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1、经络腧穴各论(2)广西医科大学第一临床医学院吴新贵足太阴脾经（共21穴）1经脉循环：起于足大趾末端（隐白），沿着大趾内侧赤白肉际，经第一跖趾关节向上行至内踝前，上行腿肚，交出足厥阴经的前面，经膝股部内侧前缘，进入腹部，属脾络胃，过膈上行，挟咽旁系舌根，散舌下。（图1025）胃部支脉：过膈流注于心中，与心经相接。3.1.4TheSpleenMeridianofFoot-Taiyin3.1.4.1Thecourseofthemeridiana.Startingfromthetipofthegreattoe(1)runningalongthemedialaspectofthefootatthejun
2、ctionoftheredandwhiteskin(2)ascendinginfrontofthemedialmalleolus(3)uptotheleg(4)followingtheposterioraspectofthetibia(5)crossingandgoinginfrontofthelivermeridianofFoot-Jueying(6)passingthroughtheanteriormedialaspectofthekneeandthigh(7)enteringtheabdomen(8)relatingtothespleen,itspertainingorgan,andco
3、nnectingwiththestomach(9)ascendingandtraversingthediaphragm(10)runningalongtheesophagus(11)reachingtherootofthetongueandspreadingoveritslowersurface(12).b. The branch from the stomach goes upwardthrough the diaphragm (13), and flows into theheart to link with the Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoying(14).
4、2主要病候：胃脘痛、食则呕，嗳气，腹胀便溏，黄疸，身重无力，舌根强痛，下肢内侧肿胀，厥冷。Maindisordersofthemeridian:Stomachache,vomitaftereatingfood,abdominaldistention,loosestool,jaundice;heavysensationofthebody,stifftongue,swelling, cold of the medial aspect of the lowerextremities.:3主要概要：主治脾胃病，妇科，前阴病及经脉循行部位的其他病证。Indications:a.Digestivesyst
5、emdisease;b.Gynecologicaldiseasesandreproductivediseases;c.Otherdiseasesalongthecourseofthemeridian.常用腧穴：三阴交Sanyinjiao(SP6)定位内踝高点上3寸，胫骨内侧面后缘。Location:3cundirectlyabovethetipofthemedialmalleolus,ontheposteriorborderofthetibia.主治腹胀肠鸣、泄泻、月经不调、带下、阴挺、不孕、滞产、遗精、阳痿、遗尿、疝气、失眠、下肢痿痹、脚气。Indications:a.Borborygmus
6、,abdominaldistention,diarrhea;b.Gynecoloigicaldiseases:orregularmenstruation,leukorrhagia,prolapseoftheuterus,sterility,difficultlabor.c.Andropathy:seminal emission, impotence, enuresis, hernia; d. Muscularatrophyoflowerextremities,beriberi.操作直刺115寸。附注孕妇禁针。阴陵泉Yinlingquan(SP9)定位胫骨内侧踝下缘凹陷中。Location:On
7、thelowerborderofthemedialcondyleofthetibia.主治腹胀、泻泄、水肿、黄疸、小便、不利或失禁、膝痛。Indications:a.Abdominaldistention,diarrhea,jaundice;b.Edema,incontinenceofurineordysuria,kneepain.操作直刺12寸。血海Xuehai(SP10)定位髌骨内上缘上2寸。Location:2cunaboveofmediosuperiorborderofpatella.简便取法：患者屈膝，医者以左手掌心按于患者右膝膑骨上缘，二至五指向上伸直，拇指约呈450角斜置，拇指尖
8、下是穴，对侧取法同。主治月经不调、崩漏、经闭、瘾疹、湿疹、丹毒。Indications:a.Irregularmenstruation,uterinebleeding,amenorrhea;b.Urticaria,eczema,paininthemedialaspectofthelegs.操作直刺115寸。（五）手少阴心经（共9穴）1经脉循行：起于心中，出属心系（心与其他脏器相连系的部位），过膈，联络小肠。“心系”向上支脉：挟咽喉上行，连系于目系（眼球连系于脑的部位）“心系”直行的脉：上行于肺部再向下出于腋窝部（极泉）沿上臂内侧后缘，行于手太阴和手厥阴经的后面，至掌后豌豆骨部入掌内，沿小指内侧
9、至末端（少冲）交于手太阳小肠经。3.1.5TheHeartMeridianofHand-Shaoyin3.1.5.1Thecourseofthemeridiana. Originating from the heart, emerging,spreading over the “heart system” (i. e., thevesselsconnectingtheheartwiththeotherzang-fuorgans)(1)passingthroughthediaphragm,andconnectingwiththesmallintestine(2).b.Theascendingpo
10、rtionofthemeridianfromthe“heartsystem”(3)runningalongsidetheesophagus(4)connectingwiththe“eyesystem”(i.e.,thetissuesconnectingtheeyeball)(5).c.Thestraightportionofthemeridianfromthe“heartsystem”goingupwardtothelung(6).Thenturningdownwardandemergingfromtheaxilla(Jiquan,HT1).Fromthereitproceedsalongth
11、eposteriorborderofthemedialaspectoftheupperarmbehindtheLungMeridian of Hand-Tanyin and the PericardiumMeridian of Hand-Jueyin (7) down to the cubitalfossa(8)descendingalongtheposteriorborderofthemedial aspect of the forearm to the pisiform regionproximaltothepalm(9)andenteringthepalm(10).Thenfollowi
12、ngthemedialaspectofthelittlefingertoitstip(Shaochong,HT9)(11)andlinkingwiththeSmallIntestineMeridianofHand-Taiyang(Fig.30).2主要病候：心痛、咽干、口渴、目黄、胁痛、上臂内侧痛、手心发热等。MaindisordersofthemeridianPain in cardiac, costal regions, and the medialaspectoftheupperarm;thirst,drythroat,yellowsclera,feverishinpalms.3主治概要
13、：主治心、胸、神志病及经脉循行部位的其他病证。Indicationsa.Diseaseofheartandchest,mentaldisorders;b.Otherdiseasesalongthecourseofthismeridian.常用腧穴：神门Shenmen(HT7)定位腕横纹尺侧端，尺侧腕屈肌腱的桡侧凹陷中。Location:Onthetransversecreaseofthewrist,inthearticularregionbetweenthepisiformboneandtheulnainthedepressionontheradialsideofthetendonofm.fl
14、exorcarpiulnaris.主治心痛、心烦、惊悸、怔忡、健忘、失眠、癫狂痫、胸胁痛。Indications:a.Cardiacpain,irritability,palpitation;b.Poormemory,insomnia,mentaldisorders;c.Cardiacandcostalpain.操作直刺0305寸。少冲定位小指桡侧端指甲角旁约01寸。（图1029）主治心悸、心痛、癫狂、热病、昏迷。操作浅刺01寸或点刺出血。（六）手太阳小肠经（共19穴）1经脉循行：起于手小指外侧端（少泽），沿手背外侧至腕部直上沿前臂外侧后缘，经尺骨鹰嘴与肱骨内上髁之间，出于肩关节，绕行肩胛部，
15、交于大椎（督脉）向下入缺盆部联络心脏，沿食管过膈达胃，属于小肠。缺盆部支脉：沿颈部上达面颊，至目外眦，转入耳中（听宫）。颊部支脉：上行目眶下，抵于鼻旁，至目内眦（睛明）、交于足太阳膀胱经。3.1.6TheSmallIntestineMeridianofHand-Taiyang3.1.6.1ThecourseofThemeridiana.Themeridianstartingfromtheulnarsideofthetipofthelittlefinger(Shaoze,SI1)(1)followingtheulnarsideofthedorsumofhandandreachingthewris
16、t,emergingfromthestyloidprocessoftheulna(2)ascendingalongtheposteriorofaspectoftheforearm,passingbetweentheolecranonoftheulnaandthemedialepicondyleofthehuerus(3)runningalongtheposteriorborderofthelateralaspectoftheupperarm(4)totheshoulderjoint(5)circlingaroundthescapularregion(6)meetingtheDuMeridian
17、onthesuperioraspectoftheshoulderatDazhui(DU14)(7)turning downward to the supraclavicularfossa (8) connecting with the heart (9)descending along the esophagus (10)passingthroughthediaphragm(11)reaching the stomach (12) entering thesmallintestine,itspertainingorgan(13).b.Thebranchmeridianascendingfrom
18、supraclavicularfossa(14)goingalongtheneck(15)tothecheck(16)enteringtheear(Tinggong,SI19)c.Thesecondbranchmeridianrunningupwardfromthechecktotheinfraorbitalregionandfurthertothelateralsideofthenose(19)reachingtheinnercanthus(Jingming,BL1),linkingwiththeurinaryBladdermeridianofFoot-Taiyang(20)(Fig.34)
19、.2主要病候：少腹痛、腰脊痛引睾丸、耳聋、目黄、颊肿、咽喉肿痛、肩臂外侧后缘痛等。Main disorders of the meridian:a. Deafness,yellowsclera,swellingofthecheek,sorethroat;b.Lowerabdominalpain,lowbackpainspreadingtothetestis,painonposteriorlineofthelateralaspectoftheshoulderandarm.3主治概要：主治头、项、耳、目、喉咽病、热病、神志病及经脉循行部位的其他病症。Essentialsofindicationa.
20、Headandfacialdiseases;b.Febrilediseases,mentaldisorders;c.Painalongthecourseofthemeridian.常用腧穴：后溪Houxi(SI3)定位握拳，第五掌指关节后尺侧，赤白肉际。Location:Whenloosefistismade,thepointisproximaltotheheadofthe5thmetacarpalboneontheulnarside,atthejunctionoftheredandwhiteskin.主治头项强痛，目赤耳聋，咽喉肿痛，腰背痛，癫痫狂、疾、手指及肘臂挛痛。Indications
21、:a.Headache,stiffneck,rednessoftheeyes,swellingandpainofthethroat;b.Paininbackandlumbarregion,contractureandpainintheelbowandarm;c.Mentaldiseases,malaria.操作直刺0508听宫Tinggong(SI19)定位耳屏前，下颌骨髁状突的后缘，张口呈凹陷处。Location:Betweenthetragusandthemandibularjoint, in a depression that is formed when themouthissligh
22、tlyopen.主治耳鸣、耳聋、聤耳、齿痛、癫狂痫。Indications:a.Tinnitus,deafness,otorrhea,toothache;b.Mentaldisorders,epilepsy.操作张口、直刺051寸。（七）足太阳膀胱经（共67穴)1经脉循行：起于目内眦，上额交会于巅顶（百会）。巅顶部支脉：从头顶到颞颥部。巅顶部直行的脉：从头顶入里联络于脑，回出分开下行项后，沿肩胛部内侧，挟脊柱，到达腰部，从脊旁肌肉进入体腔联络肾脏，属于膀胱；腰部支脉：向下通过臀部，进入腘窝内；后项部支脉：通过肩胛骨内缘直下，经过臀部下行，沿大腿后外侧与腰部下来的支脉会合于腘窝中。从此向下，出于
23、外踝后,第五跖骨粗隆，至小趾外侧端（至阴），与足少阴经相接。2主要病候：小便不通，遗尿、癫狂，疟疾，目痛，见风流泪，鼻塞多涕，鼻衄，头痛，项、背、臀部及下肢循行部位痛麻等。Maindisordersofthemeridian:Dysuria,enuresis,painof eyes, lacrimation when attacked by wind, nasalobstruction,rhinorrhea,epistaxis,painalongthecourseofthemeridian,manic,depressivepsychosis,malaria.3主治概要：主治头、项、目、背、腰、
24、下肢部病症及神志病，背部第一侧线的背俞穴及第二侧线相平的腧穴，主治与其相关的脏腑病证和有关的组织器官病症。Indications:a.Disordersofthismeridianoccurringonthe head, neck, eyes, back, loin and lower limbs; b.Mentaldisorders;c.Diseasesofrelativezang-fuorgans.4常用腧穴：睛明Jingming(BL1)定位目内眦旁01寸。Location:0.1cunsuperiortotheinnercanthus.主治目赤肿痛，流泪，视物不清，目率，近视，夜盲、色
25、盲。Indications:Redness,swellingandpainoftheeyes,lacrimationwhenattackedbywind,blurringofvision,nightblindness,colorsblindness.操作嘱患者闭目，医者左手轻推眼球向外侧固定，右手缓慢进针，紧靠眶缘直刺081寸。不捻转，不提插，出针后按压针孔片刻，以防出血。Method:Askthepatienttoclosetheeyeswhenlocatingthepoint.Punctureperpendicularly0.5-1.0cunalongtheorbitalwall.Dont
26、twistorliftandthrusttheneedlevigorously.Pressthepointforawhileafterwithdrawaloftheneedle.攒竹定位眉头凹陷中（图1032）主治头痛、口眼歪斜、目视不明，流泪、目赤肿痛，眼睑动，眼睑下垂。操作平刺0508寸。禁灸。天柱定位后发际正中直上05寸，旁开13寸，当斜方肌外缘凹陷中（图1032）主治头痛、颈强、鼻塞、癫狂痫、肩背痛、热病。操作直或斜刺0508寸。不可向内上方深刺，以免伤及延髓。肺俞定位第三胸椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。（图10-32，35）主治咳嗽、气喘、吐血、骨蒸、潮热、盗汗、鼻塞。操作斜刺0.50.8
27、寸。肾俞Shenshu(BL23)定位第二腰椎棘突下，旁开15寸。Location:1.5cunlateraltothelowerborderofthespinousprocessofthe2ndlumbarvertebra.主治遗尿、遗精、阳痿、月经不调、白带、水肿、耳鸣、耳聋、腰痛。Indications:a.Disordersoftheurinarysystem:enuresis,edema;b.Disordersofthereproductive system: irregular menstruation,leukorrhagia, seminal emission, impoten
28、ce; c.Deafness,tinnitus;d.Lumbago.操作直刺051寸。委中Weizhong(BL40)定位腘横纹中央。Location:Midpointofthetransversecreaseofthepoplitealfossamidwaybetweenthetendonsofm.bicepsfemorisandm.semitendinosus.主治腰痛、背痛、下肢痿痹、腹痛、吐泻、小便不利、遗尿、丹毒。Indications:a.Lowbackpain,muscularatrophy,motorimpairment and pain of the lower limbs;
29、 b. Dysuriaenuresis;c.Abdominalpain,vomitinganddiarrhea.操作直刺115寸或用三棱针点刺腘静脉出血。承山定位腓肠肌两肌腹之间凹陷的顶端。（图1032）主治痔疾、便秘、腰腿拘急挛痛等。操作直刺12寸。昆仑定位外踝高点与跟腱的凹陷中。（图1032）主治头痛、项强、目眩、鼻衄、癫痫、难产、腰骶疼痛、脚跟肿痛。操作直刺0508寸。附注针灸大成：“妊妇刺之落胎”。至阴定位足小趾外侧甲角旁约01寸。主治头痛、目痛、鼻塞、鼻衄、胎位不下、难产。操作浅刺01寸，胎位不正用灸法。（八）足少阴肾经（共27穴)1经脉循行：起于足小趾之下，斜向足心（涌泉）出于舟骨
30、粗隆下，沿内踝后向上行于腿肚内侧，经股内后缘，通过脊住（长强）属于肾脏，联络膀胱。肾脏部直行脉：从肾向上通过肝和横膈，进入肺中，沿着喉咙，挟于舌根部。肺部支脉：从肺部出来，络心，流注于胸中，与手厥阴心包经相接。The course of the Kidney Meridian of Foot-ShaoyinTheKidneyMeridianstartsfromtheinferioraspectofthesmalltoeandrunsobliquelytowardsthesole.Itcomesoutfromtheloweraspectofthetuberosityofthenavicularb
31、one,runsbehindthemedialmalleolusandenterstheheel.Thenitascendsalongthemedialsideofthelegtothemedialsideofthepoplitealfossaandgoesfurtherupwardalongtheposterior-medialaspectofthethightowardsthevertebralcolumn,whereitentersthekidney,itspertainingorgan,andconnectswiththebladder.The straight portion of
32、meridian re-emerges from the kidney. Ascending and passing through the liver and diaphragm, it enters the lung, runs along the throat and terminates at the root of the tongue. A branch springs from the lung, joins the heart, and runs into the chest. 2主要病候：咳血、气喘、舌干、咽喉、肿痛、水肿、大便秘结、泄泻、腰痛、脊股内后侧痛，痿弱无力，足心热
33、等证。Main disorders of the Kidney Meridian:Dysuria,enuresis,edima,constipation,menstruationirregular,seminalemission,impotence,cough,hemoptysis,asthma,sorethroat,drytongue,lumbago,paininthemedialposterioraspectofthelegs,weaknessandparalysisoffoot;feverishsensationinthesoleofthefoot3主治概要：主治妇科，前阴病、肾、肺、咽
34、喉病及经脉循行部位的其他病证。Indicatio:Diseasesoftheurinarysystem;Diseasesofthereproductivesystem;Disordersoccurringinthelungandthethroat;Otherdiseasesofthemeridian4常用腧穴涌泉定位足底中,足趾跖屈时呈凹陷处。（图1036）主治头痛、头昏、失眠、目眩、失音、便秘、小便不利、小儿惊风、癫狂、昏厥。操作直刺051寸。太溪Taixi(KI3)定位内踝高点与跟腱之间凹陷处。Location inthedepressionbetweentheprominenceofth
35、emedialmalleolusandheeltendon.主治月经不调、遗精、阳痿、小便频数、便秘、消渴、咳血、气喘、失眠、腰痛、耳鸣、耳聋及足跟痛。Indication 1.highbloodpressure,dizziness,tinnitus,insomnia,headache.2.toothacheandsorethroatcausedbydeficiencyofYinandexcessofFire.3.spermatorrhea,impotence,irregularmenstruation.操作直刺051寸。（九）手厥阴心包经（共9穴)1经脉循行：起于胸中，出属心包络，向下通膈，
36、从胸至腹依次联络上、中、下三焦。胸部支脉：沿胸中，出于胁肋至腋下（天池），上行至腋窝中，沿上臂内侧行于手太阴和手少阴经之间，经肘窝下行于前臂中间进入掌中，沿中指到指端（中冲）。掌中支脉：从劳宫分出，沿无名指到指端（关冲），与手少阳三焦经相接。ThecourseofPericardiumMeridianofHand-JueyinThePericardiumMeridianstartsfromthechest,andentersitspertainingorgan,thepericardium.Itdescendsthroughthediaphragmtoconnectsuccessivelywi
37、ththeupper,middleandlowerJiao(sanjiao).ThecourseofPericardiumMeridianofHand-JueyinAbrancharisingfromthechestrunsinsidethechest,comesoutfromthecostalregionbelowtheaxillaandascendstotheaxilla.Followingthemedialaspectoftheupperarm,itrunsbetweentheLungMeridianandHeartMeridiantothecubitalfossa,furtherdow
38、nwardtotheforearmbetweenthetendonsofm.palmarislongusandm.flexorcarpiradiadis,entersthepalm,thenpassesalongthemiddlefingerrightdowntoitstip.Anotherbrancharisingfromthepalmrunsalongtheringfingertoitstip.2主治病候：心痛、胸闷、心惊、心烦、癫狂、腋肿、肘臂挛痛、掌心发热等。Maindisordersofthemeridian:Palpitation,cardiacpain,cough,fullsen
39、sationorpaininthechest;Gastricpain,vomiting,hiccup;Manic-depressivepsychosis,epilepsy,spasmoftheelbowandarm,feverishsensationinthepalm.3主要概要：主治心、胸、胃、神志病及经脉循行部位的其他病症。Indications:Disordersoftheheart,chest,stomachandmentalactivities;Otherdisordersalongthismeridian.4常用腧穴：曲泽定位肘横纹中，肱二头肌腱尺侧。（图1039）主治心痛、心烦、
40、胃痛、呕吐、泻泄、热病、肘臂挛痛。操作直刺115寸或点刺出血。内关 Neiguan(PC6)定位腕横纹上2寸，掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。Location 2cunabovethetransversecreaseofthewrist,betweenthetendonsofm.palmarislongusandm.flexorcarpiradialis.主治心痛、心悸、胸闷、胃痛、呕吐、癫痫、热病、上肢痹痛、偏瘫、失眠、眩晕、偏头痛。Indication 1.mainpointforheartdiseases:tachycardia,bradycardia,arrhythmia,anginape
41、ctoris.2.insomnia,epilepsy,mentaldisorder.3.regulatingbloodpressureinfavorabledirections.4.stuffnessofthechest;chestpainandasthma.5.stomachache,vomiting,retching,hiccup.6.fevercausedbydeficiencyofYin.7.mainpointforacupunctureanaesthesiainchestoperations.操作直刺051寸。（十）手少阳三焦经（共23穴)1经脉循行：起于无名指末端（关冲）上行于第四
42、、五掌骨间，沿腕背、出于前臂外侧尺桡骨之间，经肘尖沿上臂外侧达肩部，交大椎，再向前入缺盆部，分布于胸中，络心包，过膈，从胸至腹，属于上、中、下三焦。胸中支脉：从胸向上出于缺盆部，上走项部，沿耳后直上至额角，再下行经面颊部至目眶下。耳部支脉：从耳后入耳中耳前，与前脉交叉于面颊部，到目外眦，与足少阳胆经相接。ThecourseofTheSanjiaoMeridianofHand-ShaoyangTheSanjiaoMeridianoriginatesfromthetipoftheringfinger,runsupwardbetweenthe4thand5thmetacarpalbonesalong
43、thedorsalaspectofthewristtothelateralaspectoftheforearmbetweentheradiusandulnathenascendsthroughtheolecranonandgoesalongthelateralaspectoftheupperarm,reachestheshoulderregion,acrossandpassesbehindtheGallbladderMeridianwindingovertosupraclavicularfossa,andspreadsinthechesttoconnectwiththepericardium.
44、Itthendescendsthroughdiaphragmandjoinsitspertainingorgan,theupper,middleandlowerjiao.ThecourseofTheSanjiaoMeridianofHand-ShaoyangAbranchstartsfromthechest(Tanzhong)(CV17)runsupwardandcomesoutfromthesupraclavicularfossa,thenascendstotheneck,runsalongtheposteriorborderoftheearandfurthertothecornerofth
45、eanteriorhairline.Thenitrunsdownwardtotheneckandterminatesintheinfraorbitalregion.Thebrancharisesfromtheretroauricularregionandenterstheear,comesoutatthefrontofear,crossesthepreviousbranchatthecheekandreachestheoutercanthus. 2主要病候：腹胀、水肿、遗尿、小便不利、耳聋、喉咽肿痛、目赤肿痛、颊肿、耳后、肩臂肘部外侧痛等。MaindisordersoftheSanjiaoMe
46、ridianofHand-Shaoyang:Tinnitus,deafness,swellingandpaininthethroat,swellingandpainintheeyes,swellingofthecheek,painintheretroauricularregion;abdominaldistention;edema,enuresis,difficulturination;painoccurringintheregionalongthecourseofthemeridian.3主治概要：主治侧头、耳、目、胸胁、咽喉病、热病及经脉循行部位的其他病症Indications:Disea
47、sesofthehead,faceandfiveorgans;Febrilediseases;Otherdiseasesalongthecourseofthemeridian.4常用腧穴：外关 Waiguan(SJ5)定位腕背横纹上2寸，桡尺骨之间。Location 2cunabovethetransversedorsalcreaseofthewrist,betweentheulnaandradius.主治热病、头痛、目赤肿痛、耳鸣耳聋、瘰疠、胁肋痛、上肢痹痛。Indication 1.Shaoyangheadache(migraine).2.coldandfever.3.rednessand
48、swellingoftheeye,tinnitusanddeafness.4.numbnessoftheupperextremities.操作直刺051寸。翳风Yifeng(SJ17)定位乳突前下方，平耳垂后下缘的凹陷中。Locationposteriortothelobuleoftheear,inthedepressionbetweenthemandibleandmastoidprocess.主治耳鸣耳聋、口眼歪斜、牙关紧闭、齿痛、颊肿、瘰疠。Indication 1.mainpointtotreateardiseases:tinnitus,deafness.2.facialparalysi
49、s.3.parotitis.操作直刺0812寸。耳门定位耳屏上切迹前，下颌骨髁状突后缘凹陷中。(Inthedepressionanteriortothesupratragicnotchandbehindtheposteriorborderofthecondyloidprocessofthemandible,thepointislocatedwiththemouthopen.)主治耳鸣耳聋、聤耳、齿痛。Indication:Tinnitus,deafness,otorrheatoothachestiffnessofthelip.操作张口，直刺051寸。（十一）足少阳胆经（共44穴)1经脉循行：起
50、于目外眦（瞳子髎），向上到额角返回下行至耳后，沿颈部向后交会大椎穴再向前入缺盆部入胸过膈，联络肝脏，属胆，沿胁肋部，出于腹股沟，经外阴毛际，横行入髋关节（环跳）。耳部支脉：从耳后入耳中，出走耳前，到目外眦处后向下经颊部会合前脉于缺盆部。下行腋部。 侧胸部，经季肋和前脉会于髋关节后，再向下沿大腿外侧，行于足阳明和足太阳经之间，经腓骨前直下到外踝前，进入足第四趾外侧端（足窍明）；足背部支脉：从足临泣处分出，沿第一、二跖骨之间，至大趾端（大敦）与足厥阴经相接。The course of the Gallbladder Meridianof foot-shaoyangThebrancharisesfr
51、omtherectroauricularregionandentersintotheear.Itcomesoutandpassesthepreauricularregiontotheposterioraspectoftheoutercanthus.The course of the Gallbladder Meridianof foot-shaoyangThebranchfromthesupraclavicularfossarunsdownwardtotheaxilla,alongthelateralsideofthechestandthroughthefloatingribtothehipr
52、egion.Thenitdescendsalongthelateralaspectofthethightothelateralsideofthekneeandgoesfurtherdownwardalongtheanterioraspectofthefibula,reachestheanterioraspectoftheexternalmalleolus.Itthenfollowsthedorsumofthefoottothelateralsideofthetipofthe4thtoe.The course of the Gallbladder Meridianof foot-shaoyang
53、Thebranchfromthedorsumofthefootrunsbetweenthefirstandsecondmetatarsalbonetothedistalportionofthegreattoeandpassesthroughthenailandterminatesatitshairyregion2主要病候：口苦、目眩、疟疾、头痛、颌痛、目外眦痛、缺盆部、腋下、胸胁、股及下肢外侧、足外侧痛等。Maindisordersofthemeridian:headache,dizziness.mentaldiseases.bittertasteinthemouth,painoftheout
54、ercanthus.swellingandpainofthesupraclavicularfossa,andaxillapaininthechest,hypochondriumandlateralsideofthelowerextremities,burningsensationinthefeet.malaria,febrilediseases.3主治概要：主治侧头、目、耳、咽喉病、神志病、热病及经脉循行部位的其他病症。Headandfacialdiseases;Disordersalongthecourseofthemeridian;Otherdisorders:malaria,febril
55、ediseases,mentaldiseases.4常用腧穴：听会定位耳屏间切迹前，下颌骨髁状突后缘，张口呈凹陷处。（图1042）主治耳鸣耳聋、齿痛、口歪。操作张口、直刺051寸。风池:Fengchi(GB20)定位胸锁乳突肌与斜方肌之间凹陷中，平风府穴处。Location intheposterioraspectoftheneck,belowtheoccipitalbone,inthedepressionbetweentheupperportionofm.sternocleidomestoideusandm.trapezius.主治头痛、眩晕、目赤肿痛、鼻渊、鼻衄、耳鸣、颈强项痛、感冒、癫痫
56、、中风、热病、疾、瘿气。Indication 1.fainting,headache,insomniaanddreamness.2.mainpointfordiseasesofthehead,faceandfivesenseorgans,especiallygoodforeyediseases.3.coldandfever.4.loweringhighbloodpressure.5.facialparalysis.6.stiffpainoftheneckandnape.操作针尖微下向鼻尖斜刺0812寸，或平刺透风府穴。附注深部中间为延髓，必须严格掌握针刺角度与深度。环跳Huantiao(GB3
57、0)定位股骨大转子高点与骶管裂孔连线的外13与内23交界处。Location atthejunctionofthemiddleandlateralthirdofthedistancebetweenthehighestpointofgreattrochanterandthehiatusofthesacrum.主治下肢痿痹、腰痛。Indication 1.mainpointtotreatdiseasesofthelowerextremities:sciaticneuralgia,paraplegia.2.acheofthethighbone,facialitisofglutealmuscles.操
58、作直刺23寸。风市Fengshi(GB31)定位大腿外侧正中，腘横纹水平线上7寸。Location onthemidlineofthelateralaspectofthethigh,7cunabovethetransversepolitealcrease.简便取法：患者以手贴于腿外，中指尖下是穴。主治下肢痿痹、遍身瘙、脚气。Indication 1.painofthelowerextremities,paraplegia.2.skinpruritususedwithQuchipoint.操作直刺12寸。阳陵泉Yanglingquan(GB34)定位腓骨小头前下方凹陷中。（图1042）主治胁痛、
59、口苦、呕吐、下肢痿痹、黄疸、脚气、小儿惊风。Location inthedepressionanteriorandinferiortotheheadofthefibual.Indication 1.hepatitis,choldcystits,cholelithisis(cholecyslolithiasis),ascariasisofthegallbladder.2.migraine,paininthehypochondriaeandcostalregion,sciaticneuralgia.3.convulsion,paralysis.4.paininthekneejointandloca
60、lpain.操作直刺115寸。附注参考资料：据报道，在X线观察下，发现针刺无胆囊疾患的健康人阳陵泉穴，可使大部分（757）人的胆囊明显缩小，表明针刺能增加胆囊的运动和排空能力，此种作用在起针后10分钟更加明显。绝骨（悬钟）Xuanzhong(GB39)定位外踝高点上3寸，腓骨后缘。Location 3cunabovethetipoftheexternalmalleolus,ontheposteriorborderofthefibula.主治项强、胸肋胀痛、下肢痿痹。Indication 1.paininthelowerextremities,paralysis,talipesvanus(str
61、ephenopodia).2.painofstiffneckandthenape.3.painofthemalleolusjointandaround.操作直刺115寸。（十二）足厥阴肝经（共14穴）1经脉循行：起于足大趾上毫毛部（大敦），经内踝前向上至内踝上八寸外处交出于足太阴经之后，上行沿股内侧，进入阴毛中，绕阴器，上达小腹，挟胃旁，属肝络胆，过膈，分布于胁肋，沿喉咙后面，向上入鼻咽部，连接于“目系”（眼球连系于脑的部位），上出于前额，与督脉会合于巅顶。“目系”支脉，下行颊里、环绕唇内。肝部支脉：从肝分出，过膈，向上流注于肺，与手太阴肺经相接。2主要病候：腰痛、胸满、呃逆、遗尿、小便不利、
62、疝气、少腹肿等症。3主要概要；主治肝病、妇科、前阴病及经脉循行部位的其他病症。TheCourseOftheLivermeridianofFoot-JueyinmeridianTheLiverMeridianstartsfromthedorsalhairofthegreattoe,runsupwardalongthedorsumofthefootthroughthepoint,1cuninfrontofthemedialmalleolus,ascendstothearea8cunabovethemedialmalleoluswhenitrunsacrossandbehindtheSpleenMe
63、ridian.Thenitrunsfurtherupwardtothemedialsideoftheknee,andalongthemedialsideofthethightothepubichairregionwhereitcurvesaroundtheexternalgenitaliaandgoesuptothelowerabdomen.Itthenrunsupwardandcurvesaroundthestomachtoentertheliver,itspertainingorgan,andconnectswiththegallbladder.TheCourseOftheLivermer
64、idianofFoot-JueyinmeridianItascends,passingthroughthediaphragmandbranchingoutinthecostalandhypochondriacregions.Thenitascendsalongtheposterioraspectofthethroattothenasopharynxandconnectswiththeeye.Runningupward,itcomesoutfromtheforeheadandmeetstheDumeridianatthevertex.TheCourseOftheLivermeridianofFo
65、ot-JueyinmeridianThebrancharisingfromtheeyerunsdownwardintothecheekandcurvesaroundtheinnersurfaceofthelips.Thebrancharisingfromtheliverpassesthroughthediaphragm,runsupwardintothelung.MaindisordersofthemeridianLowerbackpain,fullnessofthechest,hiccup,enuresis,dysuria,hernia,swellingofthelowerabdomen.I
66、ndicationsDisordersofthereproductiveandurinarysystemDisordersofthedigestivesystem:Disordersalongtheregionsalongthecourseofthismeridian:Hypertension,stroke,infantileconvulsion,epilepsy,swellingandpainoftheeye,etc.太冲Taichong(LR3)定位足背，第一、二跖骨结合部之前凹陷中。on the dorsum of the foot, in the depression distal t
67、o the junction of the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones.主治头痛、眩晕、目赤肿痛、口歪、胁痛、遗尿、疝气、崩漏、月经不调、癫痫、呕逆、小儿惊风、下肢痿痹。Indication :1.headache,dizziness,redness,swelling and pain of the eye, sore throat; 2. Irregular menstruation, retention of urine, enuresis, hernia ; 3. Epilepsy , infantile 操作直刺0.5-0.8寸。（一）督脉（共28穴）1经
68、脉循行：起于小腹内，下出于会阴部，向后行于脊柱的内部，上达项后风府，进入脑内，上行巅顶，沿前额下行鼻柱。2主要病候：脊柱强痛，角弓反张等证。3主治概要：主治神志病、热病、腰骶、背、头项局部病证及相应的内脏疾病。4常用腧穴：长强Changqiang(DU1)定位尾骨尖下05寸，约当尾骨尖端与肛门的中点。Location midwaybetweenthetipofthecoccyxandtheanus.主治泄泻、便血、便秘、痔疮、脱肛、癫狂痫等。Indication treatingdisordersoftheanusandrectum:prolapseofrectum,rectitis,tene
69、smus,prolapseofhemorrhoids.操作紧靠尾骨前面斜刺081寸，直刺易伤直肠。命门Mingmen(DU4)定位第二腰椎棘突下。Location belowthespinousprocessofteh2ndlumbarvertebra主治阳痿、遗精、带下、月经不调、泄泻、腰脊强痛等。Indication 1.mainpointtotreatdiseasesofgenitalsystem:impotence,ejaculatoryproecox,spermatirrhea,irregularmenstruation,usuallygoodfordeficiencysyndrom
70、e.2.chronicdiarrhea3.acheofthebackandspinalcolumn操作向上斜刺051寸。大椎Dazhui(DU14)定位第七颈椎棘突下。Location belowthespinousprocessofthe7thcervicalvertebra主治热病、疟疾、喘咳、骨蒸盗汗、癫痫、头痛项强、风疹。Indication 1.relievingfever,cold.2.malaria,controllingthesymptomofmalaria,especiallygoodfortertianmalariaandtypicalfebriletype.3.regul
71、atingthecountofthewhitebloodcells:radiotherapyorchemotherapymaycausethedecreaseofwhitebloodcellsofthepatientswithtumor,whichmaybeincreasedbyacupuncture;fortropicaleosinophilia,acupuncturemaydecreaseacidocyte.操作向上斜刺051寸。哑门Yamen(DU15)定位后发际正中直上05寸。Location 0.5cundirectlyabovethemidpointoftheposteriorha
72、irline.主治暴暗、舌强不语、癫狂痫、头痛、项强。Indication 1.mainpointfordumbness,aphasiacausedbytheafter-effectofmeningitisandapoplexy.2.headacheandstiffneck.操作直刺或向下斜刺051寸，不可深刺或向上斜刺，以免伤及延髓。风府Fengfu(DU16)定位后发际正中直上1寸。Location 1cundirectlyabovethemidpointoftheposteriorhairline.主治头痛、项强、眩晕、咽喉肿痛、失音、癫狂、中风。Indication 1.fever,c
73、old,oftenusedwithFengchipoint.2.dizziness,headache,stiffneck,after-effectofcerebralconcussion.3.aphasiacausedbyafter-effectofcerebralapoplexy.4.epilepsyandschizophrenia.操作直刺或向下刺051寸，不可深刺或向上斜刺，以免伤及延髓。百会Baihui(DU20)定位后发际正中直上7寸。Location 7cundirectlyabovethemidpointoftheposteriorhairline.简便取法：耳尖直上，头项正中。
74、主治头痛眩晕、中风失语、癫狂、脱肛、阴挺、不寐。Indication 1.mainpointtotreatdizziness(acupunctureforExcessivesyndromeandmoxibustionforDeficiencysyndrome)2.mainpointtotreatdiseasesfothebrain:cerebralapoplexy,epilepsy,variouskindsofheadache.3.prolapseofrectumoruterus4.neurasthenia,faintness,insomnia.操作平刺0508寸。水沟（人中）Shuigou(
75、DU26)定位在人中沟的上13与中13交界处。Location atthejunctionofthesuperiorandmiddlethirdofthephiltrum.主治癫狂病、小儿惊风、昏迷、口眼歪斜、腰脊强痛。Indication 1.mainpointtorelieveshockinfirstaid.Ifthereisnotneedleathand,thenailofafingercanbeusedtopressthepoint,whichmayincreasebloodpressureandexciterespiration.2.schizorhrenia,hysteria.3.
76、facialparalysis.操作向上斜刺0305寸。（二）任脉（共24穴）1经脉循行：起于小腹内，下出会阴部，向上行于阴毛部，沿腹内向上经前正中线到达咽喉部，再向上环绕口唇，经面部入目眶下。2主要病候：疝气、带下、腹中结块等。3主治概要：主治腹、胸、颈头面的局部病证及相应的内脏器官疾病。少数腧穴有强壮作用或可治神志病。4常用腧穴：中极Zhongji(RN3)定位脐下4寸。Location 4cunbelowtheumbilicus.主治遗尿、尿频、尿闭、泄泻、腹痛、遗精、阳痿、疝气、月经不调、带下、不孕、虚痨赢瘦。Indication infectionofurinarytract,uri
77、naryretention,nocturnalenuresis.Irregularmenstruation,hysteroptosis,malesexualdysfunction,pelvicinfection.操作直刺12寸。关元Guanyuan(RN4)定位脐下3寸。Location 3cunbelowtheumbilicus.主治遗尿、尿频、尿闭、泄泻、腹痛、遗精、阳痿、疝气、月经不调、带下、不孕、虚劳赢瘦。Indication 1.Mainpointfordiseasesofurinaryandgenitalsystem:paincausedbypolyuria,retentionof
78、urine,incontinenceofurine,nocturnalenuresis,impotence,spermatorrhea,irregularmenstruationanddysmenorrhea.2.chronicabdominalpain,chronicdiarrhea.3.Theagedchronicbrochitis.4.Collapse(usuallyusemoxibustion)oftheuterus.5.Healthpoint,usedtokeepthebodyfit.操作直刺12寸。附注本穴有强壮作用，为保健要穴。气海Qihai(RN6)定位脐下15寸。Locati
79、on 1.5cunbelowtheumbilicus.主治腹痛、泄泻、便秘、遗尿、疝气、遗精、月经不调、经闭、虚脱。Indication 1.fullnessoftheabdomen,abdominalpain.2.mainpointfordiseasesoftheintestines,diarrhea,dysentery,entero-paralysis,coughandasthma.3.totreatdiseasesoftheurinaryandgenitalsystems,oftenusedwithGuanyuanpoint.4.healthpointusedtokeepthebodyf
80、it.5.relievingcollapse,oftenusedwithShenqueandGuanyuan.操作直刺12寸。附注本穴有强壮作用，为保健要穴。神阙Shenque(RN8)定位脐的中间。Location inthecentreoftheumbilicus.主治腹痛肠鸣，腹胀水肿，久痢脱肛，溺水及中风等各种脱证。Indication 1.abdominalpain,distention,diarrhea,borborygmus.2.collapseinfirstaid,oftenusedwithQihaiandGuanyuan.操作禁针。多取隔盐大艾柱灸515壮或艾条灸515分钟。
81、附注针灸甲乙经谓不可刺。下脘定位脐上2寸。（图1053）主治腹痛、腹胀、泄泻、呕吐、食谷不化、痞块。操作直刺12寸。中脘Zhongwan(RN12)定位脐上4寸。Location 4cunabovetheumbilicus.主治胃痛、呕吐、吞酸、泄泻、黄疸、癫狂。Indication 1.mainpointforstomachdiseases:stomachache,fullnessofthestomach,regurgitationofacid,belching,nauseaandvomiting.2.coughwithphlegm.操作直刺115寸。附注参考资料：据实验观察，针刺中脘穴可使
82、健康人的胃蠕动增强。表现为幽门立即开放，胃下缘轻度升高，空肠粘膜皱襞增深，增密，空肠动力增强，上段尤为明显。上脘定位脐上5寸。（图1053）主治胃痛、呕吐、腹胀、癫痫。操作直刺115寸。承浆定位颏唇沟的中点。主治口歪、齿龈肿痛、流涎、暴喑、癫狂。三、奇穴四神聪定位百会穴前后左右各1寸处。主治头痛、眩晕、失眠、健忘、癫痫。操作平刺0508寸。Sishengcong Location:At the vertex of the head, a group of four points, 1 cun respectively anterior, posterior and lateral to GV2
83、0(Baihui). Indication1. headache, dizziness2. insomnia, poor memory3. epilepsyMethodsubcutaneous insertion 0.5-0.8 cun. 印堂定位两眉头连线的中点。（图1059）主治头痛、眩晕、鼻衄、鼻渊、小儿惊风、失眠。操作平刺0308寸。Yitang Location :On the forehead, at the midpoint between the medial ends of the two eyebrows. Indication 1. headache, vertigo,
84、rhinorrhea, epistaxis 2. diseases of 3. infantile convulsion4. insomniMethod subcutaneous insertion 0.3-0.5 cun.太阳定位眉梢与目外眦之间的向后约1寸过凹陷中。（图1060）主治头痛、目疾。操作直刺或斜刺0305寸或点刺出血Taiyang Location：In the region of the temples, in the depression about one finger-breadth posterior to the midpoint between the later
85、al end of the eyebrow and the outer canthus. 定喘定喘 定位第七颈椎棘突下，旁第七颈椎棘突下，旁开开.寸处。寸处。主治（1）咳喘咳喘 （2）颈项强痛颈项强痛DingchuanLocationOntheback,0.5cunlateraltothelowerborderofthespinousprocessoftheseventhcervicalvertebra.Indication1.asthma,cough,oppressionofthechest,shortnessofbreath.2.sorethroat.Methodperpendicularinsertion0.5-0.8cun.四缝四缝 定位第二第二三三四四五指五指掌面，近端指关节横掌面，近端指关节横纹中，（双手共穴）纹中，（双手共穴）主治（1）小儿疳疾小儿疳疾 （2）百日咳百日咳SifengLocationOntheparlmarsurface,inthemidpointofthetransversecreasesoftheproximalinterphalangealjointsoftheindex,middle,ringandlittlefingers.Onehandhasfourpoints,bothhandshaveatotalofeightpoints.
