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1、高考英语语法填空高考英语语法填空（Rational ClozeRational Cloze） 考点分析与解题技巧考点分析与解题技巧复习思考复习思考复习思考复习思考1.考什么？考什么？ ()纯空格形式的考点如下表：纯空格形式的考点如下表：测试内容内容2011年年2012年年内内 容容题号号答案答案题号号答答 案案冠冠词24an19the介介词23on23for代代词物主代物主代词指示代指示代词人称代人称代词24they25them不定代不定代词25both连词从属从属连词17(状从状从)21(定从定从)untilwhom20(状从)22 (定从定从)24(宾从）Ifwhichwhat并列并列连词
2、复习思考复习思考复习思考复习思考(II)用所给词的适当形式填空的考点如下：用所给词的适当形式填空的考点如下：测试内容内容2011年年2012年年内内 容容题号号答案答案题号号答答 案案动词非非谓语动词不定式不定式-ed分分词-ing分分词18sitting16wearing谓语动词的的时态,语态19was pretending17had bought形容形容词或副或副词的比的比较级16later21harder词性性转换20mentally18pleased复习思考复习思考复习思考复习思考Whats the usual way you fulfill the task Grammar Fill
3、ing?三步完成三步完成三步完成三步完成: : : : 概读理解概读理解 分析填空分析填空 连贯检连贯检查查复习思考复习思考复习思考复习思考v思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎样入手呢我们到底该怎样入手呢? Discuss with your group members about the Discuss with your group members about the following sentences, and try to figure out some following sentences, and try to figur
4、e out some similarities of the words we should fill in.similarities of the words we should fill in.考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词动词动词动词(verb)(verb)（或其适当形式）（或其适当形式）（或其适当形式）（或其适当形式）、名词名词名词名词(noun)(noun)、代词、代词、代词、代词(pronoun)(pronoun)、冠词、冠词、冠词、冠词(a
5、rticle)(article)、介词、介词、介词、介词(prep.)(prep.)、情态动、情态动、情态动、情态动词词词词(modal verbs)(modal verbs)、连词、连词、连词、连词(conj)(conj)或引导词、形容词或引导词、形容词或引导词、形容词或引导词、形容词(adj.)(adj.)和副词和副词和副词和副词(adv.) (adv.) 考查各项语法内容。考查各项语法内容。考查各项语法内容。考查各项语法内容。3. the head of the village was tying up his horse to 3. the head of the village wa
6、s tying up his horse to my car to pull it to my car to pull it to small town some 20 small town some 20 kilometers away kilometers away (07(07年广东年广东年广东年广东) ) 4._4._girl wearing a red skirt comes from America?girl wearing a red skirt comes from America?考点一：冠词考点一：冠词 无提示词无提示词 可数名词单数之前可数名词单数之前1. There o
7、nce were a goat and a donkey. So the 1. There once were a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.donkey medicine made from its heart. (07(07惠州一模惠州一模惠州一模惠州一模) )2.When I see a child subject to this kind of p
8、ressure, I 2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was 35_ shy , nervous think of Donnie. He was 35_ shy , nervous perfectionist.perfectionist. (08(08深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模) ) the a a考查语法点考查语法点: 定冠词定冠词,不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析 a aThe解题技巧解题技巧下列情况很可能填下列情况很可能填不定冠词：不
9、定冠词：(1)_+可数名词可数名词(单数单数)；(2)_+形容词形容词+可数名词可数名词(单数单数)。下列情况下很可能填下列情况下很可能填定冠词定冠词：(1)_ (+定语定语)+名词名词+ of等介词短语等介词短语(表示表示特指特指)；(2)_ (+定语定语)+名词名词+定语从句定语从句(表示特指表示特指)；(3)_ (+定语定语)+名词名词+不定式短语或分词短不定式短语或分词短语语(表示特指表示特指)。考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析考点二：介考点二：介词词 无提示词：注意搭配问题无提示词：注意搭配问题与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语, ,补补语等语等 与不及物动
10、词构成动词短语接宾语与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语1. In short, I believe that it is 39_ great use to 1. In short, I believe that it is 39_ great use to keep a dairy in English keep a dairy in English (07(07深二模深二模深二模深二模) ) 2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I 2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I loo
11、ked back 34_the girl, who was giving me looked back 34_the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. (08(08深圳一模深圳一模深圳一模深圳一模) ) 3. She found some good quality pipes3. She found some good quality pipes_ _ sale. sale.
12、 (09(09广东广东广东广东) )4. He was very tired 4. He was very tired _ _ doing this for a whole doing this for a whole dayday(08(08广东广东广东广东) ) ofof atat考查语法点考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配介词的基本用法及惯用搭配考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析ononfrom/from/afterafter考点三：代考点三：代词词 无提示词无提示词 作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。形容词词性和名词性物
13、主代词的区别。 指示代词（指示代词（itit和和thisthis）, ,不定代词，不定代词，itit用作引导词用作引导词, ,反身代词等反身代词等考查语法点考查语法点: 代词的基本用法代词的基本用法考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析1. She remembered how difficult 1. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. suitable Christmas present for her father. (
14、08(08广东广东广东广东) ) 2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my 2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _ . woman for the trouble I had caused _ . (07(0
15、7广东广东广东广东) ) 3. It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has 3. It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made _ want to say it again: a smilemade _ want to say it again: a smile(09(09江门二模江门二模江门二模江门二模) ) itherhermeme考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析解题技巧解题技巧因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词
16、、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词格所填词在在句子句子中中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语不能作主语)等。等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。考点四：连词或从句考点四：连词或从句引导词引导词 无提示词无提示词两个主谓结构
17、连接两个主谓结构连接 1. It was not long 39_ the waitress came 1. It was not long 39_ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw. suddenly was surprised at what she saw. (07(07深圳一模深圳一模深圳一模深圳一模) )
18、 2. But nothing changed until midterm, 39_ 2. But nothing changed until midterm, 39_ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom. classroom. (08(08深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模) ) 3. Jane paused in front of a counter _ some 3. Jane paused in fro
19、nt of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.attractive ties were on display.(09(09广东广东广东广东) )4. One day, he came up with an idea _ he would 4. One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.pluck up all of his crop a few inches.(08(08广东广东广东广东) ) beforebe
20、fore whenwhen考查语法点考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法引导词的用法考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析wherewherethatthat解题技巧解题技巧(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词列连词and, or, but等。等。(2)若两个句子若两个句子(有两个主谓结构有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句根据两句之间的意义和
21、逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or等等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。确定填具体的某个连词。考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析考点五：谓语动考点五：谓语动词词 有提示词有提示词 与主语构成主谓结构与主语构成主谓结构1. I was certain she would like it because I _ 1. I was certain she would like
22、it because I _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. (07(07广广广广州一模州一模州一模州一模) ) 2. His fear of failure _ (keep) him from 2. His fear of failure _ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with classroom games that other chil
23、dren played with joyous abandon. joyous abandon. (08(08深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模) )3. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 3. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary to our intention._ (result) in the contrary to our intention.(08(08广东广东广东广东) ) was told was tol
24、d keptkept考查语法点考查语法点: 谓语动词的时态及语态谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致及主谓一致考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析resultsresults考点六：非谓语考点六：非谓语动词动词 有提示词有提示词 除谓语动词以外的动词形式除谓语动词以外的动词形式1. We must also consider the reaction of the person 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_ (receive) the gift. 32_ (receive) the gift. (07(07广州一模广州
25、一模广州一模广州一模) )2. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 2. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _ (complete) the rest! _ (complete) the rest! (07(07广二模广二模广二模广二模) ) 3. My pupils, Donnie 40_ (include), adored 3. My pupils, Donnie 40_ (include), adored her. her. (08(08深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模)
26、 ) 4. She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as 4. She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.perfume.(09(09广东广东广东广东) ) receivingreceiving to completeto complete includedincluded考查语法点考查语法点: 非谓语动词及变形的使用非谓
27、语动词及变形的使用 考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析to pleaseto please考点七：词性转考点七：词性转换换 有提示词有提示词 介词介词, ,冠词冠词, ,所有格后接名词所有格后接名词, ,形容词形容词修饰名词修饰名词, ,副词修饰形容词动词或整个副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子句子1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_ (rude). 1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_ (rude). (07(07深圳一模深圳一模深圳一模深圳一模) )2. As far as I am concerned, my 37 _ 2.
28、 As far as I am concerned, my 37 _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach. and a Chinese-English within easy reach. (08(08惠二模惠二模惠二模惠二模) )3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in 3. Thi
29、s proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course. their _ (nature) course. (08(08广东广东广东广东) )4. _ (doubt), although there is still room 4. _ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a for improvement to this policy, I think it is
30、 still a good one which brings more good than harm to the good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation. students and the nation. (09(09汕头水平考试汕头水平考试汕头水平考试汕头水平考试) ) rudelyrudely suggestionsuggestion考查语法点考查语法点: 各类词性的正确使用及转化各类词性的正确使用及转化考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析naturalnaturalUndoubUndo
31、ubtedlytedly考点八：形容词考点八：形容词的级的级 有提示词有提示词通常，有表示范围的通常，有表示范围的in /ofin /of介词短语介词短语或形容词前有或形容词前有thethe时，一般要用最高级；时，一般要用最高级；thanthan的前面一定要用比较级的前面一定要用比较级1.One of the 33_ (bad) gift choices I ever One of the 33_ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher made was for my high school E
32、nglish teacher (07(07广州一模广州一模广州一模广州一模) ) 2.2. We were both laughing the whole time at our 2. We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. complete inability to communicate in words. 3. When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in When it was time to lea
33、ve, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt _ (lonely) than I had expected that felt _ (lonely) than I had expected that night. (2009night. (2009届江届江届江届江门二模门二模门二模门二模) )3. 3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winni
34、ng poet and writer. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the _ (great) writers Critics call her one of the _ (great) writers of our time.of our time.( (双语报第双语报第双语报第双语报第3 3期期期期) ) worstworst考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析less less lonelylonelygreatesgreatest t总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升
35、一一一一根据句子结构，确定根据句子结构，确定根据句子结构，确定根据句子结构，确定词性词性词性词性动词动词名词名词形容词形容词副词副词冠词冠词介词介词连词连词代词代词词性词性一一般般有有提提示示词词无无提提示示词词总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升二根据上下文意义及语法，确定二根据上下文意义及语法，确定二根据上下文意义及语法，确定二根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形词形词形词形冠词冠词冠词冠词定冠词定冠词,不定冠词不定冠词并列句及复合句并列句及复合句非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语动词非谓语动词 to do, doing, done 及变形及变形谓语动词的时态及语态谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致及主
36、谓一致连词连词连词连词介词介词介词介词介词的常用用法及词组搭配介词的常用用法及词组搭配词性变化词性变化词性变化词性变化词汇词汇, 构词法构词法谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词代词代词代词代词人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词指示代词，反身代词根据语义根据语义, 确定词确定词形形分析句子分析句子,确定词确定词性性解题四步走提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据通读全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升检查搭配检查搭配, 前后连贯前后连贯 Long
37、 ago the Emperor decided to hold a swimming race between 13 different animals. The order in which they finished would decide the order of their 31 (appear) in the Chinese calendar. All the animals lined up on the river bank and 32 (give) the task of getting to the opposite shore. The cat wondered ho
38、w he would get across 33 he was afraid of water. The ox worried how he would cross 34 his poor eyesight. The calculating rat suggested that he and the cat 35 (jump) onto the oxs back and guideappearancewere givenbecause/aswithjump实战演练实战演练实战演练实战演练2009年广州调研年广州调研him across. The ox, steady and hard-work
39、ing, did not notice the two animals on his back. In the meanwhile, the rat ran behind the unsuspecting cat and pushed 36 into the water. As the ox came ashore, the rat jumped off and finished the race first. 37 the rat got the first year 38 (name) after him and the ox got the second year. 39 the laz
40、y pig reached the finish line in the 12th place the race was over and he was awarded the final place on the calendar. From that day the cat, 40 never finished and lost his place on the calendar, became the enemy of the rat.实战演练实战演练实战演练实战演练whoWhen/AfternamedSohimA young man, while traveling through a
41、 desert，came across a spring of clear water. 31 water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 32 had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and t
42、hanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home 35 a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let 36 student taste the water. He spit it out, 37 (say)Thewhopresentedwarmlywithsayinganother复习思考复习思考复习思考复习思考it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the
43、 old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 38 ?” The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be 39 (sweet).” We understand this lesson best 4
44、0 we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. thatsweeterit 1. 对于文章对于文章，要熟悉语境。，要熟悉语境。5. 对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词 等不等不仅要理解仅要理解 它们的意思，还要熟记它们，在考试时它们的意思，还要
45、熟记它们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们。能准确、快速地提取它们。3. 对于动词对于动词，要掌握常用的时态、语态、非谓，要掌握常用的时态、语态、非谓语动词的用法以及词形变化。语动词的用法以及词形变化。 2. 对于句子，对于句子，要能够分析其结构，懂得在什么时候该要能够分析其结构，懂得在什么时候该 用用 什么词性。什么词性。4.对于名词、形容词、副词对于名词、形容词、副词等，不仅要背诵其意等，不仅要背诵其意义和拼写，还好掌握基本的词形变换。义和拼写，还好掌握基本的词形变换。几点建议：几点建议：Practice Makes Perfect!不断记忆，积累词汇不断记忆，积累词汇夯实基础，学好语法夯实基础，学好语法大声朗读，培养语感大声朗读，培养语感坚持不懈，多做练习坚持不懈，多做练习
