《英语词汇提高Chapter.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语词汇提高Chapter.ppt（16页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Chapter 9外国语学院杨莉萍2012年春alter nv.tomakesomethingorsomeonedifferentneg.Thisdoesntalterthefactthatwhatyoudidwaswrong.nalterationn.neg.1)Theeditormadeafewminoralterationtothetext.n2)Haveyounoticedanyalterationinherbehavior?nalternativenn.somethingthatyoucanchooseinsteadofsomethingelse供替代的选择；供选择的东西neg.Th
2、etreatmentisofferedasanalternativetosurgery.nadj.(beforen.only)供替代的，可选择的neg.1)Wearenowlookingforanalternativeclassroom.n2)Alternativemethodsofgettingtherewillbeinvestigated.nsyn：optional adj. 可以选择的，随意的可以选择的，随意的nEg.Universitieshaverespondedtodemandsforstudentstohaveabetterknowledgeofindustrybyofferin
3、goptionalbusinesscoursesinartsdegree.n学生必须更好地熟悉工业，针对这一要求，大学已作出反应,在文科学位里，开设商业选修课。nalternatenv.ifonethingalternatewithanother,ithappensafteritandkeepsbeingrepeatedneg.1)Wetdaysalternatedwithdryones.n2)Hismoodalternatesbetweenjoyanddespair.n3)Laytheshapesonthefabric,alternatingthecolours.n交替,更迭；交替变化,(两
4、者间)切换;使轮流nalternatingcurrent交流电ampleadj.(usu.beforean.)1. enough or more than enough in quantity or size, or space, etc.eg.Theyhaveamplemoneyforthejourney.Thereisroomforanamplegarden.2. abundant, plentifuleg.Heisamanofamplestrength.Hereceivedanamplesalaryfromthecompany.amplifyv.放大，扩大(声音)；详述，进一步阐明amp
5、lifiern.扩音器，扬声器形近词：形近词：sample ?1.abundant: is mostly restricted to observations about a particular place rather than a particular time, usu. suggesting a valued or desirable quantity.eg.Thereareabundantsuppliesoffirewoodintheforest. Thisisalandabundantinminerals. 2. plentiful: relates to a desirable
6、 quantity or even a superfluity of sth. eg.Thereisaplentifulsupplyoffishinthemarket. Onthisislandtheediblefruitissoplentifulthatitrotsonthevine. 3. adequate: may suggest that not only quantity but also quality is up to what is required, and can be used between an article and an abstract noun.eg.Hisk
7、nowledgeofFrenchisadequateforthejob. Wehaveanadequatesupplyoffoodforthehike. 4. enough: can never be applied to quality, is always used before plural nouns, of nouns denoting sth. that is measurable, never after an article. eg.Theexpressionan adequate room is okbutan enough roomis unacceptable.5.suf
8、ficient:suggeststhesameasenough,moreformal,andismoreoftenusedtoindicatedegree,emphasizingtheendbeingsought.eg.Itissufficienttofeedahundredmen.Ourpreparationissufficienttocopewiththehardnewjob.词根词根chron = timenchronicnchroniclenchronographnchronologynchronologicalnchronometernsynchronizensynchronousn
9、adj.慢性的；长期的nn.编年史nn.计时器nn.年代学；年表nadj.按年代顺序记载的nn.航海用的经线仪nv.同时发生；时间一致nadj.同时发生的；同时的词根词根tend, tens, tent = to stretch (chapter 2)ncontendv.neg.Parentsoftencontendoverhowtoeducatetheironlychild.ncontentionn.nintense adj. neg.MyworkissointensethatIevenhavenotimetotakearest.nintensive nintensify nextensiv
10、e ntension n紧张程度、状态；张力npretendnpretense/ceneg.Alexmadenopretenceofhidingherdisappointment.npretensionn.造作；矫饰npretentiousadj.造作的neg.ItssopretentiousofhertogreeteveryoneinFrench.前缀：前缀：pro- = forward, forth向前向前nprovoke v. 挑衅，煽动，激起挑衅，煽动，激起npropose nvt.计划,建议,向.提议,求(婚)vi.打算,求婚nEg.Iwishtoproposeatoasttoour
11、friendship.n我提议为我们的友谊干杯。词根pos = to place, to put放置，摆放ncomposev.组成组成, 写作写作, 排字排字, (使使)安定安定, 调解调解neg.Imtryingtocomposealetter;pleasedontmakesomuchnoise.n我在整理思绪要写信呢;请别这么吵。ndeposevt.免职免职, 废废(王位王位), 作证作证 vi.宣誓作证宣誓作证neg.Thewitnessdeposedthathehadseentheaccusedonthedayofthemurder.n证人宣誓证明在谋杀案发生那天他曾看见被告。nopp
12、osevt.反对反对, 使对立使对立, 使对抗使对抗, 抗争抗争 vi.反对反对neg.Atfirstheopposedthemarriage,butintheendhegavehisconsent.n开始他反对这门婚事，但最后他表示同意了。nrefrain v.n(fml.)tostopyourselffromdoingsomething.Thiswordisoftenusedinofficialannouncementsorsigns.克制，抑制，节制，忍耐neg.Pleaserefrainfromspittinginpublicplaces.n restrainv.restraintn.
13、n1)tostopsomeoneoryourselffromdoingsth.neg.Pleaserestrainyourselffromcoughingduringtheperformance.nThegovernmenturgedtheprotesterstoexerciserestraint.n2)tophysicallycontrolthemovementsofapersonoranimalneg.Thepassengershadtoberestrainedbyfourmembersofthecabincrew.nconstrainv.tostopsomeonefromdoingwha
14、ttheywanttodo阻止，限制阻止，限制neg.1)Coldweatherconstrainstheplantsgrowth.n寒冷的天气抑制抑制了植物的生长。n2)Womensemploymentopportunitiesareoftenseverelyconstrainedbyfamilycommitments.n女性的就业机会常常受到家庭责任的严重限制限制。nconstraintn.neg.Theyhaveimposedpoliticalconstraintsonfinancialdevelopment.nrestrictv.restrictionn1)tokeepsomethin
15、gwithinstrictlimits限制neg.(1)Doctorshaverestrictedthenumberofvisitstotwoperday.n(2)Itrytorestrictmyselftoonedessertaday.n2)tophysicallylimitorcontrolthemovementofsomethingorsomeoneneg.Thedrugrestrictsbloodflow.nconfinev.使局限于，限制；幽禁，禁闭；防止扩散使局限于，限制；幽禁，禁闭；防止扩散neg.(1)Theriskofinfectionisconfinedtorelative
16、lysmallgroups.n(2)Poorhealthkepthimconfinedtohisroom.n(3)Theymanagedtoconfinethefiretotheengineroom.ncon+fine单词fine-罚款,词根fin-限制.如define定义,infinite无限,constrain=restrain限制.nrefrain克制,词根strain源于string(线，弦).因此引申为用力拉，拉紧.但为什么refrain是“克制”？str变成fr的真正原因：frain有breakoff的含义.off表示离开.“克制”更强调彻底与某事断开联系.比如少玩游戏(限制strain)和杜绝玩游戏(克制frain)是不一样的哦.confine国界，限制（boundary，limit）
