罗立胜学术综合英语Unit5

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1、mainUnit 5Population2012Part A Section A Pre-listening-Background InformationTEAM KentuckyCurrently 23 partners strong, TEAM Kentucky is a combination of people, communities and state entities throughout Kentucky that understand how important sports events are to their strength and culture. Its a gr

2、oup of people who work with one another to recruit and attract sporting events to thePre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningSection A Pre-listening-Background Informationstate, and to provide the best service possible to our customers and their events. TEAM

3、Kentucky partners are leaders in their communities as well as in the sports travel and tourism industry.Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningSection A. New Words and Expressionsanchorcloaked in stigma and shameheadstonechanttraumaticreach out广播或电视节目主持人广播或电

4、视节目主持人蒙上了耻辱外衣蒙上了耻辱外衣墓石墓石单调反复地喊或说单调反复地喊或说造成创伤的造成创伤的伸出手（求助或给予帮助）伸出手（求助或给予帮助）Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningsecured a spot on the Western Kentucky team as a walk-on 得到在肯塔基队作替补队员的位置得到在肯塔基队作替补队员的位置Section A. New Words and Expressionsweightycemetery graves

5、itemeasure up counsel严肃的严肃的墓地，坟地墓地，坟地墓地墓地符合标准符合标准提议；劝告提议；劝告Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeninggive up eating for fear of choking因噎废食因噎废食Section A Listen Task 1Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListeningThe TV

6、program Early Show has invited a correspondent, some parents whose sons have committed suicide, a psychiatrist, and others to the studio to talk about campus suicides with the ultimate purpose of alarming people and saving lives.Suicide on CampusSection A Listen Task 1Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and

7、Take Notes Task 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListeningListen to the TV program and try to get its main ideas by taking notes. Fill in the blanks according to your notes.1. Today, parents and students alike like drug and alcohol abuse and unsafe sex on college campuses. But relatively few are suic

8、ide. And suicide is accidents as a leading cause of death among college students.are constantlyreminded of the problems_second only to _warned about _2. A study by the American College Health Association showed that meet the criteria for clinical depression.3. They have begun to the cause and the pr

9、oblem and actively intervene.4. In a cemetery on the outskirts of Louisville, Kentucky, youll find the message “Tell them, Momma, ” on his small headstone.5. Young people dont want to , so theres a whole series of things that at that time.Section A Listen Task 1Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take No

10、tes Task 2 Listen for DetailsPart AListening15 percent of students_look seriously into_seek solutions to the problem and_Part Ba lifestoo much to lose_happen specifically_disappoint_Task 2.1Listen to the TV program again and try to answer the following questions.1. What are the problems that parents

11、 and students are constantly reminded of?The problems like drug and alcohol abuse, and unsafe sex on college campuses.2. What do you think is the reason campus suicides are not often talked about?Probably because its a topic cloaked in stigma and shame.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take No

12、tes Task 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B A major problem is that a large number of students are away from home for the first time in their life, and that can be traumatic. And there are pressures from peers, parents expectations and high unemployment, etc. Campus romance also counts.Task 2.23. Why

13、did Nathan Eisert take his own life two years ago, according to what you have heard?He injured his foot and lost his place on the basketball team. He thought he wasnt measuring up anymore.4. According to Mr. and Mrs. Satow, what are the major reasons students commit suicide?Pre-listeningListeningTas

14、k 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BTask 2.3Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B5. What are students encouraged to do when faced with troubles?To seek counseling and reach out for help.6. What is the main purpose of this

15、TV show?To save precious lives.Anchor: Good morning, everybody. Im expecting all of you to gather here for the half-hour Early Show. Today, parents and students alike are constantly reminded of the problems like drug and alcohol abuse, and unsafe sex on college campuses. But relatively few are warne

16、d about suicide. And suicide is second only to accidents as a leading cause of death among college students. Our Early Show correspondent Tracy Smith reports on this very real danger that often goes undiscussed. Hello, Tracy.ScriptSuicide on CampusPart APart BTracy Smith: Hi, Teresa. I know that tod

17、ays topic campus suicides is obviously weightier than the others we have talked about before. But we cannot give up eating for fear of choking. It is high time we looked at the issue face to face. A study by the American College Health Association showed that 15 percent of students meet the criteria

18、 for clinical depression. Although its a topic cloaked in stigma and shame, more colleges and universities are choosing to confront it, rather than wait until its too late. They have begun to look seriously into the reasons and seek solutions to the problem and actively intervene. Now lets watch a s

19、hort film and get some hint of a young college guys tragedy.ScriptPart APart BScriptTracy Smith: Nathan Eisert, 20, took his own life in his college dorm two years ago. In a cemetery on the outskirts of Louisville, Kentucky, youll find the message “Tell them, Momma, a lifes too much to lose” on his

20、small headstone.Jan Ulrich (Nathans mother): The message is for Nathans friends. I want them to see that message, because I think its from Nathan, you know, I really do. I think Nathan sent that message for me to pass along. And when they come to the gravesite, its what I want them to walk away with

21、.Tracy Smith: Always a lover of basketball, the 6-footPart APart BScript5-inch player secured a spot on the Western Kentucky team as a walk-on. Stephen Ulrich (Nathans stepfather): Every time the team got ahead in the game, youd hear the guys in the crowd and everybody chanting, “Nathan, Nathan ” Tr

22、acy Smith: But early in the second season, Nathan injured his foot. He lost his place on the team but never told his family. Stephen Ulrich: Were not realizing that because he couldnt play, because he wasnt achieving, in his mind that he wasnt measuring up. So all of a sudden, hes sinking. Right bef

23、ore everybodys eyes, hes sinking, and we dont even see him sinking.Part APart BScriptPart APart BTracy Smith: Nathan hit rock bottom. And when he didnt show up for a family event, his father went looking for him.Jan Ulrich: Then the phone rang; it was Nathans dad. Ulrich said, “Where are you?” As so

24、on as I heard this, I replied, “Uh-oh Dont tell me what youre gonna tell me. I Dont tell me.” Thats when he told me, “Hes dead. He shot himself.”Tracy Smith: How did things go so horribly wrong, so quickly? Jan and Stephen say they didnt recognize the signs and that Nathan never asked for help.Scrip

25、tPart APart BAnchor: Today we have invited to our studio Mr. Phil Satow and Mrs. Donna Satow, who became experts on the topic after their son, Jed, a student at Arizona State University, committed suicide in 1998.Phil Satow: A major problem is that a large number of students are away from home for t

26、he first time in their life and that can be traumatic. There are so many pressures that theyre facing: peer pressures, expectations of parents of high grades, high unemployment. Young people dont want to disappoint, so theres a whole series of things that happen specifically at that time.ScriptPart

27、APart BDonna Satow: Some of them are also having trouble handling their romance. Sudden breakup of a relationship can hurt one to such a fatal extent.Tracy Smith: Just like other services on campus, parents should encourage their college kids to take advantage of counseling available there. Its also

28、 a good idea for parents and classmates to know some of the warning signs for suicide. The Ulrichs hope that by telling their story, theyll encourage others, including administrators, parents and the students themselves, to reach out.ScriptPart APart BStephen Ulrich: Yes, thats right. Its too late f

29、or us to save Nathan, but its not too late to save another family and another Nathan out there, because theres another kid out there thats screaming for help.Anchor: Thank you, Mr. Ulrich. What you said is what our talk show aims for. Thank you all so much for attending our show. Welcome you back at

30、 the same time next week. Good-bye.Script2Part APart BAnchor: Good morning, everybody. Im expecting all of you to gather here for the half-hour Early Show. Today, parents and students alike are constantly reminded of the problems like drug and alcohol abuse, and unsafe sex on college campuses. But r

31、elatively few are warned about suicide. And suicide is second only to accidents as a leading cause of death among college students. Our Early Show correspondent Tracy Smith reports on this very real danger that often goes undiscussed. Hello, Tracy.Suicide on CampusTracy Smith: Hi, Teresa. I know tha

32、t todays topic campus suicides is obviously weightier than the others we have talked about before. But we cannot give up eating for fear of choking. It is high time we looked at the issue face to face. A study by the American College Health Association showed that 15 percent of students meet the cri

33、teria for clinical depression. Although its a topic cloaked in stigma and shame, more colleges and universities are choosing to confront it, rather than wait until its too late. They have begun to look seriously into the reasons and seek solutions to the problem and actively intervene. Now lets watc

34、h a short film and get some hint of a young college guys tragedy.ScriptPart APart BScriptPart APart BTracy Smith: Nathan Eisert, 20, took his own life in his college dorm two years ago. In a cemetery on the outskirts of Louisville, Kentucky, youll find the message “Tell them, Momma, a lifes too much

35、 to lose” on his small headstone.Jan Ulrich (Nathans mother): The message is for Nathans friends. I want them to see that message, because I think its from Nathan, you know, I really do. I think Nathan sent that message for me to pass along. And when they come to the gravesite, its what I want them

36、to walk away with.Tracy Smith: Always a lover of basketball, the 6-footScript5-inch player secured a spot on the Western Kentucky team as a walk-on. Stephen Ulrich (Nathans stepfather): Every time the team got ahead in the game, youd hear the guys in the crowd and everybody chanting, “Nathan, Nathan

37、 ” Tracy Smith: But early in the second season, Nathan injured his foot. He lost his place on the team but never told his family. Stephen Ulrich: Were not realizing that because he couldnt play, because he wasnt achieving, in his mind that he wasnt measuring up. So all of a sudden, hes sinking. Righ

38、t before everybodys eyes, hes sinking, and we dont even see him sinking.Part APart BScriptTracy Smith: Nathan hit rock bottom. And when he didnt show up for a family event, his father went looking for him.Jan Ulrich: Then the phone rang; it was Nathans dad. Ulrich said, “Where are you?” As soon as I

39、 heard this, I replied, “Uh-oh Dont tell me what youre gonna tell me. I Dont tell me.” Thats when he told me, “Hes dead. He shot himself.”Tracy Smith: How did things go so horribly wrong, so quickly? Jan and Stephen say they didnt recognize the signs and that Nathan never asked for help.Part APart B

40、ScriptAnchor: Today we have invited to our studio Mr. Phil Satow and Mrs. Donna Satow, who became experts on the topic after their son, Jed, a student at Arizona State University, committed suicide in 1998.Phil Satow: A major problem is that a large number of students are away from home for the firs

41、t time in their life and that can be traumatic. There are so many pressures that theyre facing: peer pressures, expectations of parents of high grades, high unemployment. Young people dont want to disappoint, so theres a whole series of things that happen specifically at that time.Part APart BScript

42、Donna Satow: Some of them are also having trouble handling their romance. Sudden breakup of a relationship can hurt one to such a fatal extent.Tracy Smith: Just like other services on campus, parents should encourage their college kids to take advantage of counseling available there. Its also a good

43、 idea for parents and classmates to know some of the warning signs for suicide. The Ulrichs hope that by telling their story, theyll encourage others, including administrators, parents and the students themselves, to reach out.Part APart BScriptPart APart BStephen Ulrich: Yes, thats right. Its too l

44、ate for us to save Nathan, but its not too late to save another family and another Nathan out there, because theres another kid out there thats screaming for help.Anchor: Thank you, Mr. Ulrich. What you said is what our talk show aims for. Thank you all so much for attending our show. Welcome you ba

45、ck at the same time next week. Good-bye.Section B Background InformationBRICWhat Does BRIC Mean?Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BBRIC is an acronym for the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China combined. The general consensus is that the term wa

46、s first prominently used in a Goldman Sachs (高高盛盛公公司司) report from 2003, which speculated that by 2050 these four economies would be wealthier than most of the current major economic powers. The BRIC thesis posits that China and India will become the worlds dominant suppliers of manufactured goods a

47、nd services, respectively, while Brazil and Russia will become similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials. Its important to note that in the Goldman Sachs thesis these countries are not a political alliance (like the European Union) or a formal trading association but they have the potential t

48、o form a powerful economic bloc. BRIC is now also used as a more generic marketing term to refer to these four emerging economies.L-B-P.2Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BInvestopedia explains BRICL-B-P.3Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBa

49、ckground InformationPart APart BDue to lower labor and production costs, many companies also cite BRIC as a source of foreign expansion opportunity.criticism and many countries are actively exploring alternative measures to GDP for that purpose.L-B-P.4Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsB

50、ackground InformationPart APart BGDPThe gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI) is a basic measure of a countrys overall economic output. It is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a country in a year. It is often positively correlated with

51、the standard of living, though its use as a stand-in for measuring the standard of living has come under increasinginternational corporation. The International Labour Organization (ILO) has defined an MNC as a corporation which has its management headquarters in one country known as the home country

52、 and operates in several other countries known as host countries.L-B-P.5Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BMNCA multinational corporation (MNC) or transnational corporation (TNC), also called multinational enterprise (MNE), is a corporation or an enterpr

53、ise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country. It can also be referred to as anL-B-P.6Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BThe first modern multinational corporation is generally thought to be the Dutch East India Company. Nowad

54、ays many corporations have offices, branches or manufacturing plants in different countries from where their original and main headquarters is located.Some multinational corporations are very big, with budgets that exceed some national GDPs. Multinational corporations can have a powerful influence i

55、n local economies, and even the world economy, and play an important role in international relations and globalization.millenniumlaundryplay catch-uprecruitersubstantialBRICGDP per capitamobile phonemultinational corporationsavings boomdependency ratio一千年一千年要洗的衣服要洗的衣服努力赶上努力赶上招聘人员；招工单位招聘人员；招工单位大（量）的大

56、（量）的Brazil, Russia, India andChina （简称（简称“金砖四国金砖四国”）人均国内生产总值人均国内生产总值移动电话，手机移动电话，手机跨国公司（简称跨国公司（简称MNCMNC）储蓄高峰储蓄高峰抚养比率抚养比率L-B-P. New Words and ExpressionsPre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BL-B-P. New Words and ExpressionsPre-listeningListeningNew Words and

57、ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart Bmodernityknackoverlookshedovertakeleague tabledeliver newprosperity tocompetitive edgeservice sectordemographictransition现代性；现代化的状态现代性；现代化的状态诀窍；技能诀窍；技能忽略忽略解雇；去除解雇；去除追上；赶上；超过追上；赶上；超过比赛名次表比赛名次表给给带来新的繁荣带来新的繁荣竞争优势竞争优势服务行业服务行业人口结构（在素质、出生率、人口结构（在素质、出生率、死亡率等方面）过

58、渡性变化死亡率等方面）过渡性变化Task 1A lecturer is going to make a comparison and contrast study between two big countries, China and India.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BChina vs. Indiaone-time worlds leaders, were behind other countries in the second half

59、of the second millennium, and both began to rise again in the middle of the last centuryTask 1Listen to the lecture and try to get its main ideas by taking notes. Fill in the blanks according to your notes.1. Experts compare the competition between China and2. The similarities between the two countr

60、ies lie in the fact that both haveto the race between the hare and the tortoisePre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for Detailsancient civilizations, were the_._._India3. Nowadays China is ahead of India in .4. The three competitive edges that India has and Ch

61、ina should not ignore are1) ;2) ;3) .Task 1Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for DetailsIndia provides better qualified young professionals_GDP per capita_Indias economic growth will come from the service sector, unlike China which relies more heavily on ma

62、nufacturing_India will have a higher investment rate when its birthrate falls_Task 1Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for Details5. The speaker doesnt want to see a race because everyone would like to see the Chinese dragon andthe Indian tiger working toget

63、her to bring peace and prosperity to the world_.Task 2Listen to the lecture again and try to answer the following questions.1.What does the acronym BRIC refer to?2. 2. When did Chinas GDP gain an advantage over Indias?The first letter of each of the four countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China.In

64、 the early 1990s.Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for DetailsFewer jobs are available in the manufacturing sector in China; the service sector is developing fast and healthily in India. The former is a “sunset” industry while the latter is a “sunrise” one.

65、Task 23. How do we know that Chinese city dwellers are leading a more prosperous life than the Indians?We know that China has a knack for producing cheap consumer goods. The average city-dwelling citizen owns one or more televisions and a washing machine, and mobile phones are quite popular.Pre-list

66、eningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for Details4. How are jobs in the manufacturing sector and the service sector compared between the two Asian countries?Task 25. What negative impact has one-child policy had on savings?The one-child policy has led to an aging popul

67、ation. Thus, fewer working people means less money saved.Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for DetailsHello, everybody, in our previous classes we have talked about the great economic potential of the so-called BRIC, the four countries seeing the fastest GD

68、P growth rates in the world. Today we will focus on two of them China and India. Some experts have showed great interest in them. They even compare the rivalry between these two emerging Asian giants to the race between the hare and the tortoise. Who is likely to win, China or India?Historically, th

69、ere are a number of similarities between the two: ancient civilizations (the worldsL-B-L.1 ScriptChina vs. IndiaPart APart BUntil the early 1990s, GDP per capita in China and India was at comparable levels. But since China adopted wide-ranging economic reform one decade earlier than India, Chinas GD

70、P per capita is now 2.2 times higher than Indias.Chinas explosive growth has delivered new prosperity to millions of its citizens, whereas Indias advance has been more gradual. The average ChineseL-B-L.1 Scriptleading and richest at one time); going down the league table in the second half of the se

71、cond millennium; and starting their progress to modernity in the middle of the last century.Part APart BIn spite of all its advantages, China cannot overlook the competitive edge its rival has.First, India is not only producing more young professionals, it is producing better qualified ones, as well

72、. According to a survey of local recruiters, only 10 percent of Chinas engineers have the skills necessary to work in a multinational corporation, compared to 25 percent of engineers in India. L-B-L.1 Scriptcity dweller owns a television or two, does laundry with the help of a washing machine, and s

73、tays connected with a mobile phone. India, despite lacking Chinas knack for producing cheap consumer goods, is rapidly playing catch-up.Part APart BL-B-L.1 Script Second, manufacturing is not a stable source of job growth. China has already shed 15 million manufacturing jobs in the past decade. By c

74、ontrast, half of Indias economy is made up of service-sector companies, which is growing smarter. Last but not least, China, with its aging population, is likely to see an end to the savings boom promoted by its one-child policy. India, however, is just entering its own demographic transition. Now t

75、he dependency ratio is declining as the birth rate and population growth rate fall. This should allow a substantial rise in Indias investment rate.Part APart BL-B-L.1 ScriptAs these two countries are gaining a stronger position in the world market, what the international community expects to see wil

76、l no longer be the tortoise overtaking the hare, but the Chinese dragon and Indian tiger working together to bring peace and prosperity to the world.Part APart BHello, everybody, in our previous classes we have talked about the great economic potential of the so-called BRIC, the four countries seein

77、g the fastest GDP growth rates in the world. Today we will focus on two of them China and India. Some experts have showed great interest in them. They even compare the rivalry between these two emerging Asian giants to the race between the hare and the tortoise. Who is likely to win, China or India?

78、Historically, there are a number of similarities between the two: ancient civilizations (the worldsChina vs. IndiaL-B-L.1 Script2Part APart BUntil the early 1990s, GDP per capita in China and India was at comparable levels. But since China adopted wide-ranging economic reform one decade earlier than

79、 India, Chinas GDP per capita is now 2.2 times higher than Indias.Chinas explosive growth has delivered new prosperity to millions of its citizens, whereas Indias advance has been more gradual. The average Chineseleading and richest at one time); going down the league table in the second half of the

80、 second millennium; and starting their progress to modernity in the middle of the last century.L-B-L.1 ScriptPart APart BIn spite of all its advantages, China cannot overlook the competitive edge its rival has.First, India is not only producing more young professionals, it is producing better qualif

81、ied ones, as well. According to a survey of local recruiters, only 10 percent of Chinas engineers have the skills necessary to work in a multinational corporation, compared to 25 percent of engineers in India. city dweller owns a television or two, does laundry with the help of a washing machine, an

82、d stays connected with a mobile phone. India, despite lacking Chinas knack for producing cheap consumer goods, is rapidly playing catch-up.L-B-L.1 ScriptPart APart BL-B-L.1 Script Second, manufacturing is not a stable source of job growth. China has already shed 15 million manufacturing jobs in the

83、past decade. By contrast, half of Indias economy is made up of service-sector companies, which is growing smarter. Last but not least, China, with its aging population, is likely to see an end to the savings boom promoted by its one-child policy. India, however, is just entering its own demographic

84、transition. Now the dependency ratio is declining as the birth rate and population growth rate fall. This should allow a substantial rise in Indias investment rate.Part APart BL-B-L.1 ScriptAs these two countries are gaining a stronger position in the world market, what the international community e

85、xpects to see will no longer be the tortoise overtaking the hare, but the Chinese dragon and Indian tiger working together to bring peace and prosperity to the world.Part APart BPart B- Pair Work.1Form pairs and answer the following questions. After a brief discussion, some students will be invited

86、to present their ideas in front of the class.1. Why do youth attempt suicide?Pair WorkPart B- Pair Work.22. How to improve students mental health?Pair Work1. Unlike adults, youth do not have the ability to think about life and life events in broader perspective or “big picture”. They tend to believe

87、 that all of the unhappiness they are feeling and experiencing will go on forever. Everything that is happening to them is in the “here and now” and they cant begin to think that there might be a brighter future just around the corner. In many cases, they dont believe that anyone can help them, and

88、they feel helpless and hopeless within their situation. They believe that they can either choose to live with the pain, or end it by ending their life. Unfortunately their ultimate decision could be fatal.Part B- Pair Work.2Pair WorkPart B- Pair Work.22. Pair WorkIn modern society, people are destin

89、ed to cope with a lot of pressure, from either outer world or inner will. As a consequence, it is imperative for the colleges and universities to take effective actions to keep students mental health. In the first place, universities ought to establish a consultative office, staffed with qualified a

90、nd experienced psychology professionals. In case of mental illness, students should not hesitate to go to counselors for help. In the second place, universities should set up psychology-related courses and seminars to guide the students to get rid of the negative emotions.Part B- Pair Work.2It is vi

91、tal for us to keep mental health under whatsoever circumstances. All of us have experienced failures. However, some with self-confidence may draw lessons from failure and achieve success, while others are desperately frustrated.Pair WorkBefore ReadingWatch a video clip and discuss the following ques

92、tions with your partner.Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading1) Describe what happens in the video clip and how Mr. Bean feels during the exam.2) What is the relationship between cheating and corruption?3) What can be an effective mechanism to act against cheating and corruption?R-A-1.1Before

93、ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Since the mid-1990s, the issue of corruption has gained a prominent place on the global agenda. International organizations, including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the UN, have adopted conventions requiring that their membe

94、rs enact laws prohibiting bribery andR-B-T1The Long War Against CorruptionBen W. Heineman, Jr., and Fritz HeimannBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingA WAY TO GOR-B-T2extortion. International financial agencies, notably the World Bank, have announced programs aimed at ensuring fair and open co

95、ntracting for their projects and stopping misappropriation by government officials. Most nations have enacted some type of anticorruption law. International business groups have promulgated model codes of behavior, and multinational corporations (MNCs) now claim to be implementing antibribery progra

96、ms. The leading nongovernmentalBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T3organization (NGO) in this area, Transparency International (TI), has conducted analysis and advocacy through chapters in over 90 nations. The international media report instances of corruption in high places virtually e

97、very day (often at great risk).Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T4 Underlying these changes in rules, rhetoric, and awareness is the growing recognition that bribery and extortion have demonstrably deleterious consequences. Gone is the day when some pundits seriously argued that corrup

98、tion was an efficient corrective for overregulated economies or that it should be tolerated as an inevitable byproduct of intractable forces. The true impact of corruption is now widely acknowledged: corruptionBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T5 distorts markets and competition, breeds

99、 cynicism among citizens, undermines the rule of law, damages government legitimacy, and corrodes the integrity of the private sector. It is also a major barrier to international development systemic misappropriation by kleptocratic governments harms the poor.Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Read

100、ingR-B-T6Although it is difficult to quantify global corruption, there is little question that huge problems exist. For example, the World Bank estimated in 2004 that public officials worldwide receive more than $1 trillion in bribes each year (and that figure does not include embezzlement). A 2005

101、survey by the Russian think tank Indem found that more than $300 billion in bribes is paid in Russia annually (a ten-fold increase since the last survey, in 2001) and that more than half of all Russians have at some point been asked for a payoff. Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T7Acco

102、rding to the 2005 Volcker report (a report on the UNs former oil-for-food program by an independent committee headed by the economist Paul Volcker), more than 2,000 companies participating in the oil-for-food program almost half of the total may have been involved in kickback schemes. And the drumbe

103、at of scandals continues, with events in China, Indonesia, Kenya, Russia, and the United States leading the news during the past year.Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T8 Given vast, continuing problems, the anticorruption movement will maintain its credibility and momentum only if it c

104、an translate its rhetoric into action and prevent and punish misbehavior in a more focused and systematic manner. In the near term, the implementation of anticorruption measures must come in important part from international organizations, developed nations, and MNCs. Developing nations also have a

105、critical role to play. But their legal, political, Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T9 and economic systems vary greatly they are failed or failing, fragile or rising and so anti-corruption initiatives in the developing world will have to be a part of, and dependent on, each countrys b

106、road, complex, and often lengthy state-building process.Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T10Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingPOLYMORPHOUSLY CORRUPT Corruption takes many forms. It has a supply side (private bribers) and a demand side (public officials). There is grand corrupt

107、ion, involving high-level officials with discretionary authority over government policy, and petty corruption, involving lower-level officials who control access to basic services such as education and electricity. There is the dynamic between the developed nations that are a main source of the fund

108、s and the developing nations that host the majority of the officials who extort and misappropriate. Tackling this multifaceted problem, and understanding how near-term priorities fit into long-term approaches, requires pursuing four types of measures. First is enforcement, which seeks to deter futur

109、e misconduct by investigating and prosecuting existing corruption. Second is prevention: the enactment and implementation of legislation and administrative regulations that choke off corrupt practices (such measures should include ombudsman systems, whistleblower protection laws, transparent rules o

110、f procurement and accounting, freedom-of-informationR-B-T11Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T12 laws, auditing and internal-control requirements for public and private entities, and anti-money-laundering regimes). Third is the much more complex process of state building, which consists

111、 of institutional reforms designed to create a society of laws, not men, and to build a transparent, accountable, and durable legal, economic, and political foundation. Finally, there is the cultural dimension of anticorruption, which involves transmitting positive values and norms that can strength

112、en the enforcement, prevention, and state-building measures.Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T13Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingPOLITICS AND POLICIES The most important question facing the anticorruption movement today is how to create a politics that can make the policies o

113、f enforcement and prevention effective and change the mindset of international institutions, developed nations, and MNCs. To make financial discipline operational, international financial institutions must change the perspective of those staff members who, eager to push money out the door, oppose co

114、nditioning loans or grants on securing commitments from beneficiaries to fight corruption. R-B-T14Developed nations must show the political will to investigate and prosecute their national corporations when they engage in bribery abroad, even in the face of intense global competition. Finally, MNCs

115、must overcome short-term economic pressures and old ways of doing business so as to create and sustain an anticorruption culture and effective corporate compliance procedures.Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T15Ultimately, the most potent force for change is the idea that corruption is

116、 morally repugnant and inimical to competition, globalization, the rule of law, international development, and the welfare of citizens around the world. During the past decade, many public- and private-sector actors have paid lip service to the idea that fighting corruption is in both their own inte

117、rest and the interest of the global good. Now they must act.Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-B-T1- enactenact: v. make into law 制定法律制定法律Several bills were enacted at the end of this session of Parliament.这届国会结束时，好几个议案制定成为法律。这届国会结束时，好几个议案制定成为法律。Congress refused to enact the bill. 国会拒绝通过该议

118、案。国会拒绝通过该议案。e.g.R-B-T1- extortionextortion: n. illegal use of ones official position or powers to obtain property, funds, or patronage 强取，敲诈，勒索强取，敲诈，勒索They were aggrieved by oppression and extortion.他们饱受压迫和榨取之苦。他们饱受压迫和榨取之苦。You cant bring out the truth by extortion of confession. 你用逼供是不可能获得实情的。你用逼供是不

119、可能获得实情的。e.g.R-B-T2- promulgatepromulgate: v. announce or put into effect (a decree, etc.) officially 发布，公布，发表发布，公布，发表The king promulgated a decree.国王颁布了一项法令。国王颁布了一项法令。e.g.The author holds that combining rhetoric and semantic is a new way of development of modern Chinese rhetoric. 作作者者认认为为将将修修辞辞和和语语义

120、义结结合合起起来来进进行行研研究究是是现现代代汉汉语语修辞学发展的一条新路。修辞学发展的一条新路。I am tired of the empty rhetoric of politicians.我讨厌政客们的花言巧语。我讨厌政客们的花言巧语。The sentence contains impassioned rhetoric.这个句子含有富有表现力的修辞。这个句子含有富有表现力的修辞。e.g.R-B-T3- rhetoricrhetoric: n. speech or writing which is intended to be effective and persuasive 修辞，华丽虚

121、修辞，华丽虚饰的语言，修辞学饰的语言，修辞学R-B-T4- punditpundit: n. a learned person 权威人士，专家，博学的人权威人士，专家，博学的人He was the only pundit to prophesy a confrontation with Russia.他是唯一的一位预见到与俄国对抗的权威人士。他是唯一的一位预见到与俄国对抗的权威人士。The pundits disagree on the best way of dealing with the problem. 如何妥善处理这一问题，专家众说纷纭。如何妥善处理这一问题，专家众说纷纭。e.g.H

122、ow dare he distort the facts so brazenly!他怎么敢如此肆无忌惮地歪曲事实！他怎么敢如此肆无忌惮地歪曲事实！The government was accused of having systematically distorted the protesters case.政府因为有计划地歪曲抗议者的观点而受到谴责。政府因为有计划地歪曲抗议者的观点而受到谴责。The reporter distorted the facts.记者歪曲了事实。记者歪曲了事实。You have distorted my motives. 你曲解了我的动机。你曲解了我的动机。R-B

123、-T5- distortdistort: v. change sth. from its usual, original, natural or intended meaning, condition or shape 变形，扭曲，变形，扭曲，歪曲歪曲e.g.R-B-T5- corrodecorrode: v. impair steadily 腐蚀，侵蚀腐蚀，侵蚀This acid may corrode iron.这种酸也许能腐蚀铁。这种酸也许能腐蚀铁。Iron corrodes easily. 铁易锈损。铁易锈损。e.g.R-B-T6- kickbackkickback: n. (slan

124、g) a return of a percentage of a sum of money already received, typically as a result of pressure, coercion, or a secret agreement 美俚佣金，回扣美俚佣金，回扣Later, the fund manager gets a nice fat kickback. 随后，基金经理拿到大笔回扣。随后，基金经理拿到大笔回扣。e.g.R-B-T6- fragilefragile: a. easily broken or damaged 易碎的，脆的，易碎的，脆的，精细的精细的G

125、lasses are fragile and must be handled with great care.玻璃制品易碎，必须小心轻放。玻璃制品易碎，必须小心轻放。Human happiness is so fragile.人生幸福易逝。人生幸福易逝。e.g.R-B-T6- discretionarydiscretionary: a. available for use as needed or desired 随意的，酌情的随意的，酌情的Our target customers are the 2535 year olds who have a lot of discretionary b

126、uying power.我我们们的的目目标标消消费费者者是是拥拥有有很很强强的的可可支支配配购购买买力力的的年年龄龄在在2525至至3535岁之间的人群。岁之间的人群。e.g.R-B-T7- deter deter: v. prevent or discourage 阻止，抑制，威吓阻止，抑制，威吓Several factors deter new industry from coming to the city.许多因素阻碍了新工业进入这座城市。许多因素阻碍了新工业进入这座城市。These difficulties, these differences, should not deter u

127、s.这些困难和差异不应该使我们踟蹰不前。这些困难和差异不应该使我们踟蹰不前。e.g.R-B-T7- ombudsmanombudsman: n. government official who investigates complaints made by people concerning abuses or arbitrary acts of public officials 调查官员舞调查官员舞弊情况的政府官员弊情况的政府官员The ombudsman investigates complaints about misuse of authority without fear or fa

128、vour.专门调查官员舞弊情况的政府官员公正地调查了关于专门调查官员舞弊情况的政府官员公正地调查了关于滥用权力的投诉。滥用权力的投诉。e.g.R-B-T7- auditaudit: v. make an official examination of accounts, etc. 审计，旁听审计，旁听Dont let that firm handle your auditing; they made a complete balls-up of ours.不要让那家公司来处理你的帐目，他们把我们的帐弄不要让那家公司来处理你的帐目，他们把我们的帐弄得一塌糊涂。得一塌糊涂。As usual, th

129、e yearly audit will take place in December.跟往常一样，年度审计将在十二月份进行。跟往常一样，年度审计将在十二月份进行。e.g.R-B-T7- compliance compliance: n. comformity 顺从，遵从顺从，遵从Compliance with the rules is expected of all members.全体人员都应遵守规定。全体人员都应遵守规定。In compliance with your wishes we have withdrawn our suggestion.遵照你的要求我们已将建议撤销。遵照你的要求

130、我们已将建议撤销。e.g.R-B-T7- potent potent: a. powerful 强有力的，有效的强有力的，有效的I was convinced by his potent arguments.他用有力的论据把我说服了。他用有力的论据把我说服了。e.g.R-B-T7- repugnant repugnant: a. arousing disgust or aversion 令人厌恶的，令人厌恶的，讨厌的讨厌的All food was repugnant to me during my illness.我生病时吃什么都恶心。我生病时吃什么都恶心。I find his racist

131、views totally repugnant.我十分厌恶他的种族主义观点。我十分厌恶他的种族主义观点。The idea of accepting a bribe was repugnant to me.我一想到受贿这种事就非常反感。我一想到受贿这种事就非常反感。e.g.R-B-T7- inimical inimical: a. adverse 为敌的，不友善的为敌的，不友善的Wealth is not inimical to welfare; it ought to be its friendliest agency.财富并无碍于幸福，而应是最可亲的媒介。财富并无碍于幸福，而应是最可亲的媒介

132、。His policies are inimical to academic freedom.他的政策不利于学术自由。他的政策不利于学术自由。e.g.R-B-T8- Since the mid-1990sSince the mid-1990s, the issue of corruption has gained a prominent place on the global agenda.Since the middle of 1990s, the problem of corruption is attracting more and more attention from the int

133、ernational community.R-B-T8- International financial agenciesInternational financial agencies, notably the World Bank, have announced programs aimed at ensuring fair and open contracting for their projects and stopping misappropriation by government officials.The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family o

134、f five international organizations that makes leveraged loans, generally to poor countries. The Bank came into formal existence on 27 December 1945 following international ratification of the Bretton Woods agreements, which emerged from the United NationsR-B-T10- International financial agenciesMone

135、tary and Financial Conference (122 July 1944). It also provided the foundation of the Osiander-Committee in 1951, responsible for the preparation and evaluation of the World Development Report. Commencing operations on 25 June 1946, it approved its first loan on 9 May 1947 ($250M to France for postw

136、ar reconstruction, in real terms the largest loan issued by the Bank to date). Its five agencies are:- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) - International Development Association (IDA) R-B-T12- International financial agencies- International Finance Corporation (IFC) - Multi

137、lateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) - International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) The term “World Bank” generally refers to the IBRD and IDA, whereas the World Bank Group is used to refer to the institutions collectively.R-B-T1- International financial agenciesInternati

138、onal financial agencies, among which the World Bank deserves attention, have made an announcement of programs intended to make sure that project contracts are honest and open. Meanwhile, the programs also aim at preventing government officials from fraudulent misuse of money.R-B-T2- Underlying these

139、 changes in rules Underlying these changes in rules, rhetoric, and awareness is the growing recognition that bribery and extortion have demonstrably deleterious consequences.Note that this is a sentence in the inverted order. The non-inverted order should be:The growing recognition that bribery and

140、extortion have demonstrably deleterious consequences is underlying these changes in rules, rhetoric, and awareness.R-B-T5- The true impact of corruption is now The true impact of corruption is now widely acknowledged: corruption distorts markets and competition, breeds cynicism among citizens, under

141、mines the rule of law, damages government legitimacy, and corrodes the integrity of the private sector.Now it is widely acknowledged that the true influence of corruption: markets cannot regulate supply and demand properly and no equal opportunity is offered to all the competitors because of illegal

142、 manipulation by government officials. Citizens begin to take aR-B-T1- The true impact of corruption is now mocking and suspicious attitude toward the civil servants in authority, and become more and more suspicious about the governments lawful leadership. Corruption also eats away at the soundness

143、of the private enterprises and entities.R-B-T8- And the drumbeat of scandals continuesAnd the drumbeat of scandals continues, with events in China, Indonesia, Kenya, Russia, and the United States leading the news during the past year.And corrupt officials are detected and exposed to the public by th

144、e media as important news one by one and such scandals warn the people repetitively as drumbeats in China, Indonesia, Kenya, Russia, and the United States during the past year.R-B-T8- Tackling this multifaceted problemTackling this multifaceted problem, and understanding how near-term priorities fit

145、 into long-term approaches, requires pursuing four types of measures. Handling this complicated problem, and understanding what to do immediately and in a long run, or what short-term tasks are in relation to long-term goals, requests adopting the following four kinds of measures.前进道路前进道路 自自2020世纪世纪

146、9090年代中期以来，腐败问题一直占据着全球议事日年代中期以来，腐败问题一直占据着全球议事日程的突出地位。一些国际机构，如经济合作和开发组织以及联合程的突出地位。一些国际机构，如经济合作和开发组织以及联合国，采取了协约的形式，要求各成员国制定法律禁止行贿受贿和国，采取了协约的形式，要求各成员国制定法律禁止行贿受贿和索贿等行为。一些国际金融机构，尤其是世界银行，宣布了多个索贿等行为。一些国际金融机构，尤其是世界银行，宣布了多个方案，旨在确保其项目承包的公正和公开性，杜绝政府官员侵吞方案，旨在确保其项目承包的公正和公开性，杜绝政府官员侵吞私占。大多数国家都出台了某种形式的反腐败法。国际商业团体私占

147、。大多数国家都出台了某种形式的反腐败法。国际商业团体也颁布了行为示范法规，跨国公司如今宣称正在实施反贿赂计划。也颁布了行为示范法规，跨国公司如今宣称正在实施反贿赂计划。反腐倡廉方面的非政府机构的带头人反腐倡廉方面的非政府机构的带头人“透明国际透明国际”也通过其分布也通过其分布在在9090多个国家的分支机构开展了分析和倡导活动。国际媒体事实多个国家的分支机构开展了分析和倡导活动。国际媒体事实上是每天（常常冒着极大的风险）报道高层人物腐败堕落的事例。上是每天（常常冒着极大的风险）报道高层人物腐败堕落的事例。R-B-1.2 T1反腐败持久战反腐败持久战小本小本WW海涅曼和弗里茨海涅曼和弗里茨海曼海曼

148、R-B-1.2 T2 之所以出现了这些新的规章、反腐誓言和觉悟的提高，其之所以出现了这些新的规章、反腐誓言和觉悟的提高，其根本原因就在于人们越来越清晰地认识到收受贿赂和勒索钱财根本原因就在于人们越来越清晰地认识到收受贿赂和勒索钱财的行为带来了显而易见的恶果。曾几何时一些博学之士一本正的行为带来了显而易见的恶果。曾几何时一些博学之士一本正经地说：腐败是对过度调控经济体制的一种有效的矫正行为，经地说：腐败是对过度调控经济体制的一种有效的矫正行为，或者说，腐败作为不可驾驭的力量的一种副产品，它是不可避或者说，腐败作为不可驾驭的力量的一种副产品，它是不可避免的，我们应该包容它。如今这样说的日子一去不复

149、返了。现免的，我们应该包容它。如今这样说的日子一去不复返了。现在腐败带来的真正危害已经广为人知：腐败扰乱市场、破坏竞在腐败带来的真正危害已经广为人知：腐败扰乱市场、破坏竞争、滋长市民的冷嘲热讽、削弱法治的威力、损害政府的合法争、滋长市民的冷嘲热讽、削弱法治的威力、损害政府的合法性，还会侵蚀私营市场的诚信度。腐败还是阻止国际发展的极性，还会侵蚀私营市场的诚信度。腐败还是阻止国际发展的极大阻碍，因为贪赃舞弊的政府自上而下的侵吞挪用坑害了穷人。大阻碍，因为贪赃舞弊的政府自上而下的侵吞挪用坑害了穷人。 虽然很难量化全球腐败的程度，但存在巨大弊端却是毋庸置虽然很难量化全球腐败的程度，但存在巨大弊端却是毋

150、庸置疑的。例如，疑的。例如，20042004年世界银行估计全世界的政府公务员每年收受年世界银行估计全世界的政府公务员每年收受贿金在一万亿美元以上（而且这个数字还不包括贪污）。俄国智贿金在一万亿美元以上（而且这个数字还不包括贪污）。俄国智囊团囊团 Indem 在在20052005年所做的一次调查发现：每年在俄国支付的年所做的一次调查发现：每年在俄国支付的贿金超过贿金超过3 0003 000亿美元（比上次亿美元（比上次20012001年调查到的数字增加了年调查到的数字增加了1010倍）倍），而且有不止一半的俄国人曾经被索要过贿赂。根据，而且有不止一半的俄国人曾经被索要过贿赂。根据20052005年

151、度的年度的沃尔克报告（由经济学家保罗沃尔克报告（由经济学家保罗沃尔克担纲的一个独立委员会对沃尔克担纲的一个独立委员会对联合国之前实行的石油换食品计划所做的调查报告），参与石油联合国之前实行的石油换食品计划所做的调查报告），参与石油换食品计划的换食品计划的2 0002 000多家公司几乎有一半可能有吃回扣的行为。多家公司几乎有一半可能有吃回扣的行为。频频不断的丑闻此起彼伏，一直没有消停。过去一年，中国、印频频不断的丑闻此起彼伏，一直没有消停。过去一年，中国、印尼、肯尼亚、俄国和美国的爆料占据着新闻的榜首。尼、肯尼亚、俄国和美国的爆料占据着新闻的榜首。R-B-1.2 T3R-B-1.2 T4 考虑

152、到这些问题范围之广且层出不穷，只有当我们以更加集考虑到这些问题范围之广且层出不穷，只有当我们以更加集中化和系统化的方式把反腐誓言付诸行动、预防和惩罚不端行为中化和系统化的方式把反腐誓言付诸行动、预防和惩罚不端行为时，反腐运动才能保持其可信度和强劲的势头。在近期内，唱重时，反腐运动才能保持其可信度和强劲的势头。在近期内，唱重头戏的国际组织、发达国家以及跨国公司必须实施反腐措施。发头戏的国际组织、发达国家以及跨国公司必须实施反腐措施。发展中国家也有重要角色需要扮演，但由于这些国家的法律、政治展中国家也有重要角色需要扮演，但由于这些国家的法律、政治和经济体系差异很大和经济体系差异很大 它们要么不成功

153、，要么眼看就要失败；它们要么不成功，要么眼看就要失败；要么不堪一击，要么正在兴起要么不堪一击，要么正在兴起 因此发展中国家的反腐运动将因此发展中国家的反腐运动将不得不是各国广泛、复杂且往往是历时长久的国家建设过程的一不得不是各国广泛、复杂且往往是历时长久的国家建设过程的一部分，而且取决于这个国家建设的过程。部分，而且取决于这个国家建设的过程。R-B-1.2 T5形态多样的腐败堕落形态多样的腐败堕落 腐败的形式有很多种，它既有供给方（私人行贿者），又腐败的形式有很多种，它既有供给方（私人行贿者），又有需求方（政府公务员）；既有能随心所欲地操控政府决策的有需求方（政府公务员）；既有能随心所欲地操控

154、政府决策的高层官员参与的大规模腐败行为，也有控制着诸如教育和供电高层官员参与的大规模腐败行为，也有控制着诸如教育和供电等基础服务设施的低层官僚参与的小规模腐败行为。再说，提等基础服务设施的低层官僚参与的小规模腐败行为。再说，提供主要资金来源的发达国家和拥有大批巧取豪夺、侵吞私占的供主要资金来源的发达国家和拥有大批巧取豪夺、侵吞私占的政府官员的发展中国家二者之间有一种动态机制。政府官员的发展中国家二者之间有一种动态机制。 要攻克这个牵涉到多层面的问题，并明确近期的工作重点如要攻克这个牵涉到多层面的问题，并明确近期的工作重点如何与长期的应对方法相符，我们就应该采取四种措施：第一是强何与长期的应对方

155、法相符，我们就应该采取四种措施：第一是强制执行，即通过对现有的腐败行为进行调查和提起公诉，力图制制执行，即通过对现有的腐败行为进行调查和提起公诉，力图制止未来的不法行为；第二是预防，即制定和实施遏制各种腐败行止未来的不法行为；第二是预防，即制定和实施遏制各种腐败行为的法规及行政条例（这些措施必须包含政府监察官巡视制度、为的法规及行政条例（这些措施必须包含政府监察官巡视制度、举报人保护法、采购和财会透明规章制度、信息自由法、公共和举报人保护法、采购和财会透明规章制度、信息自由法、公共和私营实体审计和内部监控的必要条例以及反洗钱制度等）；第三私营实体审计和内部监控的必要条例以及反洗钱制度等）；第三

156、是政府行为建设这个复杂得多的过程，由各种机构改革组成，旨是政府行为建设这个复杂得多的过程，由各种机构改革组成，旨在创建一个法治社会，而不是人治社会，奠定一个透明的、有诚在创建一个法治社会，而不是人治社会，奠定一个透明的、有诚信的、长久的法律、经济和政治基础；最后一个措施就是实行文信的、长久的法律、经济和政治基础；最后一个措施就是实行文化层面上的反腐败，这包括传播能够加强执法和预防腐败、促进化层面上的反腐败，这包括传播能够加强执法和预防腐败、促进国家政府建设措施的积极价值观和行为规范。国家政府建设措施的积极价值观和行为规范。R-B-1.2 T6政治和政策政治和政策 如今反腐运动面临的最重要的问题

157、就是达成一种政治见解，如今反腐运动面临的最重要的问题就是达成一种政治见解，一个可以使实施及预防的政策变得有效、并且能够改变国际机一个可以使实施及预防的政策变得有效、并且能够改变国际机构、发达国家和跨国公司思想倾向的政治见解。为了使金融纪构、发达国家和跨国公司思想倾向的政治见解。为了使金融纪律得到有效实施，国际金融机构必须改变那些业内人士的观念，律得到有效实施，国际金融机构必须改变那些业内人士的观念，这些人一心只想放贷出门，因而反对以承诺打击腐败为前提向这些人一心只想放贷出门，因而反对以承诺打击腐败为前提向贷款受益人提供贷款和补助。当本国公司在海外进行贿赂活动贷款受益人提供贷款和补助。当本国公司

158、在海外进行贿赂活动时，即使面临激烈的全球竞争，发达国家也必须表明其具有调时，即使面临激烈的全球竞争，发达国家也必须表明其具有调查和起诉这家本国公司的政治意愿。最后，跨国公司必须克服查和起诉这家本国公司的政治意愿。最后，跨国公司必须克服短期经济压力，改变老一套经营方式，以便创建和保持一种反短期经济压力，改变老一套经营方式，以便创建和保持一种反腐的理念以及一套有效步骤，使公司上下都自觉遵守这一理念。腐的理念以及一套有效步骤，使公司上下都自觉遵守这一理念。R-B-1.2 T7R-B-1.2 T8 最强大的变革力量归根到底就是大家都抱有腐败是道德的沦最强大的变革力量归根到底就是大家都抱有腐败是道德的沦

159、丧，是与竞争、全球化、法治、国际发展以及与全世界人民的福丧，是与竞争、全球化、法治、国际发展以及与全世界人民的福祉背道而驰的这种观念。在过去祉背道而驰的这种观念。在过去1010年，许多公共和私营部门的风年，许多公共和私营部门的风头人物口头上都说得很漂亮：与腐败作斗争既符合他们自己的利头人物口头上都说得很漂亮：与腐败作斗争既符合他们自己的利益，又符合全球利益。现在他们该付诸行动了。益，又符合全球利益。现在他们该付诸行动了。1. Which of the following has NOT been done according to the first paragraph?B. NGOs hav

160、e played a critical role in checking corruption in different countries.C. International financial agencies have endeavored to prevent their projects from being unfairly awarded to contractors.D. The media have often been threatened if they dare to expose the corrupt high-ranks.R-C-R1Choose the best

161、answer to each question below.A. Governments across the world agree to extradite convicted corrupt officials.Vocabulary DevelopmentReading ComprehensionTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingR-C-R22. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?A. An increasing number of peopl

162、e have realized the negative impacts of corruption.C. Corruption gradually nullifies the rule of law.D. International development will be hindered by some power abusers.B. It makes sense that corruption should occur in some market-planning countries.Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDet

163、ailed ReadingAfter ReadingReading ComprehensionR-C-R33. Which of the following figures is false?A. Public officials worldwide receive more than $1 trillion in bribes each year. B. Russians are asked for more than $300 billion in bribes annually. D. About 4,000 companies have been participating in th

164、e oil-for-food program.C. In 2005, Russia was found to have paid 100 times more bribes than in 2001.Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingReading ComprehensionR-C-R44. In the near run, anticorruption measures must be implemented in the following institutions exc

165、ept _.A. MNCsC. the UND. the OECDB. TIVocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingReading ComprehensionR-C-R55. Who would be the most likely to be corrupt?A. High-level officials with absolute authority over government policy. B. Petty officials in charge of basic ser

166、vices.C. Developing countries receiving sources of funds from developed countries.D. All of the above.Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingReading ComprehensionR-C-R6Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading6. As for state bui

167、lding, we must _.A. take four-step measuresB. make the process of state building less complexC. transmit positive values and normsD. go in for institutional reforms to create a society of laws, instead of menReading ComprehensionR-C-R7Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAf

168、ter Reading7. It is difficult to make financial discipline operational, because _.B. some members of the financial institutions like to lend money conditionallyC. beneficiaries would be willing to make promises to fight corruptionD. developed nations are willing to investigate and prosecute those en

169、gaged in briberyA. some members in the related international institutions may hold on to old viewsReading ComprehensionR-C-R88. What is the most powerful force for the anticorruption campaign?A. Being immune to corruption.B. Informing the authorities about the corrupt behavior. C. Paying lip service

170、 to the harmfulness of corruption.D. Being aware of the harmfulness of corruption and taking action against it.Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingReading Comprehension1. Whether the cloning of human beings is morally justified is now on the nations moral .2.

171、It is reported that the company will detailed rules and regulations for the efficiency standard of the new water heaters before the end of this year.R-C-V1A. Choose one word from the list to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences. Change the form where necessary.Vocabulary DevelopmentR

172、eading ComprehensionTranslationpromulgate_agenda _Before ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingmindsetbeneficiarydeteragendapromulgatechokecorrodedistortrhetoricprosecutedistortfragilecredibilityauditR-C-V23. High prices are a lot of young couples from buying houses.4. People particularly dislike poli

173、ticians whose speeches are full of empty .5. We should not stop eating for fear of .6. The website was accused of the facts and slandering the president.deterring_rhetoric_choking_distorting_Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Readingmindsetbeneficiarydeteragendaprom

174、ulgatechokecorrodedistortrhetoricprosecutedistortfragilecredibilityauditReading Comprehension7. If you have an open , you will learn from everything.8. Once a company is caught cheating consumers, it will be very hard to restore its business .9. Everyone was shocked to hear that the dog was the only

175、 in the rich womans will.10. The accounting firm is very busy at the end of each fiscal year different companies.R-C-V2mindset_beneficiary_auditing _Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Readingmindsetbeneficiarydeteragendapromulgatechokecorrodedistortrhetoricprosecute

176、distortfragilecredibilityauditcredibility_Reading ComprehensionR-C-V2B. From the list given below, choose the word which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase in each sentence. Change the form where necessary.Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationimplementintractableimpactlengthyfragilec

177、omplianceaccountableprosecutepayoffpettyenactpotentBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading1. A number of economic sanctions against the country are to be put into action.enactedReading ComprehensionR-C-V22. A special task force was created to help carry out the new policy.implement3. Unlike glob

178、al warming and ozone depletion which, if the political will was there, could be reduced by cutting gas emissions preserving bio-diversity remains a problem that is extremely difficult to manage.intractableVocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Readingimplementintractabl

179、eimpactlengthyfragilecomplianceaccountableprosecutepayoffpettyenactpotentReading ComprehensionR-C-V24. The police questioned the “Free Hugs” campaign, saying that it has had a negative effect on social security.impact5. The suicide bombing could do serious damage to the delicate peace agreement that

180、 was signed by the two countries last month.fragileVocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingimplementintractableimpactlengthyfragilecomplianceaccountableprosecutepayoffpettyenactpotentReading ComprehensionR-C-V26. It has been alleged that the State Department recei

181、ved secret bribes from an arms dealer. payoffsVocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading7. Most of the civil servants involved in the affair have been successfully charged publicly and dismissed.prosecutedimplementintractableimpactlengthyfragilecomplianceaccountable

182、prosecutepayoffpettyenactpotentReading ComprehensionR-C-V28. I can respect someone who is answerable for their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.accountableVocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading9. We will make sure that the

183、products made in China are sold and distributed in conformity with the U.S. Export Administration Regulations and also local plianceimplementintractableimpactlengthyfragilecomplianceaccountableprosecutepayoffpettyenactpotentReading ComprehensionR-C-V210. Just leave the children alone. Dont take thei

184、r trivial squabbles too seriously.pettyVocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingimplementintractableimpactlengthyfragilecomplianceaccountableprosecutepayoffpettyenactpotentReading ComprehensionR-C-T1A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.一一些些国国际际金金融融机机构构

185、，尤尤其其是是世世界界银银行行，宣宣布布了了多多个个方方案案，旨旨在在确确保保其其项项目目承承包包的的公公正正和和公公开开性性，杜杜绝绝政政府府官官员员侵侵吞私占。吞私占。1. International financial agencies, notably the World Bank, have announced programs aimed at ensuring fair and open contracting for their projects and stopping misappropriation by government officials.Vocabulary D

186、evelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingReading ComprehensionR-C-T1Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading之之所所以以出出现现了了这这些些新新的的规规章章、反反腐腐誓誓言言和和觉觉悟悟的的提提高高，其其根根本本原原因因就就在在于于人人们们越越来来越越清清晰晰地地认认识识到到收收受受贿贿赂赂和和勒索钱财的行为已经结下显而易见的恶果。勒索钱财的行为已经结下显而易见的恶果。2

187、. Underlying these changes in rules, rhetoric, and awareness is the growing recognition that bribery and extortion have demonstrably deleterious consequences.Reading ComprehensionR-C-T1Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading曾曾几几何何时时一一些些博博学学之之士士一一本本正正经经地地说说：腐腐败败是是

188、对对过过度度调调控控经经济济体体制制的的一一种种有有效效矫矫正正行行为为，或或者者说说，腐腐败败作作为为不不可可驾驾驭驭的的力力量量的的一一种种副副产产品品，它它是是不不可可避避免免的的，我我们们应应该包容它。如今这样说的日子一去不复返了。该包容它。如今这样说的日子一去不复返了。3. Gone is the day when some pundits seriously argued that corruption was an efficient corrective for overregulated economies or that it should be tolerated as

189、an inevitable byproduct of intractable forces.Reading ComprehensionR-C-T1Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading频频频频不不断断的的丑丑闻闻此此起起彼彼伏伏，一一直直没没有有消消停停。过过去去一一年年，中中国国、印印尼尼、肯肯尼尼亚亚、俄俄国国和和美美国国的的爆爆料料占占据据着着新新闻闻的的榜首。榜首。4. And the drumbeat of scandals continues, with events

190、in China, Indonesia, Kenya, Russia, and the United States leading the news during the past year.Reading ComprehensionR-C-T1Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading考考虑虑到到这这些些问问题题范范围围之之广广且且层层出出不不穷穷，只只有有当当我我们们以以更更加加集集中中和和系系统统的的方方式式把把反反腐腐誓誓言言付付诸诸行行动动、预预防防和和惩惩罚罚不端行为时，反

191、腐运动才能保持其可信度和强劲的势头。不端行为时，反腐运动才能保持其可信度和强劲的势头。5. Given vast, continuing problems, the anticorruption movement will maintain its credibility and momentum only if it can translate its rhetoric into action and prevent and punish misbehavior in a more focused and systematic manner.Reading ComprehensionWe m

192、ust reinforce the momentum of the anticorruption drive and show no mercy to the corrupt officials.2. 我们要加大反腐力度，对贪污腐化的官员严惩不贷。我们要加大反腐力度，对贪污腐化的官员严惩不贷。(reinforce the momentum of, show no mercy to)R-C-T1We should not just pay lip service to environmental protection; we must act.1. 我们对环保不能光说不练，我们必须有行动。我们对

193、环保不能光说不练，我们必须有行动。(pay lip service to)B. Translate the following sentences into English.Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingReading ComprehensionR-C-T1December 9 is designated by the UN as International Anticorruption Day, which provides a unique opportunity to

194、 enhance public awareness and commitment to combating graft and curbing corruption.3. 1212月月9 9日被联合国定为全球反腐败日，这为提高公众觉悟，日被联合国定为全球反腐败日，这为提高公众觉悟，积极打击贪污、抑制腐败提供了一个独特的机会。积极打击贪污、抑制腐败提供了一个独特的机会。(be designated as, combat graft, curb corruption)Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAft

195、er ReadingReading ComprehensionR-C-T1The United Nations has newly promulgated the UN Anticorruption Convention, requiring that the signed member nations enact laws prohibiting bribery and extortion.4. 联合国新近颁布了联合国新近颁布了反腐公约反腐公约，要求签约的成员国制定，要求签约的成员国制定相关法律，以禁止受贿索贿行为。相关法律，以禁止受贿索贿行为。(he UN Anticorruption C

196、onvention, promulgate, enact, prohibit)Vocabulary DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingReading ComprehensionR-C-T1The true impact of corruption is now widely acknowledged: corruption distorts markets and competition, breeds cynicism among citizens, undermines the rule of

197、law, damages government legitimacy, and corrodes the integrity of the private sector.5. 现在，腐败带来的真正危害已经广为人知：腐败扰乱市现在，腐败带来的真正危害已经广为人知：腐败扰乱市场、破坏竞争、滋长老百姓的冷嘲热讽、削弱法治的威场、破坏竞争、滋长老百姓的冷嘲热讽、削弱法治的威力、损害政府的合法性，还会侵蚀私营市场的诚信度。力、损害政府的合法性，还会侵蚀私营市场的诚信度。(be widely acknowledged, distort, breed, undermine, corrode)Vocabula

198、ry DevelopmentTranslationBefore ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingReading ComprehensionW-A-I1Writing SkillsStructure of a contractWhat is a business contract?How to Write an Effective Business ContractWriting PracticeA contract serves as a guide to the agreement that must be followed by both parti

199、es. It presents each party with the opportunity to:W-A-I11.What is a business contract?Writing SkillsWriting PracticeBusiness contracts are legally binding written agreements between two or more parties. While smaller businesses will often conduct business based on informal handshake agreements or u

200、nspoken understandings, the more that is at stake, the more essential it is to have a signed contract.Structure of a contractWhat is a business contract?W-A-I1describe all obligations they are expected to fulfill;describe all obligations they expect the other party, or parties, to fulfill;limit any

201、liabilities;set parameters, such as a time frame, in which the terms of the contract will be met;set terms of a sale, lease or rental;establish payment terms;clearly establish all of the risks and responsibilities of the parties.Writing SkillsWriting Practice*Structure of a contractWhat is a busines

202、s contract?W-A-I2A contract is, in essence, a written meeting of the minds. While it is typically drawn up by one party and favors the needs and requirements of that party, protecting the party from most (if not all) liabilities, it should be thought of, initially, as a work in progress that changes

203、 and grows as each party contributes prior to signing, when it becomes an official document.Writing SkillsWriting PracticeStructure of a contractWhat is a business contract?party can opt to get out of the contract at a certain date. Typically, this is done by informing the otherW-A-U1Structure of a

204、contractWriting SkillsWriting PracticeFor different purposes there are different types of contracts, which share a common core although varied in some details. Basically, within a contract it should stipulate how the contract shall be enforced and what actions can be taken if one party fails to meet

205、 their obligations. Some contracts will also include “out clauses”whereby oneStructure of a contractWhat is a business contract?W-A-U2party of their wish to terminate the contract in writing. There may also be a need to arbitrate disputes that may arise during the life of the contract. How such disp

206、utes will be handled (i.e., by a neutral third party arbitrator) can also be included within the contract. Generally, a formal contract of international trade or business consists of the following parts: Writing SkillsWriting PracticeI. PreambleII. BodyIII. EndingIV. Appendix (optional)Structure of

207、a contractWhat is a business contract?W-A-U3Writing SkillsWriting Practice1) The preamble usually includes: the word ORIGINAL on the upper right corner if the contract is the original one or COPY if it is a copy; the type of the contract, for instance: PURCHASE CONTRACT, SALES CONTRACT, LEASE CONTRA

208、CT, SHIPPING CONTRACT, etc.; the serial number or code of the contract, for instance: 03CMEC, DA006, referring to contract No. 6 signed in 2003 by the China Machinery Export Company; the date and place of signature of the contract;*Structure of a contractWhat is a business contract?W-A-U4the full na

209、me of each party to the contract and their nationalities, type of entity, principal places of business or residential address;preface.*2) The body must include the following parts: the scope of the subject matter of the contract; the technical conditions, qualities, standards, specifications and qua

210、ntities of the subject matter of the contract; time limit, place and method of performance;*Writing SkillsWriting PracticeStructure of a contractWhat is a business contract?W-A-U5terms of price, amount and method of payment, and various additional charges;whether the contract could be assigned or co

211、nditions for assignment;the compensation and other liabilities for breach of the contract;ways for settlement of potential disputes arising from the contract.*3) The end includes language to be used in the contract and its effectiveness.Writing SkillsWriting PracticeStructure of a contractWhat is a

212、business contract?W-A-U64) Sometimes the parties to the international commercial contract may consult to set out an appendix in the contract. In this case, it must be declared that the appendix is the inseparable part of the contract. In situations where you do not generate the form of the contract,

213、 but are entering into an agreement with another business or individual you should typically:read the contract over very carefully;highlight anything that is ambiguous or vaguely worded for further clarification and/or possible deletion;*Writing SkillsWriting PracticeStructure of a contractWhat is a

214、 business contract?W-A-U7list any additions you feel are necessary;discuss all changes to the contract with the other party or parties;make sure any requested changes have been added prior to signing (oral agreements can be very tricky and are not always binding);review the contract again, prior to

215、signing;keep a signed copy of every contract that you sign.*Writing SkillsWriting PracticeStructure of a contractWhat is a business contract?W-B-1Write an English business contract based on the Chinese version.Writing SkillsWriting Practice货物进口合同货物进口合同编号：编号：_签约地：签约地：_日期：日期：_卖方：卖方：_地址：地址：_电话：电话：_传真：传

216、真：_W-B-2Writing SkillsWriting Practice电子邮箱：电子邮箱：_买方：买方：_地址：地址：_电话：电话：_传真：传真：_电子邮箱：电子邮箱：_买卖双方经协商同意按下列条款成交：买卖双方经协商同意按下列条款成交：1.1.货物名称、规格和质量：货物名称、规格和质量：_2.2.数量：数量：_W-B-33.3.单价及交货条款单价及交货条款 除非另有规定，除非另有规定，“CFR”“CFR”或或“CIF”“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定均应依照国际商会制定的的20002000年国际贸易术语解释通则年国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS INCOTERMS 2000200

217、0）办理。）办理。4.4.总价：总价：_5.5.允许溢短装：允许溢短装：_%_%6.6.装运期限装运期限 收到可以转船及分批装运之信用证收到可以转船及分批装运之信用证 _天内天内装运。装运。7.7.付款条款付款条款Writing SkillsWriting PracticeW-B-4买方须于买方须于_前将保兑的、不可撤销的、可转让的、前将保兑的、不可撤销的、可转让的、可分割的即期付款信用证开到卖方，该信用证的有效期延可分割的即期付款信用证开到卖方，该信用证的有效期延至装运期后至装运期后_天在中国议付到期，并必须注明允天在中国议付到期，并必须注明允许转船和分批装运。许转船和分批装运。买方未在规定

218、的时间内开出信用证，卖方有权发出通知取买方未在规定的时间内开出信用证，卖方有权发出通知取消本合同，或接受买方对本合同未执行的全部或部分，或消本合同，或接受买方对本合同未执行的全部或部分，或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。8.8.包装：包装：_9.9.保险保险 按发票金额的按发票金额的110%110%投保投保_险，由险，由_负负责投保。责投保。Writing SkillsWriting PracticeW-B-510.10.质量质量/ /数量差错数量差错 凡属质量问题，买方索赔须于货到目的口岸之日起凡属质量问题，买方索赔须于货到目的口岸之日起3030天天内提出；凡属数量差错，

219、须于货到目的口岸之日起内提出；凡属数量差错，须于货到目的口岸之日起1515天天内提出。内提出。11.11.由于不可抗力的原因，致使本合同不能履行，部分或全由于不可抗力的原因，致使本合同不能履行，部分或全部商品延误交货，卖方概不负责。部商品延误交货，卖方概不负责。 本合同所指的不可抗力系指无法预见、不能避免且不能本合同所指的不可抗力系指无法预见、不能避免且不能克服的客观情况。克服的客观情况。Writing SkillsWriting PracticeW-B-612.12.仲裁仲裁 凡因本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议应通过友凡因本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议应通过友好协商解决，如果协商

220、不能解决，应提交中国国际经济好协商解决，如果协商不能解决，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会深圳分会，按照申请仲裁时该会当时施贸易仲裁委员会深圳分会，按照申请仲裁时该会当时施行的仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是决定性的，对双方行的仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是决定性的，对双方均有约束力。均有约束力。13.13.通知通知 所有通知用所有通知用_文写成，并按照如下地址用传真文写成，并按照如下地址用传真/ / 电子邮件电子邮件/ /快件送给双方。如果地址有变更，一方应在快件送给双方。如果地址有变更，一方应在 变更后变更后_天内通知另一方。天内通知另一方。Writing SkillsWriting Pract

221、iceW-B-714.14.本合同为中英两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。本合本合同为中英两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。本合同一式同一式_份。自双方签字（盖章）之日起生效。份。自双方签字（盖章）之日起生效。 卖方签字：卖方签字： 买方签字：买方签字：Writing SkillsWriting PracticeW-B-8Writing SkillsWriting PracticePurchase ContractNo.: _Signed at: _Date: _Seller: _Address: _Tel: _Fax: _W-B-9Writing SkillsWriting PracticeE-

222、mail: _Buyer: _Address: _Tel: _Fax: _E-mail: _The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction according to the terms and conditions set forth as below:1. Name, Specifications and Quality of Commodity: _2. Quantity: _W-B-103. Unit Price and Terms of Delivery The terms

223、CFR or CIF shall be subject to the International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms (INCOTERMS 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise stipulated herein.4. Total Amount: _5. More or Less: _%6. Time of Shipment Within _ days after receipt of L/C allowing tr

224、ansshipment and partial shipment.7. Terms of PaymentWriting SkillsWriting PracticeW-B-11By confirmed, irrevocable, transferable and divisible L/C to be available by sight draft to reach the Seller before _ and to remain valid for negotiation in China until _ after the Time of Shipment. The L/C must

225、specify that transshipment and partial shipment are allowed.The Buyer shall establish a Letter of Credit before the above-stipulated time, failing which, the Seller shall have the right to rescind this Contract upon the arrival of the notice or to accept whole or part of this Contract non-fulfilled

226、by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for the direct losses sustained, if any.Writing SkillsWriting PracticeW-B-128. Packing: _9. Insurance Covering _ risks for _110% of Invoice Value to be effected by _.Writing SkillsWriting PracticeW-B-1310. Quality/Quantity Discrepancy In case of quality discrepancy,

227、 claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination, while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.11. The Seller shall not be held responsible for failure o

228、r delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Contract in consequence of any force majeure incidents which might occur. Force majeure as referred to in this contract means unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable objective conditions.Writing SkillsWriting PracticeW-

229、B-1412. Arbitration Any dispute arising from or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the dispute shall then be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC), Shenzhen Commission for

230、arbitration in accordance with its rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.Writing SkillsWriting PracticeW-B-1513. Notices All notices shall be written in _ and served to both parties by fax/e-mail/courier according to the fo

231、llowing addresses. If any change of the addresses occur, one party shall inform the other party within _ days after the change.Writing SkillsWriting PracticeW-B-1614. This Contract is executed in two counterparts, in Chinese and English respectively, each of which shall be deemed equally authentic. This Contract is in _ copies, effective since being signed/sealed by both parties.The Seller: _ (signature) The Buyer: _ (signature)Writing SkillsWriting Practice