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1、分词分词作作状语状语分词在句中作分词在句中作状语状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况果、条件、伴随状况等。等。1形式意义v.ing (doing)与句中主语构成逻辑与句中主语构成逻辑上的上的主谓主谓关系，与句关系，与句中谓语动词中谓语动词同时发生同时发生，或基本上同时发生。或基本上同时发生。Having+v.-ed (having done)与句中主语构成逻辑与句中主语构成逻辑上的上的主谓主谓关系，关系，先于先于谓语动词发生。谓语动词发生。v.-ed (done)与句中主语构成逻辑与句中主
2、语构成逻辑上的上的动宾动宾关系关系1.分词作状语形式的选择分词作状语形式的选择2being+v.-ed (being done)与句中主语构成逻与句中主语构成逻辑上的辑上的动宾动宾关系关系,且且与谓语动词与谓语动词同时发同时发生生，一般，一般作原因状作原因状语置于句首。语置于句首。having been+v-ed (having been done)与句中主语构成逻与句中主语构成逻辑上的辑上的动宾动宾关系关系,且且先于先于谓语动词发生。谓语动词发生。32.分词作状语的基本原则1）分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。2）分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不
3、能使用分词作状语。1）Being ill, he didnt go to school.2) Given much more time, he would do it better.4Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. （听见和进入两个动（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）作同时发生）The building being built now is our new library. （being built为现在分词的被动形为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）式，表示动作正在进行之中。）Having
4、 done the work, he went home. 完成完成了工作，他就回家了。了工作，他就回家了。5 分词作状语1.作时间状语作时间状语1）Having finished his homework, he went to play football.2) Hearing the news, they got excited.2.作原因状语作原因状语1）Not knowing his address, she went to a policeman for help.2) Being ill, he was late for school.3. 作伴随状语作伴随状语1) He stoo
5、d against the door, reading a newspaper. (表伴随情况表伴随情况)2) I stayed up very late, preparing my speech.(说明细节情况说明细节情况)64.作条件状语作条件状语 1）Given a chance, I can surprise the world.2) Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks very beautiful.5.作让步状语作让步状语 Having been told many times, he still repeated the
6、same mistake.6.作结果状语作结果状语 1）She was caught in a heavy rain, falling ill.2) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.注：现在分词作结果状语，表示由谓语注：现在分词作结果状语，表示由谓语动词部分所造成的结果。动词部分所造成的结果。7Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old
7、friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.1）表时间状语表时间状语82) 表原因状语表原因状语 Being ill, he didnt go to school. Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.） 既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。 由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了
8、电话。 Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)9 3)表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个主语的一个 动作动作，或是，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或，或是是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明充说明。Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching
9、 TV.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)10 他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_ , they went into the classroom. 他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。 He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talking11 4) 表结果表结果 Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=
10、Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢 迎的歌曲。迎的歌曲。 The song is sung all over the country,_. making it the most popular song12 5)表条件表条件 Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座
11、白色的房子。一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。 _, you will see a white house. Walking ahead13 6)表让步表让步 Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.14 1) Four people entered the room 1) Four people entered the room looking looking aroundaround in a curious way. in a curious way. ( ( 伴随动作伴随动作伴随动作伴随动作)
12、) 2) 2) Being poorBeing poor, he couldnt afford a TV , he couldnt afford a TV set.set. (原因原因) Using your head, youll find a good way.条件条件153) Working hard, youll surely succeed.条件条件4) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.伴随伴随5) He came running back to tell me the news. 方式方式166)
13、 (When) Hearing the news, he got 6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.frightened.= When he heard the news, he got = When he heard the news, he got frightened. frightened. ( (时间时间时间时间, , 可以在分词前保留可以在分词前保留可以在分词前保留可以在分词前保留when )when ) 7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the
14、door. 结果结果17 Practise: (1)They set out _ for the _ boy.A.searching; losing B. searching; lost B.C. to search; lost D. searched; losingC.(2) The student sat there, _ what to do.D.doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing E.C. not know D. not knowingBD现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面前面加加not (never)18(3)He
15、 sat there _ , with his head on his hand.A.and think B. thinking B.C. thought D. being thoughtB191.The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president.A.To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing B.2.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular
16、sport in the world.C.Making B. makes C. made D. to makeB现在分词表结果状语现在分词表结果状语A 现在分词作伴随状语现在分词作伴随状语高考链接203. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointingA现在分词作伴随状语现在分词作伴随状语214. _ a reply, he decided to write again.A.Not recei
17、ving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received B.5._ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.C.Not knowing B. knowing not D.C. Not having known D. Having not knownCA现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。定词通常放在现在分词前面。作原因状语作原因状语22 1. Having
18、not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错单句改错235. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking24Thank you!25
