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1、分析原因分析原因（现象解释类；对立观点类）（现象解释类；对立观点类）阐述方法或者提出建议阐述方法或者提出建议（问题解决类）（问题解决类）分析影响分析影响（利弊；危害性）（现象解释类；（利弊；危害性）（现象解释类；问题解决类）问题解决类）表列举、递进、转折或对比首先：Firstly; To start/begin with; For a start; Above all, First of all, In the first place, first and foremostBesides; Also; In addition; Additionally; Moreover; furthermo
2、re; Secondly; thirdly; Last but not least然而：However; Nevertheless; while +句子； despite that+句子/despite+名词短语相反： on the contrary; Conversely; in contrast in comparison with成对出现的衔接词：On the one hand, on the other handFor one thing, for another,引出原因句型A类句型(许多/以下)原因可以解释现象：A number of factors are accountable
3、 for this situation. First of all, Moreover, Besides,2.A number of factors might contribute to/lead to/account for the phenomenon/ problem. 3. The following reasons can account for/explain the phenomenon.B类句型：There be句型3. There are many factors responsible for/behind this phenomenon. 4. There are a
4、large number of reasons for this social phenomenon, but in general, they come down to three major ones.C类句型：提问引出原因5. Why ?6. But what lead to?练习：1. 为什么“博客”在短时间类就变得如此流行呢？Why does “blog” become so popular in such a short time?2. 是什么导致父母的期望和孩子的理想之间的冲突呢？What lead to the conflict between parents hopes an
5、d childrens ideals?列举原因衔接词句型：1. One of the main reasons foris that练：产生这一变化的一个主要原因是中国人民的生活水平得到了很大的改善。One of the main reasons for this change is that the living standard of Chinese people has been improved greatly.2. Among all the reasons, plays a vital role in练：在所有原因中，大学扩招（the enrollment expansion of
6、 universities）起着关键作用。 3. is also a noticeable reason.练： 公路上越来越多的汽车也是一个值得关注的原因。The increasing number of vehicles on road is also a noticeable reason. 4have much to do with 练：这些灾难的发生和我们人类对地球的所作所为有很大的关系。The disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth.5. Due to/Because of/Thanks to+名词性
7、短语，练：由于网络管理（network administration）的欠缺和网络安全(network security)的薄弱，我们的信息可能被公开、偷窃或出售。Due to/Because of/Thanks to the poor internet administration and weak network security, our information might be open, stolen or sold.说明方法或提出建议句式 引出方法句式(适用于主体段提建议)：1. The following measures can be taken/adopted to solv
8、e the problem.2. In order to settle the problem/conflict, certain measures should be taken in time.3. Obviously, it is necessary to take some effective measures to3. However, how should this problem be solved?练：1. 如何才能建立一个理想的师生关系（teacher-student relationship）呢？How can we build an ideal teacher-stude
9、nt relationship?2. 下列措施可以减少校园浪费。/显然，有必要采取有效措施来减少校园浪费。The following measures can be taken to reduce campus waste.3. 为了解决这一冲突，父母和孩子双方都要付出努力。In order to solve the conflict, both parents and children should pay their efforts.列举方法句式（适用于主体段）Firstly, should（主动语态）（主动语态）练：首先，老师和学生应该互相尊重。这是良好关系的前提(preconditio
10、n)。First of all, the teacher and the student should respect each other, which is the precondition of a good relationship.In addition, is an effective way to.练： 其次，听音乐是缓解压力的一个有效地办法。In addition, listening to music is an effective way to relieve pressure.Besides, should (被动语态被动语态)练：应该制定法律惩罚醉驾的人Besides,
11、 strict laws should be made to punish those drunken driving people.引出方法句式(适用于结尾段提建议)：Considering the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken. Considering the bad effects of, it must be taken more seriously.Considering the above-mentioned factors, effective measures should be t
12、aken to 练习：1. 考虑到问题的严重性，应该采取有效措施来保护我们免受噪音的干扰。Considering the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken to protect us against noise.2. 考虑到抑郁症的负面影响，我们必须更加重视它。Considering the bad effects of depression, it must be taken more seriously.3. 考虑到以上因素/综上所述，我们应该谨慎地选用参考书(reference books)。Co
13、nsidering the above factors, we should be careful in selecting and using reference books.总结方法句式（适用于结尾段）总结方法句式（适用于结尾段）Only through these measures/methods can we 练习练习： 只用通过这些方法或措施，我们才能充分利用参考书。Only in this way can we make full use of reference books.Only in this way can weOnly whenIn a word, it takes o
14、ur common/joint efforts to 说明原因演练说明原因演练The Popularity of Green Food1) 近年来，绿色食品变得越来越流行2)分析这种现象产生的原因3)谈谈你对该现象的看法The following reasons can account for the popularity of green food. Above all, compared with ordinary food, green food is healthier, safer and more nutritious. Moreover, nowadays, many veget
15、ables are polluted because of the use of agricultural chemicals, while green food is free of pollution. Besides, with the improvement of living standards, more people can afford a healthier but more expensive lifestyle. So green food, despite its higher price, still becomes peoples favorite food.说明方
16、法演练The Damage of Public Facilities 1.公共设施破坏严重的问题亟待解决公共设施破坏严重的问题亟待解决2.解决办法有哪些解决办法有哪些3.你的看法你的看法The following ways can be adopted to lessen the damage to public facilities. Firstly, it is essential that we citizens should be civilized to behave morally. Secondly, strict laws should be made to punish those who are found to damage public facilities. Thirdly, every citizen should be active in reporting and preventing people who damage public facilities. Only in these ways can our public facilities serve us better.
