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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词-不定式不定式海南省东方中学海南省东方中学黄娟黄娟1 1性质性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外的一切成除谓语以外的一切成分。分。非谓语动词非谓语动词2形式形式不定式不定式 相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。动名词动名词 相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语相
2、当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语.分词分词 相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。语、状语。不不 定定 式式 的的 作作用用不定式的不定式的时态时态不定式的不定式的语态语态不不定定式式1. 主语主语2. 宾语宾语3. 宾语补足语宾语补足语4. 表语表语5. 定语定语6. 状语状语 1. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 2. _( help ) others is our duty. To talkTo help3. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前如果要说明不定式表示的动
3、作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由加一个由 for for 引起的短语引起的短语, ,构成不定式的复合结构。构成不定式的复合结构。2. 不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,可以用可以用it作形式主语作形式主语.It is our duty to help others4. It is+adj+for sb to do It is+adj+ of sb to do4. It is important _ Tom to get that job. It is kind _ you to help me with myforof1不定式作主语：不定式作主语：3.It is easy_ _ (学生读学生读)
4、(adj: kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, careless, rude, polite,naughty（修饰人的形容词）（修饰人的形容词）（修饰物的形容词）（修饰物的形容词）1.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词单数单个不定式作主语，谓语动词单数for the students to read.1. Her work is _( look ) after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingHuaUniversity. 3. She seemed _( th
5、ink ) about the problem. 4. They appeared _( agree ) with what we said.to lookto goto thinkto agree2不定式作表语不定式作表语不定式作不定式作be动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，说明主语的内容。说明主语的内容。：want, demand, hope, wish, expect,fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, int
6、end. 1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.to getto beto goto give3不定式作宾语：不定式作宾语：1.He found _Russian.(study/important)2.The computer makes_(possible/ calculate faster)如
7、作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词 it作作 形式宾语，形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。而将真正的宾语不定式后置。 有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有it important to studyit possible to calculate faster.句式：句式：Subject+v+it+adj/n+to dothink, find, feel, consider, make1.He seldom comes except _at my pictures.(look)2.We have no
8、choice but _outside.(wait)3.They could do nothing but _for help.(ask)不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如 ：but, except等后才行，此时不定式可带等后才行，此时不定式可带 to 或不带或不带 to。 注意注意to lookto waitask 5看（看（look at, see, watch,notice,observe） 3使（使（make, let, have）；）；2听（听（listen to, hear）；）； 1感觉（感觉（feel）。）。1.The
9、teacher made the boy_( go )out of the classroom2.We observed them_(finish)the work3.He was made_(tell) a story4.Let us_( have) a rest.5.The teacher got the students _(hand )in homework.“吾看三室两厅一感觉吾看三室两厅一感觉”主动语态主动语态 s+v +sb + do .被动语态。被动语态。S+be +v ed+ to do A 1. I didnt want my parents _( help ) me. 2
10、. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.B4.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语.+V+sb to dogohave to hand to tell to help to takefinish let sb do sth get sb to do sth1.He was the first person_to the classroom (come)2. Do you have anything_ ?(say)3. He thought out a plan _ (punish) Tom.to say to come to pu
11、nish 4. We need a room to live5. We have a lot of problems to talk作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。5.不定式作定语不定式作定语inabout目的状语还可用目的状语还可用 in order to 或或so as to结果状语还可用结果状语还可用 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等结构来表示等结构来表示1._(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had a
12、n operation on her.2. 2. He hurried to the station only _ ( find ) the train left.不定式在作表语不定式在作表语/ 补语的补语的形容词形容词后面作状语，用主动形式后面作状语，用主动形式表被动意思。表被动意思。 This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?We find this rule hard _ (remember)6.不定式作状语不定式作状语To save to find作目的、结果要用不定式。作目的、结果
13、要用不定式。 to answer to work to remember1._ (实话实说实话实说), he doesnt agree with you. 2. （诚实说（诚实说)，I dont like your idea To tell (you) the truthTo be honest3._（首先），（首先）， Beijing is a very beautiful city。7.不定式作独立成分不定式作独立成分To begin with8.不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what who, which, when, where
14、, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当充当主语，表语，宾语等。主语，表语，宾语等。1.He didnt know what to say.2.How to solve the problem is important. 3.My question is when to start. 1.I saw him_.2.I plan to attend the meeting_ tomorrow4.Im sorry _ you waiting.5.The article is said _ by many people. go outto be held3
15、.He pretended _ (sleep)when I came in. to be sleepingto have keptto have been read9.不定式的时态与语态：不定式的时态与语态：1）不定式的）不定式的一般式一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。2）不定式的）不定式的进行式进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行不定式表示的动作正在进行3）不定式的）不定式的完成式完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 to do /to be done to be doing to have doneto have been done
