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1、专题十专题十 虚拟语气虚拟语气热点考向一虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用从句构成主句构成与现在事实相反的假设If主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语should/would/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If主语had过去分词主语should/would/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反的假设If主语动词过去式If主语were to动词原形If主语should动词原形主语should/would/could/might动词原形热点考向二使用虚拟条件句的注意事项1. 在条件句中的省略如果虚拟条件句中含有were，should，had三个词(其中had必须
2、是助动词)，可将if省略，把这三个词前置到主语之前，形成部分倒装。If I were in your position，I would do the same.Were I in your position，I would do the same.如果我处于你的位置，我也会那样做。If you had come earlier，you would have met her.Had you come earlier，you would have met her.如果你早点来，你就会见到她了。If he should come tomorrow，I would give him the dicti
3、onary.Should he come tomorrow，I would give him the dictionary.如果他明天来，我就把这本词典给他。2. 错综时间虚拟句通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句指现在，主句指过去)如果我是你的话，我就接纳他的建议。If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet
4、 now.(从句指过去，主句指现在)如果今天早上带上雨衣的话，我现在就不会淋湿了。3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等来引导。But for your advice，I could not have done it so successfully.要是没有你的建议，我就不会那么成功。The change could not have taken place without the opendoor policy.要是没有开放政策，就没有这些变化。I was so busy then，otherwise，I w
5、ould have gone to help him.那时我太忙了，否则我就去帮他了。He felt very tired yesterday，or he would have helped you.他昨天很累，不然他会帮助你们的。注意：otherwise和or暗含的虚拟语气中，前一部分是陈述语气，后一部分是虚拟语气。but暗含的虚拟句中，前一部分是虚拟语气，后一部分是陈述语气。4. suggest，insist等动词后面的宾语从句不一定总是用虚拟语气insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，从句中不用虚拟语气。He insisted that he had d
6、one nothing wrong.他坚持说他没有做错。His pale look suggested that he was in poor health.苍白的面色表明他身体状况不佳。热点考向三虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1. 用于宾语从句中(1)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would/could/might动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只
7、小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。How I wish I had listened to my parents advice!我多么希望听了父母的建议！How I wish it werent raining now!我多希望现在没下雨啊！(2)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.他建议我们
8、第二天早点出发。2. 用于主语从句中(1)It is形容词that主语(should)动词原形用 于 本 句 型 的 形 容 词 有 strange， natural， necessary，important，essential，urgent，impossible等；还有与表示提议、要 求 、 命 令 等 动 词 有 关 的 形 容 词 ， 如 desirable(desire)，urgent(urge)，advisable(advise)，preferable(prefer)等。It is necessary that he listen to the radio frequently.他很
9、有必要常听收音机。(2)It is名词that主语(should)动词原形用于本句型的名词有a pity，a shame，no wonder等。Its a pity that he should fall off his bike.很遗憾，他竟然从自行车上摔下来了。(3)It is过去分词that主语(should)动词原形用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。It has been suggested that
10、 the meeting(should)be put off.有人建议推迟会议。这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气。It is a pity that you cant swim.很遗憾，你不会游泳。3. 用于表语从句中(1)as if，as though引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气。I felt as if I had done something wrong.我感到自己似乎做错了什么。as if/as though也可引导表示事实(或有很大可能性是事实)的从句，常用在系动词look，seem，taste，sme
11、ll，sound等词后。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去仿佛要下雨。(事实上马上就要下雨)It seems as if the boy has lost his way.这个男孩好像迷了路。(事实上男孩可能真迷路了)(2)与表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”的词相对应的名 词 (如 suggestion， proposal， advice， demand， order，requirement等)作主语时，后面的系表结构中表语从句的谓语常用“(should)动词原形”。Our decision is that the wedding(should)b
12、e put off.我们的建议是推迟婚期。My suggestion is that we (should) walk home instead of taking a taxi.我的建议是走着回家，不坐出租车。4. 用于同位语从句中虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法 表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”的名词如suggestion，proposal，advice，demand，order，requirement等后的同位语从句，其谓语常用“(should)动词原形”。They made a suggestion that they(should)hold an English speech con
13、test.他们提议举行一次英语演讲比赛。Doctors give us some advice that we(should)pay more attention to our health.医生建议我们应该多注意自己的健康。热点考向四特殊句型中的虚拟语气1. 在“It is (high) time (that).”句型中，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来的动作，动词形式一般用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略。意思是“该干某事了”。Its (high) time we did our homework.我们(早)该做作业了。2. would rather后接从句用虚拟语气w
14、ould rather主语动词过去式(表示现在或将来的情况)would rather主语动词过去完成式(表示过去的情况)Id rather he didnt go now.要是他现在不走就好了。3. if only引起的感叹句用虚拟语气表 示 与 现 在 或 未 来 事 实 相 反 的 愿 望 ： 用 过 去 时 或would/could动词原形； 表示与过去事实相反的愿望：用过去完成时。If only I had not been busy last week!要是上周我不忙该多好啊！4. 在由for fear that，in case，lest等引导的状语从句中，用“should动词原形”
15、表示“唯恐”。He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.他小心地拿着仪器，唯恐把它摔碎了。5. 在“as if/as though”引导的状语从句中，谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同。如：与现在情况相反，从句用过去式；与过去情况相反，从句用had过去分词；与将来情况相反，从句用would/could动词原形。He works with such enthusiasm as if he never knew fatigue.他这样地热情工作，好像从来不知道疲倦似的。He speaks E
16、nglish as though he were an American.他说英语好像他是美国人一样。She talked about it again and again as if she would never end.她反复谈论那件事，好像永远也谈不完的样子。6. 在look，seem等动词后的“as if/as though”从句中，当表示真实情况时，用陈述语气；否则用虚拟语气。It seems as if they know each other.(真实情况)他们好像彼此认识。It seems as though it were already spring.(虚拟语气)好像已经是
17、春天了。1. If we _(book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.答案：had booked解析：句意：如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。本题考查虚拟语气。分析语境可知if引导的从句是与过去事实相反的假设，因此用过去完成时。2. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _(be) able to speak it much better now.答案：would be解析：句意：如果他以前花更多的时间练习
18、说英语，他现在就能说得更好些。本题考查虚拟语气。本句为错综时间条件句，即if从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反的主句谓语部分为“would/should/could/might动词原形”。3. I should not have laughed if I _(think) you were serious.答案：had thought解析：句意：如果我(当时)认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据should not have laughed可以判定是对过去的虚拟，条件从句中对过去的虚拟要用had done形式。4. I _(go) to my cousins
19、 birthday party last night, but I was not available.答案：would have gone解析：句意：我昨天晚上本来想要去我表兄的生日聚会，但是没有空。本题考查虚拟语气。句中的时间状语last night明确表示应该是对过去事实的虚拟，对过去事实虚拟的形式可以是would have done结构。5. My mom suggests that we _(eat) out for a change this weekend.答案：(should) eat解析：句意：我妈妈建议我们应该换换口味，这个周末出去吃饭。本题考查虚拟语气。题干中的sugge
20、sts是解题的标志词，它后面的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，动词使用(should) do的形式。6. Do you think George has passed the driving test? No. If so， he _(drive) his car to our college yesterday.答案：would have driven解析：句意：你认为乔治通过驾照考试了吗？没有。要是考过了，他昨天就开车到我们大学来了。本题考查虚拟语气。分析题干可知，if后是非真实条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句的谓语动词结构为“should/would/could/might have动词的过
21、去分词”。7. It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _.答案：hadnt解析：句意：今天早上雨下得很大。很高兴我们带了雨伞。是的，要是我们没带伞的话我们就被淋成落汤鸡了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据语境提示可判断此处表示与过去事实相反，所以if条件从句中使用过去完成时。8 We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _(not offer) us a ride home
22、.答案：hadnt offered解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果昨天Harold没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。由主句中的would have called a taxi可知，该从句是对过去情况的虚拟，因此选hadnt offered。9 If we _(make) adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.答案：hadnt made解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是我们做好了充分的准备，会议不可能这么成功。这是条件句中的虚拟语气，主句谓语用的是wouldnt have been，说明是与过去
23、事实相反的情况，由此推断从句谓语用“had过去分词”。10Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _(do) something instead of just talking.答案：did/should do解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：Jack总爱夸夸其谈，他该做点事了，而不是仅仅空谈。这里是“Its (high/about)time that.”句型，从句谓语应用一般过去时或“should动词原形”。11We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _(visit) more pla
24、ces of interest yesterday.答案：would have visited解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：昨天我们在那个小村里迷路了，否则，我们会参观更多的名胜。从本句中的otherwise“否则”可以看出，这是一个隐含条件的虚拟句，与过去事实相反，应用would/could/shouldhave过去分词的结构。12Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.答案：had解析：考查虚拟语气。根据“I am too busy now”可知，此处是对现
25、在情况的虚拟，故从句用过去时。13 Had they known what was coming next, they _(have) second thoughts.答案：might have had解析：考查虚拟语气。根据“Had they known.”可知，此处是省略了if的条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以主句用should/would/could/mighthave done结构。14Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _(live) there, she wouldnt be able
26、 to see her parents very often.答案：were to live/should live/lived解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：Grace不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。主句“Grace doesnt want to move to New York”说明Grace尚未搬到纽约，故此处表示的是对将来的虚拟，if引导的虚拟条件从句中可使用过去式或should动词原形或were to动词原形。15Dont handle the vase as if it _(be) made of steel.答案：were解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是钢制的一样来拿。as if表示“似乎，好像”，引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟，所以用一般过去时，be动词用were。16If my car _(be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.答案：had been解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：假如我的车更可靠的话，我去年夏天会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机去。此处是对过去事情的假设，故条件句用过去完成时，主句用should/would/could/mighthave done。
