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1、汉译英：词和短语的翻译汉译英：词和短语的翻译CONTENTS词汇词汇短语短语句子句子定语结构的转换定语结构的转换 词的翻译词的翻译葡萄 grape； 葡萄干 raisin酿酒厂brewery炼油厂refinery宗教religion； 邪教cult鸟bird，小鸟fledgling老虎tiger，虎崽cub洒水车sprinkler；垃圾车 garbage truck会会座谈会symposium；博览会expo；记者招待会press conference; news release；人才招聘会job fair贸易洽谈会trade fair表表履历表Resume病历表Case history fo
2、rm时间表Time table日程表Schedule价格表Price list馆：馆：博物馆museum图书馆library旅馆hotel宾馆guest house大使馆embassy领事馆consulate茶馆tea house饭馆restaurant理发馆barbers shop体育馆gymnasium展览馆exhibition hall文化馆cultural center美术馆art gallery科技馆science and technology center/museum天文馆planetarium照相馆photo studio化化 经济全球化economic globalizati
3、on 经济法制化 manage economic affairs within a legal framework国际关系民主化the practice of democracy in international relations科研成果产业化apply scientific research results to industrial production国民经济信息化build an information-based national economy注意词汇的深层逻辑春运春运不能简单地说成是 spring transportation (春季的运输) 而是the rush / peak
4、 season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival / Chinese New Year (春节期间的客运高峰)请勿疲劳驾驶请勿疲劳驾驶翻译成英语不是Dont drive tiredly按照交通法规术语应该翻译为Drowsy driving is dangerous .或 Drive alert, arrive alive以外贸为龙头以外贸为龙头不能直接翻译为with foreign trade as the dragon head，这样翻译是很难让外国人明白的，因为以为龙头这个说法是源自耍龙灯的习俗，而多数外国人不一定
5、熟悉中国人的这一习俗。为了取得好的翻译效果，最好是用能够跨越文化障碍的表达方法，如火车头或旗舰：With foreign trade as the locomotive（机车） / flagship.家庭经济情况不好家庭经济情况不好economic condition改为：financial condition备课要做好三件事情：备学生，备教材，备教法。Preparing a lecture requires doing three things well: getting to know the students; arranging suitable teaching material,
6、and choosing effective (optimal) teaching methods.定语结构的转换定语结构的转换 1)毛入学率the gross enrollment rate2）中央地方财政预算the central and local budgets）关于发展九年义务教育的政策policies concerned with the development of the nine-year compulsory education; (后置) the nine-year compulsory education development policies(前置) ）科教兴国战略
7、the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education;the strategy of country development by developing science and education; the strategy of giving priority to the development of science and education for the development of the country.）国有资产管理、监督和运营机制the mechanism for manageme
8、nt, supervision and operation of state-owned assets; (后置) the state assets management, supervision and operation mechanism (前置) ）高新技术产业化示范工程high-tech model projects to demonstrate theircommercial liability;hi-tech industrialization model projects)科技成果市场化、产业化commercialization and industrialization of
9、 scientific and technological achievements) 处理合同争议所适用的法律处理合同争议所适用的法律Law applicable to the settlement of contract disputes）邓一反几千年来官方对长城以外世界的敌视态度，坦率地说：“闭关自守把中国搞得贫穷落后，愚昧无知。”难点：难点：几千年来官方对长城以外世界的敌视态度几千年来官方对长城以外世界的敌视态度闭关自守贫穷落后愚昧无知）邓一反几千年来官方对长城以外世界的敌视态度，坦率地说：“闭关自守把中国搞得贫穷落后，愚昧无知。”Reversing thousands of year
10、s of official hostility to the world outside the Great Wall, Deng said simply: “Isolation landed China in poverty, backwardness and ignorance.”10) 全世界的科学家都在寻找净化空气、防止空气受到各种有寻找净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法害工业废气污染的有效方法。11) 在我们肉眼看来似乎静止不动的一杯水我们肉眼看来似乎静止不动的一杯水中，却有数不清的水分子正在进行着大量的无规则的热运动大量的无规则的热运动。thermal movem
11、entmolecules12) 这所大学是中国著名的高等学府，是中国培养高级科学技中国培养高级科学技术人才和发展科学技术的重要基地之一术人才和发展科学技术的重要基地之一。10) 全世界的科学家都在寻找净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业寻找净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法废气污染的有效方法。Scientists everywhere in the world are looking for the efficient methods to make the air clean and protect it from pollution by all kinds of indu
12、strial harmful waste gases.11) 在我们肉眼看来似乎静止不动的一杯水我们肉眼看来似乎静止不动的一杯水中，却有数不清的水分子正在进行着大量的无规则的热运动大量的无规则的热运动。Although the water in a glass looks to be totally motionless to our naked eyes，a great deal of thermal movement of its countless molecules is going on disorderly inside.12) 这所大学是中国著名的高等学府，是中国培养高级科学技术人才中国培养高级科学技术人才和发展科学技术的重要基地之一和发展科学技术的重要基地之一。This university is one of the renowned higher learning institutions in China，and it is also an important base both for bringing up senior professionals of science and technology in China and for promoting the progress of Chinese science and technology.
