asks Mary if she knows the man is speaking to her.3. He lives in Beijing, where is the capital of China

35、.whilesosellswaswhowhich五见有特殊疑问句，查是否患有疑问词使用不当五见有特殊疑问句，查是否患有疑问词使用不当病。病。1. -How much was your car? -I bought the car at a cheap price, only 20000 dollars.2. Chinas population is more than any other countries in the world.六见有名词和代词，查是否患有数、格、指代不六见有名词和代词，查是否患有数、格、指代不一致病。一致病。1.Different people speak differ

36、ent language.2.Some people read the books or watch TV.3.What a lovely weather we are having today!4.The Smiths did his best to help her.5.I cant forget the good food you cooked for I.lowlargerlanuagest/he/atheirme七七.见有并列主语，从句作主语，不定代词、见有并列主语，从句作主语，不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词作主语，时间、距离、集合名词、非谓语动词作主语，时间、距离、金钱作主语，金钱

37、作主语，together with等引导的成分修饰等引导的成分修饰主语等，查是否患有主语不一致病。主语等，查是否患有主语不一致病。1.She as well as her brother are fond of studying English. 2. About 2000 dollars have been spent in buying new dress for his beautiful wife this year.八八.见有短语、词组，查是否患有固定结构中见有短语、词组，查是否患有固定结构中副词、介词或冠词使用不当病副词、介词或冠词使用不当病1. When he came back

38、, he found someone had broken in his house.2. Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher.ishasintoa九九.见有特殊动词，查是否患有非谓语动词或虚见有特殊动词，查是否患有非谓语动词或虚拟语气使用不当病。拟语气使用不当病。1.He made me to post a letter for him.2.Dont forget take your umbrella when you leave here.3.I suggested go there with him after work.4.H

39、e ordered that the work must be started at once.十十.见有非谓语动词作状语，查是否患有逻辑主见有非谓语动词作状语，查是否患有逻辑主语或逻辑宾语使用不当病。语或逻辑宾语使用不当病。1.If it heated, water can be changed into steam.2.The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it.3.Visiting him yesterday, I lent this book.t/otogoingshouldi/ti/twaslent下面以下面以2005年高考

40、试题说明。年高考试题说明。Dear Mr. Brown，I am writing to thank you with your kind help. Before you 76._came to teach us, I had not interest in English. My 77._pronunciation was terribly. I could only speak a few 78._words. But one and a half year later. I now think 79._English fun to learn. I got a lot from your

41、 encouraging 80. _words. I will always remember what you said, “if 81._you try to ,you can be No. l！”I hope you have had 82._pleasant journey home and will come to China 83._again sometimes in the future. I will write again and send 84._you the photos we take together. 85._Dear Mr. Brown，I am writin

42、g to thank you with your kind help Before you 76.for.came to teach us, I had not interest in English. My 77.nopronunciation was terribly. I could only speak a few78.terriblewords. But one and a half year later. I now think 79.yearsEnglish fun to learn. I got a lot from your encouraging 80. iswords. I will always remember what you said, “if 81.you try to , you can be No. l !”I hope you have had 82.topleasant journey home and will come to China 83. a again sometimes in the future. I will write again and send 84.sometimeyou the photos we take together. 85.took