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1、Practice1）The appearance of the book on the market caused a sensation.2）He is a lover of Chinese paintings.3）An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.4) His speech impressed the audience deeply.5) Most students behaved respectfully towards their teacher.6）His paint
2、ings are characterized by steady strokes and bright colors.7）Physical training is an absolute necessity to university students.8）As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.9） He was eloquent and elegant-but soft.10） He is physically weak but mentally sound.1
3、)这本书在市场上的出现轰动一时。2）他热爱中国画。3）读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的4)他的讲演给听众的印象很深。5)大部分学生对老师态度很恭敬。6）他的画的特点是笔力沉着，色彩鲜明。7）参加体育锻炼对大学生来说是绝对必要的。8）因为他对这城市完全陌生，我希望你能给他必要的帮助。9）他有口才，有风度，但个性软弱。10）他身体羸弱但头脑（正常）/机灵/灵活。Chinese into English1.语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。2.采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。3.她在讲话中特别情调提高产品质量。4.社会主义革命的目的使为了解放生产力。5.我们的方针是，一切民族、一切国家
4、的产出都要学。6.更荒唐的是，侵略者把他们的侵略行径说成是为了“促进”争端的解决。1.The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts.2.The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.3.In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products.4.Socialist revol
5、ution aims at liberating the productive forces.5.Our policy is to learn from all nations and all countries their strong points.6.It is much more absurd of the aggressors to whitewash their behavior as helping solve the dispute.Amplification（Adding) 增词译法英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能将词类转换，有时候也可能将词量增减。增词法就是
6、在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、通顺地表达原文思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意乱加，而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其义的一些词。这种添加至少可以分为两类，即“虚加”和 “实加”。虚加e.g. But without Adolf Hitler, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich. 然而如果没有希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定没有第三帝国。Heated, water will change into vapor.水如受热，就会汽化。However carefully steam pipes are
7、sealed, some heat is lost.不管蒸汽管封闭的多么严密，还是有一部分热量损耗掉。He did not go. He was tired.虚加老师在等我，我得走了。The teacher is waiting for me, so I must be off now.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortag
8、e of firewood.实加Amplification in English-Chinese TranslationAmplification in English-Chinese TranslationAdding words which indicate the plural form汉语中名词的复数没有词型变化，很多情况下不必表达出来，但要表达 指多数人的名词时，可用“们”，如“老师们，同学们”，或在名词前加“各位诸位” 或独立使用“大家”；表达事物的复数时可用“若干”等。此外，英语名词复数汉译时还可根据情况，增加重叠词、数词或其他一些词来表达，以提高修辞效果。增加重叠词表示复数e.
9、g. Flowers bloom in the fields. 朵朵鲜花开满原野。e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities. 一到夏季，旅游者纷纷涌到海滨城市。e.g. Rows of new houses have been set up. 一排排的新房建成了。增加数词或其它词表示复数汉语中有些数字词汇在文中并不表示具体的数字，只是表示“多，众多”的意思，如百（百花齐放，百家争鸣，百鸟朝凤，百感交集）、千（千篇一律，千人一面，千方百计）、万（万众一心，万紫千红，万水千山，千难万险）等；还有些词，如、 群、众、历、丛等也表示数量的
10、多： e.g. The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。 e.g. The mountains were covered with snow. 群山白雪皑皑。 e.g. The crowd made a way for him. 众人给他闪开了一条道。Adding quantifiers英语中的名词，特别是可数名词，一般直接与数词或冠词连用；而汉语几乎总是要用量词。e.g. I bought a new bike yesterday. 我昨天买了一辆新自行车。e.g. A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一
11、轮红日在平静的海面上冉冉升起。英语中有些动词或动作名词，译成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。e.g. Shall we have a rest? 我们休息一下好吗？e.g. Once they quarreled bitterly. 有次他们大吵了一架。e.g. I had a look at the photo and recognized her at once. 我看了一眼照片，马上就认出了她。Adding words to make an abstract concept clear e.g. After all preparations were made, the spo
12、rts meet began. 一切准备工作就绪后，运动会开始了。e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 一九六九年夏天，政府公开主张缓和与中国的紧张关系。Adding words omitted in the originalAdding words which are syntactically omitted in the source text问答句e.g. Is this your book? Yes, it is. 这是你的书吗？ 是我的。
13、e.g. what? Dont you love him? Yes, of course I do. 什么？难道你不爱他？ 我当然爱他！排比句e.g. “Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man” “读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。”（培根:论读书王佐良译）比较句e.g. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。e.g. The villagers ar
14、e as ready to look after her as they were their own daughter. 村民们愿意照顾她，正如他们愿意照顾他们自己的女儿一样。实加Adding verbse.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and flowers. 没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有“中国群众”挥舞纸旗和花束的场面。e.g. After the banquets, the concerts, and the table tenn
15、is exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 参加完宴会，出席过音乐会，观看了乒乓球表演赛之后，他还得起草最后公报。 e.g. Im really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an interview. 我今天上午的确很忙，要上两节课，开一个会，还要接受一个采访。 Adding adjectivese.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages!
16、 北京的人们正以多么高的热情学习外语啊！e.g. What a day/life! 多么（ 热/冷/难熬/幸福/悲惨 ）的一天/生活啊！Adding adverbse.g. How the little girl looked after her old mother! 那个小女孩照顾她的年迈的母亲是多么地细心周到啊！e.g. The crowd melted away. 人群渐渐地散去了。e.g. As he began talking, words poured out. 他一开讲，就滔滔不绝地讲个没完。Adding nounsAfter the intransitive verbe.g.
17、 Be sure to wash before meal. 饭前一定要洗手。e.g. Doesnt she wash after getting up? 起床后她难道不洗漱（洗脸刷牙）吗？e.g. He sometimes forgets to wash before going to bed. 他有时忘记洗脚就上床睡觉。e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking. 她日复一日地做着同样的家务：洗衣服，拖地板，做饭。Before the adjectivee.g. The radio is indee
18、d cheap and fine. 这台收音机真是物美价廉。e.g. She is a complicated girl moody, sensitive and skeptical. 她是个性格复杂的人：喜怒无常，多愁善感，疑神疑鬼。Adding words which indicate the textual / social contexte.g. In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”.如只照原文译出“四月份，全世界听到乒的一声；七月里，这乒声乓了一下。”读者肯定
19、不知所云。根据中美建交的背景知识，把这段外交史话译为： 四月里，全世界听到中国乒的一声把球打了出去；到了七月，美国乓的一声把球打了回来。e.g. Mao and Zhou learned that Nixon had the desire for a visit. 毛泽东和周恩来获悉尼克松有访华的念头。Amplification in Chinese- English TranslationAmplifying by adding necessary pronouns大作收到，十分高兴。 I was very glad to have receive your writing没有调查就没有发言
20、权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything it to be corrected or improved.Amplification in Chinese- English TranslationAmplifying by adding necessar
21、y article我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决妥当。 we must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be solved耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用来嗅气味，舌头用来尝滋味。 The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. The tongue is used for tasting.Amplification in Chinese- English TranslationAmplifying b
22、y adding necessary prepositions我们校门口见吧。 Lets meet at the school gate.你是白天上班还是夜间上班。 Do you work in the daytime or at night.该地区已没有城乡差别。There is little difference between town and country in this region.Amplification in Chinese- English Translation Amplifying by adding necessary background words三个臭皮匠，赛
23、过诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.别班门弄斧。 Dont try to show off your proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter.这真是俗话说的，“旁观者清”。It is just as the proverb goes, “The onlooker sees most of the game.”Reflections and Practice1.Matter can be chang
24、ed into energy, and energy into matter. 2.Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it. 3.Note that the words “velocity” and “speed” require explanation. 4.Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.5.Air pressure decreases with altitude. 6.According to the scientists, it takes n
25、ature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil. 7. A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypothesis, his theories and his conclusion.Keys to the exercise物质可以转化成能，能也可以转化成物质。因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任何物体都会受到空气的作用力。请注意，“速率 ” 和“速度”这两个词需要解释。氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。空气压力会随着海拔高度的增加而下降。根据科学家们的看法， 自然界需要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。科学
26、家经常设法否定自己的假设，推翻自己的理论，并放弃自己的结论。Chinese into English1. 请把这张表填一下，填完给我。2. 要提倡顾全大局。3.吃饭防噎，走路防跌。4.送君千里，终有一别。5.一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮。6.天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。7.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。8.理论联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。9.天气这么闷，十有八九要下雨。10.年满18岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。Chinese into English11. 不知道他能否赶得上七点半的火车去北京。12. 来了多久了。13.小孩自然害怕打针。14.老虎和猫同科。15.他不来信，我也不会写
27、信给他。1. 请把这张表填一下，填完给我。1.Please fill in this form, and give it to me when you have finished. 2. 要提倡顾全大局。2. We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. 3.吃饭防噎，走路防跌。3.While eating, take heed that you do not choke; while walking, take heed that you do not fall.4.送君千里，终
28、有一别。4. Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last. 5.一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮。5.a fence needs the support of three stakes; an able fellow needs help of three other people.6.天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。6. It was so cold that the river froze. 7.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。7.While the prospects are b
29、right, the road has twists and turns. 8.理论联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。8.That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. 9.天气这么闷，十有八九要下雨。9.With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one itll rain presently. 10.年满18岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。10. All citizens who have reached
30、 the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. 11. 不知道他能否赶得上七点半的火车去北京。11. I wonder if he was in time for the 7:30 train for Beijing. 12. 来了多久了。12. How long have you been here? 13.小孩自然害怕打针。13.It is natural that a child should fear an injection. 14.老虎和猫同科。14. The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of animal. 15.他不来信，我也不会写信给他。15.I wont write unless he writes first.
