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1、The Composition of Word MeaningLecturer: Duan BeiThe composition of word meaning1. Word meaningWhat is word meaningThe motivation of wordsSemantic analysis Semantic field2. The composition of word meaningHomeworkPlease finish the exercises on page 105-107.Exercise onePhonetic motivation: splash, lap
2、, tinkle, bubble, whir, twitterWord formation motivation: depend, ultra-violet, trustworthy, harmless, borderline, skin-deep, straightforwardOrigin motivation: parliament: French word “Parler” means “to speak”. pajamas: Persian words “pae” and “jamab” meant “a large garment”. library: Latin word “li
3、ber” means “book”. panic: “Pan” is the name of one of the frightening Greek God. tank: a new weapon of Britain in WWI. month: the word “ mona” in old English means the period of time the moon measures. watt: It is named after James Watt.Exercise two1. F 2. M 3. I4. B 5. C 6. N7. L8. A9. D10.G11. H12
4、. K13. E14. J15. L16. M17. A18. F19. E20. JExercise three1. rice paper(宣纸宣纸): a kind of thin paper made esp. in China and used by artists there.2. turkey（火鸡）（火鸡）: a type of large bird bred and kept on farms for its meat which is highly regarded as food esp. for Christmas.3. mother pf pearl （珍珠）（珍珠）:
5、 a hard smooth shiny variously colored substance formed inside the shell of certain shellfish, used for making ornamental articles4. black beetle（蟑螂）（蟑螂）: large dark-brown insect that comes out at night in dirty kitchens and places where food is kept.5. Indian ink（墨汁）（墨汁）: dark black ink made from n
6、atural substance, such as that used for Chinese and Japanese writing with a brush.6. milestone（里程碑）（里程碑）: a stone at the side of a road, on which is marked the number of miles to the next town.The composition of word meaningPlease use of tree diagram to clarify the relationship between the following
7、 terms concerned with word meaning: grammatical meaning lexical meaning conceptual meaning associative meaning connotative meaning stylistic meaning affective meaning collocative meaningThe composition of word meaning1.Grammatical meaning 2. Lexical meaningConceptual meaning Associative meaningConno
8、tative meaningStylistic meaningAffective meaningCollocative meaning1.Grammatical meaning of a wordGrammatical meaning of a word refers to the part of the meaning of the word which show the grammatical property of the word.“girl” is the singular form of the word “girl”.“worked” is the past tense form
9、 of the word “work”Functional words only have grammatical meaning, and content words have both grammatical meaning and lexical meaning.2.Lexical meaningConceptual meaning (referential meaning, dictionary meaning)Core of word meaningComparatively stableGeneral and concrete Associative meaningThe atta
10、ched meaningIt changes with the contextAssociative meaningConnotative meaning(内涵意义内涵意义)Stylistic meaning（文体意义）（文体意义）Affective meaning（情感意义）（情感意义）Collocative meaning（搭配意义）（搭配意义）Connotative meaning(内涵意义内涵意义)Connotative meaning refers to the associated characteristics of the word.Associative meaning of
11、 a word differ in different language because different cultural background.Color wordAnimal wordsStylistic meaning（文体意义）（文体意义） Stylistic meaning of a word refer to the property of using it in a certain occasion.Neutral styleBasic word stock in English and their featureParticular styleFormal Informal
12、Neologism and obsolescenceRegional dialect and social dialectNeutral styleBasic word stock in English and their featureHigh use frequencyStrong word formation abilityHigh collocative abilityPolysemySo basic word stock is the core of the English vocabulary.Particular styleFormal Learned wordsTechnica
13、l wordsInformalStandard informal words (colloquialism)Nonstandard informal words (slang, vulgarism, professionalism, argot)Neologism and obsolescenceRegional dialect and social dialectLearned words (literary words)书面词（文言词）书面词（文言词）Learned words (Literary words) are chiefly used in writing, especially
14、 in books written in a more elevated style, in official documents, or in formal speeches. In English, most of the literary words are of French, Latin or Greek origin. Many of them have their everyday synonyms.Technical words（术语）（术语）Technical words refer to those words used in particular disciplines
15、and academic areas. They are also called terminologies or technical terms. Since technical words have very obvious technical style, it improper to use them in every day English.Slang language（俚语）（俚语）Slang is defined as language, words or phrases of a colorful, humorous or taboo nature and is invente
16、d for specific occasions. The chief reason for the formation and use of slang expressions is to secure freshness and novelty. Slang is highly colloquial language which is suitable in oral English.For example:Smoky, bear (police)Nut, dome, upper, bean, block (head)Vulgarism（俗词语）（俗词语）Vulgarism is the
17、words used by people who had little education. So these words stylistically vulgar and indecent.Ungrammaticality is one of the most important feature ofFor example:Seen for sawKnowed for knewProfessionalism（行话）（行话）Professionalism refers to the words which are only used within a profession.Profession
18、alism usually have playful nature.Hypodermichypo (nurse)Bombbuster (solider)A herd of swan, a flight of doves (hunter)Argot( 黑话黑话)Argot refers to the words used by a particular group f people, esp. by prisoners for secret communications within themselves.dip (扒手扒手)Spear （掏腰包）（掏腰包）Affective meaning（情
19、感意义）（情感意义）Affective meaning refers to the word property of expressing the emotion and attitudes of the speaker.Most of the word in English are neutral. Only a few of them are slanted or loaded.A special phenomenon is that several word share the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their affective
20、meaningSlenderthinskinnyGatheringcrowd-mobCollocative meaning（搭配意义）（搭配意义）Collocative meaning refers to the word property which use together with certain words according to the grammatical rules.Pretty boyHandsome boyVery goodFully awakeSound sleepSummaryGrammatical meaning Lexical meaningConceptual meaning Associative meaningConnotative meaningStylistic meaningAffective meaningCollocative meaningHomeworkPlease finish exercises on page 127-134.
