新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材高级英语第二册Unit1PPT课件

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1、Unit1TheHappyMan新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语2 2电子教案电子教案13DetailedReadingContents24516WarmUpGlobalReadingConsolidationActivitiesFurtherEnhancement2Section1:WarmUpWatchavideoabouttheformulaofhappinessanddiscussthisquestion:whatinyouropinionarethemainsourcesofhappiness?Thefoll

2、owingquotationsabouthappinessareforyourreference.Lead-inBackgroundInformation3Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformation1.Happinessisthemeaningandthepurposeoflife,thewholeaimandendofhumanexistence.(Aristotle)2.Happinessiswhenwhatyouthink,whatyousay,andwhatyoudoareinharmony.(MahatmaGandhi)3.Happines

3、s is not a rewardit is a consequence. (RobertIngersoll)4. Happiness is different from pleasure. Happiness hassomething to do with struggling and enduring and accomplishing.(GeorgeSheehan)5.Happinessisnotastationyouarriveat,butamanneroftraveling.(MargaretLeeRunbeck)4Section1:WarmUpAbouttheAuthorBertr

4、andRussell:aBritishphilosopher and political activist.Russellbecamethebest-knownphilosopher of his time because ofthevolumeandclarityofhiswriting,andthevigorandprominenceofhispolitical activism. His major earlyworkwas The Principles of Mathematics,firstpublishedin1903.1872-1970BackgroundInformationL

5、ead-in5Section2:GlobalReadingWhatisthetextmainlyabout?StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaInthisarticle,theauthorpointsoutthatwhenthe external circumstances are favorable, thegreatest obstacle to happiness is self-centeredpassions. He proposes that one should cultivategenuineinterestsintheoutsideworldtogetrid

6、ofthe obstacle and achieve natural and healthyhappiness.Hebelievesthatonlybytakingoneselfas a member, rather than as the center, of theuniverse,canonefindthegreatestjoyoflife.6Section2:GlobalReadingPleasedividethetextinto3partsandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartI(Paragra

7、phs1-3)IntroductionInParagraphs1-3,theauthorpointsoutclearlythatthegreatestobstacleinpeopleswaytohappinessistheirexcessiveself-absorption.7PartIII (Paragraphs6-7)DiscussiononSelf-denialParagraphs 6 and 7 are devoted to the discussion ofself-denialwhich,accordingtotheauthor,isalsoakindofself-centered

8、passion.PartII(Paragraphs4-5)SolutionIn Paragraphs 4-5 the author offers his solutiontocultivate genuine interests, and introduces in detail thespecific remedies for such self-centered passions as thesenseofsin,self-pityandfear.Section2:GlobalReadingStructuralAnalysisMainIdea8Section3:DetailedReadin

9、g1Happiness,asisevident,dependspartlyuponexternalcircumstancesandpartlyupononeself.Wehavebeenconcernedinthisvolumewiththepartwhichdependsupononeself,andwehavebeenledtotheviewthatsofarasthispartisconcerned,therecipeforhappinessisaverysimpleone.Itisthoughtbymany,amongwhomIthinkwemustincludeMr.Krutch,w

10、homweconsideredinanearlierchapter,thathappinessisimpossiblewithoutacreedofamoreorlessreligiouskind.TheHappyMan9Section3:DetailedReadingItisthoughtbymanywhoarethemselvesunhappythattheir sorrows have complicated and highly intellectualizedsources.Idonotbelievethatsuchthingsaregenuinecausesof either ha

11、ppiness or unhappiness; I think they are onlysymptoms.Themanwhoisunhappywill,asarule,adoptanunhappy creed, while the man who is happy will adopt ahappy creed; each may attribute his happiness orunhappiness to his beliefs, while the real causation is theotherwayround.10Section3:DetailedReadingCertain

12、 things are indispensable to the happiness of mostmen, but these are simple things: food and shelter, health,love,successfulworkandtherespectofonesownherd.Tosomepeopleparenthoodalsoisessential.Wherethesethingsarelacking,onlytheexceptionalmancanachievehappiness,but where they are enjoyed, or can be o

13、btained by well-directedeffort,themanwhoisstillunhappyissufferingfromsomepsychologicalmaladjustmentwhich,ifitisverygrave,mayneedtheservicesofapsychiatrist,butcaninordinarycasesbecuredbythepatienthimself,providedhesetsaboutthematterintherightway.11Section3:DetailedReadingWhereoutwardcircumstancesaren

14、otdefinitelyunfortunate,amanshouldbeabletoachievehappiness,providedthathispassionsandinterestsaredirectedoutward,notinward.Itshouldbeourendeavortherefore,bothineducationandinattemptstoadjustourselvestotheworld,toaimatavoidingself-centeredpassionsandatacquiringthoseaffectionsandthoseinterestswhichwil

15、lpreventourthoughtsfromdwellingperpetuallyuponourselves.Itisnotthenatureofmostmentobehappyinaprison,andthepassionswhichshutusupinourselvesconstituteoneoftheworstkindsofprisons.12Section3:DetailedReadingAmongsuchpassions,someofthecommonestarefear,envy,and the sense of sin, self-pity and self-admirati

16、on. In alltheseourdesiresarecentereduponourselves:thereisnogenuineinterestintheouterworld,butonlyaconcernlestitshouldinsomewayinjureusorfailtofeedourego.Fearistheprincipalreasonwhymenaresounwillingtoadmitfactsand so anxious to wrap themselves round in a warmgarmentofmyth.13Section3:DetailedReadingBu

17、tthethornstearthewarmgarmentandthecoldblastspenetratethroughtherents,andthemanwhohasbecomeaccustomedtoitswarmthsuffersfarmorefromtheseblaststhanamanwhohashardenedhimselftothemfromthefirst.Moreover,thosewhodeceivethemselvesgenerallyknowatbottom that they are doing so, and live in a state ofapprehensi

18、on lest some untoward event should forceunwelcomerealizationsuponthem.QUESTION142Oneofthegreatdrawbackstoself-centeredpassionsisthatthey afford so little variety in life. The man who loves onlyhimself cannot, it is true, be accused of promiscuity in hisaffections, but he is bound in the end to suffe

19、r intolerableboredom from the invariable sameness of the object of hisdevotion.Themanwhosuffersfromasenseofsinissufferingfromaparticularkindofself-love.Inallthisvastuniversethethingthatappearstohimofmostimportanceisthathehimselfshould be virtuous. It is a grave defect in certain forms oftraditionalr

20、eligionthattheyhaveencouragedthisparticularkindofself-absorption.Section3:DetailedReading153Thehappymanisthemanwholivesobjectively,whohasfree affections and wide interests, who secures his happinessthroughtheseinterestsandaffectionsandthroughthefactthatthey,inturn,makehimanobjectofinterestandaffecti

21、ontomany others. xxxTo be the recipient of affection is a potentcauseofhappiness,butthemanwhodemandsaffectionisnotthemanuponwhomitisbestowed.Themanwhoreceivesaffectionis,speakingbroadly,themanwhogivesit.Butitisuselesstoattempttogiveitasacalculation,inthewayinwhichonemightlendmoneyatinterest,foracalc

22、ulatedaffectionisnotgenuineandisnotfelttobesobytherecipient.Section3:DetailedReading16Section3:DetailedReading4Whatthencanamandowhoisunhappybecauseheisencased in self? So long as he continues to think about thecausesofhisunhappiness,hecontinuestobeself-centeredandthereforedoesnotgetoutsidethevicious

23、circle;ifheistogetoutsideit,itmustbebygenuineinterests,notbysimulatedinterestsadoptedmerelyasamedicine.Althoughthisdifficultyis real, there is nevertheless much that he can do if he hasrightlydiagnosedhistrouble.If,forexample,histroubleisduetoasenseofsin,consciousorunconscious,hecanfirstpersuadehisc

24、onsciousmindthathehasnoreasontofeelsinful,17Section3:DetailedReadingand then proceed, by the kind of technique that we haveconsidered in an earlier chapter, to plant this rationalconviction in his unconscious mind, concerning himselfmeanwhile with some more or less neutral activity. If hesucceeds in

25、 dispelling the sense of sin, it is probable thatgenuinely objective interests will arise spontaneously. If histroubleisself-pity,hecandealwithitinthesamemannerafterfirst persuading himselfthat thereis nothing extraordinarilyunfortunateinhiscircumstances.Iffearishistrouble,lethimpracticeexercisesdes

26、ignedtogivecourage.Courageinwarhas18Section3:DetailedReadingbeenrecognizedfromtimeimmemorialasanimportantvirtue,andagreatpartofthetrainingofboysandyoungmenhasbeen devoted to producing a type of character capable offearlessness in battle. But moral courage and intellectualcouragehavebeenmuchlessstudi

27、ed;theyalso,however,havetheirtechnique.Admittoyourselfeverydayatleastonepainfultruth;youwillfindthisquiteasusefulastheBoyScoutsdailykindaction.Teachyourselftofeelthatlifewouldstillbeworthlivingevenifyouwerenot,asofcourseyouare,immeasurablysuperiortoallyourfriendsinvirtueandintelligence.19Section3:De

28、tailedReadingExercisesofthissortprolongedthroughseveralyearswillatlastenableyoutoadmitfactswithoutflinching,andwill,insodoing,freeyoufromtheempireoffearoveraverylargefield.5Whattheobjectiveinterestsaretobethatwillariseinyouwhenyouhaveovercomethediseaseofself-absorptionmustbelefttothespontaneousworki

29、ngsofyournatureandofexternalcircumstances.Donotsaytoyourselfinadvance,“Ishouldbehappy if I could become absorbed in stamp-collecting”, andthereuponsettoworktocollectstamps,foritmaywellhappenQUESTION206Thehappylifeistoanextraordinaryextentthesameasthegoodlife.Professionalmoralistshavemadetoomuchofsel

30、f-denial, and in so doing have put the emphasis in the wrongplace.Consciousself-denialleavesamanself-absorbedandvividlyawareofwhathehassacrificed;inconsequenceitSection3:DetailedReadingthatyouwillfailaltogethertofindstamp-collectinginteresting.Onlywhatgenuinelyinterestsyoucanbeofanyusetoyou,butyouma

31、ybeprettysurethatgenuineobjectiveinterestswillgrowupassoonasyouhavelearntnottobeimmersedinself.21Section3:DetailedReadingfails often of its immediate object and almost always of itsultimate purpose. aaaWhat is needed is not self-denial, butthat kind of direction of interest outward which will leadsp

32、ontaneously and naturally to the same acts that a personabsorbedinthepursuitofhisownvirtuecouldonlyperformbymeansofconsciousself-denial.Ihavewritteninthisbookasahedonist,thatistosay,asonewhoregardshappinessasthegood,buttheactstoberecommendedfromthepointofviewofthehedonistareonthewholethesameasthoset

33、oberecommendedbythesanemoralist.22Section3:DetailedReadingThemoralist,however,istooapt,thoughthisisnot,ofcourse,universallytrue,tostresstheactratherthanthestateofmind.Theeffectsofanactupontheagentwillbewidelydifferent,accordingtohisstateofmindatthemoment.Ifyousee a child drowning and save it as the

34、result of a directimpulse to bring help, you will emerge none the worsemorally.If,ontheotherhand,yousaytoyourself,“Itisthepart of virtue to succour the helpless, and I wish to be avirtuousman,thereforeImustsavethischild”,youwillbeanevenworsemanafterwardsthanyouwerebefore.QUESTION23Section3:DetailedR

35、eadingWhat applies in this extreme case applies in many otherinstancesthatarelessobvious.7Thereisanotherdifference,somewhatmoresubtle,betweentheattitudetowardlifethatIhavebeenrecommendingandthatwhichisrecommendedbythetraditionalmoralists.Thetraditionalmoralist,forexample,willsaythatloveshouldbeunsel

36、fish.Inacertainsenseheisright,thatistosay,itshouldnotbeselfishbeyondapoint,butitshouldundoubtedlybeofsuchanaturethatonesownhappinessisboundupinitssuccess.24Section3:DetailedReadingIfamanweretoinvitealadytomarryhimonthegroundthathe ardently desired her happiness and at the same timeconsideredthatshew

37、ouldaffordhimidealopportunitiesofself-abnegation,Ithinkitmaybedoubtedwhethershewouldbealtogether pleased. Undoubtedly we should desire thehappinessofthosewhomwelove,butnotasanalternativetoourown.Infactthewholeantithesisbetweenselfandtherestof the world, which is implied in the doctrine of self-denia

38、l,disappearsassoonaswehaveanygenuineinterestinpersonsorthingsoutsideourselves.25Section3:DetailedReadingThroughsuchinterestsamancomestofeelhimselfpartofthestreamoflife,notahardseparateentitylikeabilliard-ball,whichcanhavenorelationwithothersuchentitiesexceptthatofcollision.Allunhappinessdependsupons

39、omekindofdisintegration or lack of integration; there is disintegrationwithin the self through lack of coordination between theconscious and the unconscious mind; there is lack ofintegrationbetweentheselfandsocietywherethetwoarenotknittogetherbytheforceofobjectiveinterestsandaffections.26Section3:De

40、tailedReadingThehappymanisthemanwhodoesnotsufferfromeitherofthese failures of unity, whose personality is neither dividedagainst itself nor pitted against the world. Such a man feelshimselfacitizenoftheuniverse,enjoyingfreelythespectaclethat it offers and the joys that it affords, untroubled by thet

41、houghtofdeathbecausehefeelshimselfnotreallyseparatefromthosewhowillcomeafterhim.Itisinsuchprofoundinstinctiveunionwiththestreamoflifethatthegreatestjoyistobefound.QUESTIONACTIVITY27Section3:DetailedReadingWhat is the chief cause of unhappiness when actualcircumstancesarenotunfavorable?(Paragraph1)Pr

42、ovidedthatthecircumstancesarenotunfortunate,the main cause of unhappiness lies in self-centeredpassionsandintereststhatmakeaprisonwhereoneisshutoutfromtheoutsideworld.28Section3:DetailedReadingHowcanoneconqueralldifficultiesandreachtheobjectiveofhappiness?(Paragraph4)Thefirstthing,ofcourse,istodiagn

43、osecorrectlyhisowntrouble,andthentotakecorrespondingactions.To sum up, the solution is to develop genuineinterests,andtherebygetoutsideofonesownclosedworld.29Section3:DetailedReadingWhy does traditional moralists preaching fail to generatehappiness?(Paragraph6)Professional or traditional moralists t

44、end to preachself-denial and, according to the author, havemisplacedtheemphasis.Consciousself-denialleavesamanself-absorbedandvividlyawareofwhathehassacrificed;therefore,hecannotreallyfeelhappy.30Section3:DetailedReadingIn the authors view, how does his recommendation differfromthatofthetraditionalm

45、oralist?(Paragraph7)Traditionalmoralistsappealtounselfishlovewhichthe author believes may encourage self-abnegationand make a barrier to real happiness. On thecontrary,theauthorarguesthattheselfandtherestoftheworldcanbeintegrated,andrealhappinesscanbeattained,solongaswehavegenuineinterestsinpersonso

46、rthingsoutsideourselves.31Section3:DetailedReadingClassDiscussionAccording to the author, to achieve happiness oneshouldcultivategenuineinterestsintheoutsideworld.Doyouagreewithhisopinion?Whatinyourviewistherealrecipeforhappiness?32Section3:DetailedReadingrecipe:n.amethodoranideathatseemslikelytohav

47、eaparticularresulte.g.Hethinkstheonerecipeforsuccessliesinhardwork.33Section3:DetailedReadingJosephWoodKrutch:American author, editor,andteacher.Highlyregarded as a social andliterarycritic,KrutchswritingsincludeEdgar Allan Poe: A Study in Genius(1926),The Modern Temper(1929),Samuel Johnson(1944), a

48、ndHenry David Thoreau(1948).1893-197034Section3:DetailedReadingcreed:n. systemofbeliefsoropinions,esp.religiousbeliefse.g.Thelawsapplytoeveryoneirrespectiveofrace,creedorcolour.35Section3:DetailedReadingexceptional: a. veryunusuale.g.This deadline will be extended only in exceptionalcircumstances.36

49、Section3:DetailedReadingmaladjustment: a. inability to adjust to the demands ofinterpersonalrelationshipsandthestressesofdailylivinge.g.Regular daydreaming was regarded as evidence ofmaladjustmentoranescapefromlifesrealitiesandresponsibilities.37Section3:DetailedReadingsetabout:v. tostarttodoordealw

50、ithsth.e.g.Itriedtoapologize,butIthinkIsetaboutitthewrongway.38Section3:DetailedReadinge.g.Shepulledthegarmentonandzippeditup.garment:n. apieceofclothing39Section3:DetailedReadingblast:n. asuddenstrongmovementofwindoraire.g.Ablastofcoldairsweptthroughthehut.40Section3:DetailedReadingharden:v.tomakes

51、b.lesskindorlessaffectedbyextremesituationse.g.Lifehashardenedme.Inthisjobyouhavetohardenyourhearttopainandsuffering.41Section3:DetailedReadingatbottom: inabasicwaye.g.Jealousyis,atbottom,alackofself-confidence.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish.虽然他秉性是保守的虽然他秉性是保守的, , 但他骨子里对政策并不感兴趣。但他骨

52、子里对政策并不感兴趣。(=Thoughbyinstinctconservative,hewasatbottomuninterestedinpolicy.) 42Section3:DetailedReadinguntoward: a. unusual and unexpected, and usuallyunpleasante.g.Itsimportantthatnothinguntowardshouldhappenduringhisvisit.Transformation:untowardlyad.untowardnessn.43Section3:DetailedReadingpromiscu

53、ity: n. the state of including a wide range ofdifferentthingse.g.therisksofpromiscuoussexualbehaviour44Section3:DetailedReadingrecipient:n. apersonwhoreceivessth.e.g.recipientsofawards/services/fundsSynonym:receiver45Section3:DetailedReadingpotent:a. havingorabletoexertgreatpowere.g.Advertisingisapo

54、tentforceinshowingsmokingasasociallyacceptablehabit.46Section3:DetailedReadingbestow:v.togiveformallyorofficiallye.g.TheQueenhasbestowedaknighthoodonhim.Thetrophywasbestoweduponthewinner.47Section3:DetailedReadingbeencasein:a. becompletelycoveredorsurroundedbysth.e.g.Hisbrokenlegwasencasedinplaster.

55、48Section3:DetailedReadingsimulated:a.notreal,butmadetolook,sound,orfeelreale.g.Shelookedatthereportwithsimulatedinterest.Transformation:simulatev.simulationn.Synonym:fake49Section3:DetailedReadingdispel:v.drivesth.awaye.g.Thecompanyistryingtodispelrumoursaboutatake-over.Practice:Translatethefollowi

56、ngsentenceintoEnglish.他愉快的笑声消除了她的恐惧。他愉快的笑声消除了她的恐惧。(=Hischeerfullaughterdispelledherfears.)Synonym:disperse,driveaway,scatter50Section3:DetailedReadingspontaneously:ad. inanatural,oftensuddenway,withoutanyplanningorwithoutbeingforcede.g.Shelaughedspontaneously.Transformation:spontaneousa.spontaneityn

57、.51Section3:DetailedReadingimmemorial:a.thathasexistedforlongerthanpeoplecanremembere.g.My family has lived in this area from timeimmemorial.52Section3:DetailedReadingBoy Scout:n. an organization of boys, founded inEnglandin1908byLieut.Gen.SirRobertS.S.Baden-Powell,thatseekstodevelopcertainskillsini

58、tsmembers,aswellascharacter,self-reliance,andusefulnesstoothers53Section3:DetailedReadingflinch:v.todrawawayinvoluntarily,usuallyoutoffearordisguste.g.Hedidnotflinchfromhisduty.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish.在困难面前我们决不退缩。在困难面前我们决不退缩。（=Weneverflinchfromdifficulties. ）54Section3:Deta

59、iledReadingthereupon: ad. immediately after something else hashappened,andusuallyasaresultofite.g.Thereuponthewholeaudiencebegancheering.55Section3:DetailedReadinghedonist:n. apersonwhobelievesthatpleasureisthemostimportantthinginlifeTransformation:hedonistica.hedonismn.56Section3:DetailedReadingage

60、nt:n. apersonorthingthathasanimportanteffectonasituatione.g.Thecharityhasbeenanagentforsocialchange.57Section3:DetailedReadingsuccour:v.tohelpsb.whoissufferingorhavingproblemse.g.Helicopters fly in appalling weather to succourshipwreckedmariners.58Section3:DetailedReadingardently: ad. enthusiastical

61、ly and showing strong feelingsaboutsth./sb.Hesbeenoneofthemostardentsupportersoftheadministrationspolicy.He was internationally minded; he believedardentlyinconcordbetweennations.e.g.Transformation:ardenta.e.g.59Section3:DetailedReadingabnegation:n. theactofnotallowingyourselftohavesth.thatyouwant;t

62、heactofrejectingsth.e.g.Men with that capacity for self-abnegation do notreachaPresidency.Onlyspontaneousloveflowingwithsinceregenerosityandself-abnegationcanfertilizethesoulofothers.Synonym:denial60Section3:DetailedReadingantithesis:n. acontrastbetweentwothingse.g.Thereisanantithesisbetweentheneeds

63、ofthestateandtheneedsofthepeople.61Section3:DetailedReadingbilliard-ball:n.asmall,hardballusedincuesports,suchascarombilliards,pool,andsnooker62Section3:DetailedReadingpitagainst:tosetsb.orsth.inoppositiontosb.orsth.else.e.g.Idliketopitmywitsagainstthebest.63Section3:DetailedReadingthathappinessisim

64、possiblewithoutacreedofamoreorlessreligiouskind.(Paragraph1)Paraphrase:Without following with a somewhat religious awe anddevotionastrictsetofprincipleswhichincludetheideaofself-sacrifice and other similar ideas, the realization ofhappinesswouldbeimpossible.Translation:如果没有一种多少带有宗教色彩的信仰，那么幸福是不可能如果没有

65、一种多少带有宗教色彩的信仰，那么幸福是不可能的。的。 64Section3:DetailedReadingItisthoughtbymanywhoarethemselvesunhappythattheirsorrowshavecomplicatedandhighlyintellectualizedsources.(Paragraph1)Paraphrase:Manyunhappypeoplethinktheirunhappinessisareflectionoftheirprofundity.Translation:许许多多自自己己并并不不幸幸福福的的人人认认为为，他他们们的的忧忧伤伤有有着着

66、复复杂杂而而高高深深的的原因。原因。65Section3:DetailedReadingButthethornstearthewarmgarmentandthecoldblastspenetrate through the rents, and the man who has becomeaccustomedtoitswarmthsuffersfarmorefromtheseblaststhanamanwhohashardenedhimselftothemfromthefirst.(Paragraph1)Paraphrase:But, reality is, after all, realit

67、y, and all illusions and self-deceptionswillbreakupsomeday.Anyonewhohasindulgedhimselfinsuchillusionsismorevulnerablethanthosewhohavefaceduptodifficultiesallalong.66Section3:DetailedReadingTranslation:然而现实的荆棘撕破了长袍，寒冷刺骨的风从撕裂处长驱直然而现实的荆棘撕破了长袍，寒冷刺骨的风从撕裂处长驱直入，这时已经习惯了温暖舒适的人，比一个从开始就经受了入，这时已经习惯了温暖舒适的人，比一个从开

68、始就经受了磨练的人，要遭受更多的痛苦。磨练的人，要遭受更多的痛苦。67Section3:DetailedReadingThehappymanisthemanwholivesobjectively,whohasfreeaffections and wide interests, who secures his happinessthroughtheseinterestsandaffectionsandthroughthefactthatthey,inturn,makehimanobjectofinterestandaffectiontomanyothers.(Paragraph3)Paraphr

69、ase:Onecanbehappysolongashehasdevelopedaffectionsandintereststhat arenot self-centered.Through givingaffectionand interest to other people, one may receive interest andaffectionfromothersinreturn.68Section3:DetailedReadingTranslation:一个幸福的人，以客观的态度安身立命，他具有自由的爱和一个幸福的人，以客观的态度安身立命，他具有自由的爱和广泛的兴趣，凭着这些爱和兴趣

70、，同时凭着它们使他成为他广泛的兴趣，凭着这些爱和兴趣，同时凭着它们使他成为他人的爱和兴趣的对象，他获得了幸福。人的爱和兴趣的对象，他获得了幸福。69Section3:DetailedReadingTobetherecipientofaffectionisapotentcauseofhappiness,but the man who demands affection is not the man uponwhomitisbestowed.(Paragraph3)Paraphrase:To be able to receive affection from others can certainl

71、ymakeapersonhappy.Butifsuchaffectionisnotgivenoutoftheirfreewill,butasaresultofademandorevencoercion,thenhewhoreceivessuchareluctantofferstillcannotbemadehappy.Translation:能成为被爱的对象，固然是幸福的一大源泉，然而索取爱的能成为被爱的对象，固然是幸福的一大源泉，然而索取爱的人并不就真的能够得到爱。人并不就真的能够得到爱。70Section3:DetailedReadingThemanwhoreceivesaffection

72、is,speakingbroadly,themanwhogivesit.(Paragraph3)Paraphrase:Innormalcases,thegainofaffectionisanaturalrewardofonesofferofaffection.Translation:广义说来，得到爱的人正是给予爱的人。广义说来，得到爱的人正是给予爱的人。71如如果果他他要要跳跳出出来来，他他就就得得借借助助于于真真实实的的兴兴趣趣，而而不不是是指指望望那那些被当作药物一般接受的做作的兴趣。些被当作药物一般接受的做作的兴趣。Section3:DetailedReadingifheistogeto

73、utsideit,itmustbebygenuineinterests,notby simulated interests adopted merely as a medicine.(Paragraph5)Paraphrase:Ifonewantstobreakthedeadlockofself-centeredpassions,heshouldtrytocultivatesomerealinterestsintheoutsideworld.In the process, he must be sincere and devote himselfwholeheartedly. If he on

74、ly wishes to better his miserableconditionbyimitatingothersbehavior,thennothingwillbechanged,forhisconcernisstillconfinedexclusivelytohimself.Translation:72Section3:DetailedReadingWhattheobjectiveinterestsaretobethatwillariseinyouwhenyouhaveovercomethediseaseofself-absorptionmustbelefttothespontaneo

75、us workingsofyournatureandofexternalcircumstances.(Paragraph5)Paraphrase:When you have escaped from the firm grip of your self-centered passions, you will find some genuine intereststowardstheoutsideworldbeingcultivated.Yet,youcannotdecidethesetypesofinterestsinadvance.Theyareactuallytheresultofthej

76、ointworkingsofyournatureandexternalcircumstances.73Section3:DetailedReadingTranslation:当你战胜了自我专注的毛病，至于以后能有什么样的客观兴当你战胜了自我专注的毛病，至于以后能有什么样的客观兴趣，那只能是你的天性和外界环境的自然而然的结果，你就趣，那只能是你的天性和外界环境的自然而然的结果，你就不必为此徒费心神了。不必为此徒费心神了。74Section3:DetailedReadingConscious self-denial leaves a man self-absorbed andvividlyawar

77、eofwhathehassacrificed;inconsequenceitfailsoftenofitsimmediateobjectandalmostalwaysofitsultimatepurpose.(Paragraph6)Paraphrase:If one makes deliberate efforts in sacrificing his desires orinterests, he is actually thinking too much of himself andattachingmoreweighttohisbehaviorofsacrificethanothersb

78、enefit.Therefore,hisunnaturaleffortswillneitherbringrealpleasuretoothers,whichistheimmediateobjectofhisself-denial, nor enhance his moral level, which is his ultimatepurpose.75Section3:DetailedReadingTranslation:有意识的自制，使一个人变得专注于自我，并清楚地知道他有意识的自制，使一个人变得专注于自我，并清楚地知道他所作的牺牲，这样做的结果只能是：在当前的目标上，他往所作的牺牲，这样做的

79、结果只能是：在当前的目标上，他往往失败；在最后的目标上，他几乎总会落空。往失败；在最后的目标上，他几乎总会落空。76Section3:DetailedReadingWhatisneededisnotself-denial,butthatkindofdirectionofinterestoutwardwhichwillleadspontaneouslyandnaturallytothesameactsthatapersonabsorbedinthepursuitofhisownvirtuecouldonlyperformbymeansofconsciousself-denial.(Paragra

80、ph6)Explanation:Asonewhosepurposeisthepursuitofhisownvirtuemayachieve it through painful efforts of self-denial, he mayachieveiteasilyandnaturallythroughcultivatinggenuineintereststowardtheoutsideworld.77Section3:DetailedReadingTranslation:人人们们需需要要的的并并不不是是自自我我克克制制，而而是是那那种种外外向向型型的的兴兴趣趣，后后者者能能产产生生自自发发

81、的的、不不做做作作的的行行为为。这这种种行行为为在在一一个个专专注注于于追追求求自自身身修修养养的的人人那那儿儿，是是只只有有依依靠靠有有意意识识的的自自我我克克制制才才能做到的。能做到的。78Section3:DetailedReadingThe moralist, however, is too apt, though this is not, ofcourse,universallytrue,tostresstheactratherthanthestateofmind.(Paragraph6)Paraphrase:Itisquiteoftenthecasethatthemoralistw

82、ouldplacemuchemphasis on what people should do, but care little aboutwhethertheydosuchthingspainfullyorhappily.Translation:不不过过，道道德德家家往往往往当当然然并并非非总总是是重重视视行行为为，而而轻轻视视心理状态。心理状态。79Section3:DetailedReadingTheeffectsofanactupontheagentwillbewidelydifferent,accordingtohisstateofmindatthemoment.(Paragraph6

83、)Paraphrase:Theeffectsanacthasonitsperformermaybeverydifferentaccording to the mood of the performer the moment heperformsit.Translation:其其实实，不不同同行行为为的的效效果果之之所所以以存存在在着着巨巨大大的的差差别别，乃乃是是因因为为行为者当时的心理状态不同。行为者当时的心理状态不同。80Section3:DetailedReadingbutitshouldundoubtedlybeofsuchanaturethatonesownhappinessisbo

84、undupinitssuccess.(Paragraph7)Paraphrase:Ifloveisashealthyandniceasitshouldbe,thenhappinessshouldundoubtedlybaseitselfupontherealization,ratherthanthedenial,oflove.Translation:然然而而，毫毫无无疑疑问问的的是是，爱爱应应该该具具有有这这种种性性质质，即即一一个个人人能能从从成功的爱情中获得幸福。成功的爱情中获得幸福。81Section3:DetailedReadingUndoubtedlyweshoulddesireth

85、ehappinessofthosewhomwelove,butnotasanalternativetoourown.(Paragraph7)Paraphrase:Nodoubt,itisavirtuethatweshouldwishthosewhomwelovehappiness,butitisutterlywrongtothinkthatourownhappinessisincompatiblewiththeirs,andtheformerwouldhavetobesacrificedinordertoachievethelatter.Translation:毋毋庸庸置置疑疑，我我们们应应该

86、该希希望望自自己己所所爱爱的的人人幸幸福福，但但不不应应该该用用它它取代我们自己的幸福。取代我们自己的幸福。82Section3:DetailedReadingAllunhappinessdependsuponsomekindofdisintegrationorlackofintegration;thereisdisintegrationwithintheselfthroughlackofcoordinationbetweentheconsciousandtheunconsciousmind;thereislackofintegrationbetweentheselfandsocietywhe

87、rethetwoarenotknittogetherbytheforceofobjectiveinterestsandaffections.(Paragraph7)Paraphrase:Unhappiness is in most cases a result of conflict withinoneself and separation between the self and the outsideworld, or conflict between care for the self and for socialconcerns.Suchlackofunityisduetothelac

88、kofoutwardinterestsandaffections.83Section3:DetailedReadingTranslation:所所有有的的不不幸幸都都基基于于某某种种分分裂裂或或不不和和谐谐：有有意意识识和和无无意意识识之之间间的的不不和和谐谐，导导致致自自我我的的分分裂裂；自自我我和和社社会会的的连连结结要要靠靠客客观观兴兴趣趣和和爱爱的的力力量量，一一旦旦缺缺乏乏这这种种力力量量，又又会会导导致致自自我我和和社社会会之之间的不和谐。间的不和谐。84Section3:DetailedReadingItisinsuchprofoundinstinctiveunionwithth

89、estreamoflifethatthegreatestjoyistobefound.(Paragraph7)Paraphrase:Ifoneistofindthegreatestjoyoflife,heshouldbreakthebondageofhisegoandnaturallyconsiderhimselfanequalandapartofallhumanbeingsinthestreamoflife.Translation:将将自自我我完完全全自自然然地地融融化化于于生生命命之之流流中中去去吧吧，美美妙妙无无穷穷的的幸幸福福在向你招手！在向你招手！85Section4:TextApp

90、reciationThe author avoids making anything complicated andintellectualized,buttakesanapproachbasedoncommonsense,bornofhisownexperienceandobservation,inverysimpleandlucidlanguage.Thesuccessinemployingverysimpleandlucidlanguagetopresenttheauthorsideasliesinsomespecifictricks,amongwhicharerepetition,ex

91、emplificationandanalogy.86Section4:TextAppreciationDiscussandanswerthefollowingquestions:1.Theimportantpointsofthearticleareemphasizedbywayofrepetition.Findoutthesentenceswithrepetitionandtelltheeffectstheyachieve.1)(Paragraph1)“It is thought by many, among whom I think we mustinclude Mr. Krutch, wh

92、om we considered in an earlierchapter,thathappinessisimpossiblewithoutacreedofamoreorlessreligiouskind.Itisthoughtbymanywhoarethemselves unhappy that their sorrows have complicatedandhighlyintellectualizedsources.”Inthissentence,“itisthoughtbymanythat”isrepeated.87Section4:TextAppreciation2)(Paragra

93、ph1)“Themanwhoisunhappywill,asarule,adoptanunhappycreed,whilethemanwhoishappywilladoptahappycreed;each may attribute his happiness or unhappiness to hisbeliefs,whiletherealcausationistheotherwayround”.Inthe first half of this sentence, not only such words as“unhappy”“happy”“adopt”“creed”arerepeated,

94、butthestructure“themanwhoiswilladoptcreed”isrepeatedas well. The repetition constitutes a contrast between thehappymanandtheunhappyman.Therepeatedstructureintroducesthepublicsviewoncausesofhappinessandunhappiness.88Section4:TextAppreciation3)(Paragraph1)“If,forexample,histroubleisduetoasenseofsin,co

95、nsciousorunconscious,hecanfirstpersuadehisconsciousmindthathehasnoreasontofeelsinful,andthenproceed,bythekindoftechniquethatwehaveconsideredinanearlierchapter,toplantthisrationalconvictioninhisactivity.Ifhesucceedsindispelling the sense of sin, it is probable that genuinelyobjectiveinterestswillaris

96、espontaneously.89Section4:TextAppreciationIf his trouble is self-pity, he can deal with it in the samemannerafterfirstpersuadinghimselfthatthereisnothingextraordinarilyunfortunateinhiscircumstances.Iffearishis trouble, let him practice exercises designed to givecourage.” In this sentence, “if” and “

97、his trouble” arerepeated,presentingwaystoovercomedifferenttroubles.90Section4:TextAppreciation2. Exemplificationis also employed in this article.Findout the sentences with examples and tell what they areintendedtoprove.1)“Doyousaytoyourselfinadvance,IshouldbehappyifIcouldbecomeabsorbedinstamp-collec

98、ting,andthereuponsettoworktocollectstamps,foritmaywellhappenthatyouwillfailaltogethertofindstamp-collectinginteresting.”(Paragraph5)(Anexampletoprovethatonlygenuineinterestscanbeofanyusetoyou.)91Section4:TextAppreciation2)“Ifyouseeachilddrowningandsaveitastheresultofadirectimpulsetobringhelp,youwill

99、emergenonetheworsemorally.If,ontheotherhand,yousaytoyourself,“Itisthepartofvirtuetosuccourthehelpless,andIwishtobeavirtuousman,thereforeImustsavethischild”,youwillbeanevenworsemanafterwardsthanyouwerebefore.”(Paragraph6)(Anexampletoshowthattheeffectsofanactupontheagentwillbewidelydifferent,according

100、tohisstateofmindatthemoment.)92Section4:TextAppreciation3) “If a man were to invite a lady to marry him on thegroundthatheardentlydesiredherhappinessandatthesame time considered that she would afford him idealopportunitiesofself-abnegation,Ithinkitmaybedoubtedwhethershewouldbealtogetherpleased.”(Par

101、agraph7)(Anexampletoshowthenatureofloveisthatonesownhappinessisboundupinitssuccess.)93Section4:TextAppreciation3.Analogyisalsooneofthetrickstheauthorusestomakehisotherwiseverydifficultideasvividandclear. Findoutthe sentences with analogy, and analyze their impliedmeanings.“But the thorns tear the wa

102、rm garment and the coldblastspenetratethroughtherents,andthemanwhohasbecomeaccustomedtoitswarmthsuffersfarmorefromtheseblaststhanthemanwhohashardenedhimselftothemfromthefirst.”(Paragraph1)Here,harshrealitiesarecomparedto“thethorns”and“thecoldblasts”,whichweareadvisedtogetmentallypreparedtofaceupto,i

103、fwewishtoavoidbeinghurtbyfortunesspite.94Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesLanguageWorkMini-LectureTranslation95Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesParaphraseVocabularyI.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.Itisthoughtbymany,amongwhomIthinkwemustinclude Mr. Krutch, whom we considered in

104、anearlierchapter,thathappinessisimpossiblewithoutacreedofamoreorlessreligiouskind.2.the man who is still unhappy is suffering fromsome psychological maladjustment which can inordinary cases be cured by the patient himself,providedhesets about thematterintherightway.asystemofprinciplesdealswithClozeP

105、roof-readingPhrases96Section5:ConsolidationActivities3. Moreover, those who deceive themselves generallyknowat bottomthattheyaredoingso,andliveinastateofapprehensionlestsomeuntowardeventshouldforceunwelcomerealizationsuponthem.4.Oneofthegreatdrawbackstoself-centeredpassionsisthattheyaffordsolittleva

106、rietyinlife.infact;unexpectedandunfortunateprovideParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading97Section5:ConsolidationActivities5.Tobetherecipientofaffectionisapotentcauseofhappiness, but the man who demands affection is not themanuponwhomitisbestowed.6. if he is to get outside it, it must be by ge

107、nuineinterests,notbysimulatedinterestsadoptedmerelyasamedicine.effective,powerful;give,presentpretended,feignedParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading98Section5:ConsolidationActivities7. Courage in war has been recognized from timeimmemorialasanimportantvirtue,andagreatpartofthetrainingofboysa

108、ndyoungmenhasbeendevotedtoproducingatypeofcharactercapableoffearlessnessinbattle.8.Thehappymanisthemanwhodoesnotsufferfromeither of these failures of unity, whose personality isneitherdividedagainstitselfnorpitted against theworld.since such an early time, beyond the limits ofrecordedhistorysetindir

109、ectoppositiontoParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading99Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesII.Chooseawordthatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences.1.It is generally agreed that large-scale inflation is a_fordisaster.A.consequence B.consanguinityC.recipe D.recipient2.Personsandcorporationsareeq

110、uivalent_underthelaw.A.entitiesB.antithesisC.entailmentsD.anti-tradesCAParaphraseVocabularyClozeProof-readingPhrases100Section5:ConsolidationActivities3.Theinternationalvolunteerscoulddolittleto_conditionsintherefugeecamp.A.elevate B.ameliorateC.aidD.succor4.Thedevelopersareplanningtousedynamiteto_a

111、wayrockstoputaroadin.A.dismantleB.disintegrateC.blanketD.blastBDParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading101Section5:ConsolidationActivities5.Aslongasyouallset_work,youshouldbeabletofinishitinafortnight.A.aboutB.downC.toD.off6.Themanufacturerwasforcedtoreturnthemoneytotheconsumersunderthe_oflaw.

112、A.coercionB.abnegationC.admonitionD.doctrineCAParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading102Section5:ConsolidationActivities7.Asherhusbandsairplanepulledawayfromtheterminal,Ruthsuddenlyfelt_.A.cranky B.disorientedC.dispelledD.forlorn8.Youmustfocusonsolvingtheproblemwithoutworryingabout_details.A.e

113、xtravagantB.extraneousC.immatureD.immemorialDBParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading103Section5:ConsolidationActivities9. It is inevitable for a culture to _ somethingimportedfromabroad.A.assimilateB.dissimulateC.simulateD.emulate10. Adolf is so _ in the kitchen that he doesntknowhowtoboilwat

114、er.A.inaptB.ineptC.impotentD.impoliticABParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading104Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:“Bearecipeforsth.”means“tomakeitextremelylikelythat something will happen”, which is suitable for thecontext. This sentence means “large-scale inflation willprobablycau

115、sedisaster”.Consequence:theresultsofsth.;consanguinity: relationship by birth in the same family;recipient:apersonwhoreceivessth.“Consequence”and“recipient”areoftenfollowedby“of”,and“consanguinity”by“to”.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading105Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:“Ent

116、ity”istherightwordhereforitmeans“onethatexistsindependently and has a clear identity of its own.” Theotherthreearenotsuitableforthecontext.Antithesis:theconditionofbeinginconflict;entailment:somethingthatisinferred(deducedorentailedorimplied);anti-trade:windsblowingfromwesttoeastandlyingabovethetrad

117、ewindsinthetropics.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading106Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:“Aid”,meaning“tohelpsb.”,and“succor”,meaning“togive help and sympathy to sb.” cannot be followed by“conditions”.“Ameliorate”,meaning“tomakesth.better”,is the best choice because it can coll

118、aborate with“conditions”. “Elevate” is similar to “ameliorate” but“elevate” is not proper here because it emphasizes theimprovementofthestatusorimportanceofsomethingorsomeone”.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading107Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:“Blanket”meaning“pletelywithathi

119、cklayer”isnotsuitableforthecontext.Theotherthreewordsall have the meaning of breaking apart something intopieces,but“dismantle”isoftenfollowedbyamachineorstructure, and “disintegrate” often takes “empire” or“organization”asitsobject.“Blast”whichmeans“tobreakapart(esp.rocks)usingexplosives”fitsthecon

120、textbest.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading108Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:“Setsth.down”means“towriteaboutsomethingsothatyouhavearecordofit”.“Setaboutsth.”means“tostartdoingordealingwithsomething”.“Setsth.off”means“tomake something start happening”. All the three phraseshav

121、etobefollowedbyanoun.“Beallsettodosth.”means“tobereadytodosomething”.Therefore,Cistherightchoice.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading109Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:“Coercion”isthebestchoicebecauseitrefersto“theforceorthepowertouseforceingainingcompliance,asbyagovernmentorpol

122、iceforce”.Theotherthreewordscannotcollaborate with “law”. “Abnegation”: the practice ofgivingupthingsthatyouwantorthatgiveyoupleasure.“Admonition”: a warning or criticism about someonesbehaviour. “Doctrine”: a set of principles or beliefs,especiallyreligiousones.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof

123、-reading110Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:“Forlorn” which means “having been given up and leftalone”suitsthecontextbestasRuthmusthavefeltverylonelyandmiserablewhenherhusbandsairplanetookoff.“Cranky”,meaning“bad-tempered”,“disoriented”,meaning“unabletofindthecorrectwayorplacetogo”,and “d

124、ispelled”, meaning “to be driven away” are notsuitableforthecontext.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading111Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:“Extraneous” which means “not relevantorpertinenttothesubject”fitsthecontext.Noneoftherestofthechoicescan be used to modify “details”. “Extr

125、avagant” means“exceeding a normal or reasonable limit”. “Immature”means “not fully developed or grown”. “Immemorial”refers to “that has existed for longer than people canremember”.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading112Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:“Assimilate”istherightwordhe

126、rebecauseitmeans“tomakeanidea,apersonsattitude,etc.fitintosomethingorbeacceptable”.Therestofthewordsarenotrelevanttothe context. Dissimulate: to hide your true feelings orintentions, especially by lying. Simulate: to pretend thatyouhaveaparticularfeeling.Emulate:totakeasamodelormakeconformtoamodel.P

127、araphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading113Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:“Antidote”,“Inapt”whichmeans“notrelevant,appropriate or useful” is not suitable for the contextbecauseitisoftenusedtomodifysuchwordsasremark,questionandsoon.“Impotent”,referringto“notcapableofaccomplishinganyt

128、hing”,and“impolitic”whichmeans“not wise” do not fit in the context, either. Therefore,“inept”,meaning“completelyunskillful”,isthebestchoice.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading114Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesIII.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithawordtakenfromtheboxinitsappropriateform.1.A

129、fter the coffee break the delegates returned to theconferencehallandtheplenarysession_asscheduled.2.Thevisitorswerefrightenedto_whenthedogbarkedattheminfrontofthegate.proceededflinchParaphraseVocabularyClozeProof-readingaffordimpulseprolongbestowinvariablepromiscuitycreedperpetualspectacleflinchproc

130、eedspontaneousPhrases115Section5:ConsolidationActivities5.TheParliamenthasrecentlypassedanumberoflawsthatbandiscriminationonthebasisofraceor_.6.Thehighestandbestformofefficiencyisthe_cooperationofafreepeople.7.Yogaisbelievedto_thetrainingoftheconsciousnessforastateofperfectspiritualinsightandtranqui

131、lity.8.Sheblushedwhenbeingtoldthatherfiancdranktoomuchandmadea_ofhimselfthenightbefore.spontaneousspectacleaffordParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze3.Colinsexcuseforhis_wasthatwomenwerepurposefullytothrowthemselvesinhisway.4.Lifewill_blessingsonthosewhohavekindnessandgratitudetooffer.spect

132、aclecreedpromiscuitybestow116Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:proceed: to move or go forward or onward, esp. afterstoppinge.g.Afterapausetherunnerproceeded.ParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze117Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:If you flinch, you make a small sudden mo

133、vement,especiallywhensomethingsurprisesyouorhurtsyou.e.g.Heflinchedatthesightoftheblood.ParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze118Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesClozeExplanation:promiscuity:havingmanysexualpartnerse.g.He has recently urged more toleranc

134、e of sexualpromiscuity.119Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-readingExplanation:Tobestowsth.onsb.meanstogiveorpresentittothem.e.g.Thetrophywasbestoweduponthewinner.120Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-readingExplanation:Acreedisa

135、religion.e.g.The centre is open to all, no matter what race orcreed.121Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:Spontaneous acts are not planned or arranged, but aredonebecausesomeonesuddenlywantstodothem.e.g.Ijoinedinthespontaneousapplause.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading122Section5

136、:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:Ifsomebodyorsomethingaffordsyouanopportunityorprotection,theygiveittoyou.e.g.Itwasacoldroom,butitaffordedafineviewoftheOldCity.ParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze123Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesExplanation:makeaspectacleofoneself:todosth.thatmakesyoul

137、ookstupidandattractsotherpeoplesattentione.g.I wasnt going to make a spectacle of myself bydancingwithmygrandma!ParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze124Section5:ConsolidationActivitieswithunderIV.Proof-reading.ParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze1.Explanation:“Serve under sb. or sth

138、.” means “to carry outones responsibility under the direction or in theemployment of someone”. Therefore, “with”shouldbechangedinto“under”.125Section5:ConsolidationActivities“Though” is used to introduce a subordinateclause which is opposite to the main clause. Thesubordinate clause of this sentence

139、 implies it isdifficult to get Russells custody because of hisfatherswill.Therefore,theideaofthemainclausemustbe:itisnotdifficultforRussellsgrandparentstooverturnRussellsfatherswilltogetbackRussellscustody.haddifficultylittle/noExplanation:2.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading126Section5:C

140、onsolidationActivitiesmathematicmathematics Explanation:“Mathematic” is an adjective. The conjunction“and”indicatesthatanoun,insteadofanadjective,isneededinthecontextand“mathematics”istheappropriateword.3.gocome Explanation:“Cometoanend”isacollocation.4.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading1

141、27Section5:ConsolidationActivities/being Explanation:Theword“convict”cannotbeusedinthecontinuoustense.Thus,“being”shouldberemoved.5.stillalsoExplanation:“Still”means“continuingtohappenorcontinuingto be done”. This sentence introduces anothermisfortuneinRussellslife,notthesameoneindicatedbythepreviou

142、ssentence.Therefore,“also”isabetterword.6.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading128Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesteacherteachingExplanation:“Teacher”cannotbeusedtomodify“appointment”. Thus, “teacher” should be changedinto“teaching”.7.fitunfitExplanation:The word “revoke” serves as a reminde

143、r. SinceRussells teaching appointment was revoked, thepublicprotestsandthejudicialdecisionmusthavestatedthathewasunfittoteachintheCollege.8.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading129Section5:ConsolidationActivitiessomewhatsomethingExplanation:“Besomethingofasth.”isusedtodescribeapersonorthingi

144、nawaythatispartlytruebutnotcompletelyorexactly.ThesentencemeansthattoacertainextentRussell became an inspiration to many idealisticyouths.9./thoseExplanation:“Those”isadeterminerusedtoaddinformationabout people or things just mentioned. In thesentence,“scientists”arenotmentionedpreviously,so“those”s

145、houldnotbeusedhere.10.ParaphraseVocabularyPhrasesClozeProof-reading130Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesV. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONEappropriateword.passions Explanation:This word fits the context, as “passion” ismentionedintheprevioussentence.The hint of this word occurs in the

146、next twosentences.Thethreesentencesareparalleltoeachother.1.2. becauseExplanation:ParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze131Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesforExplanation:Ifyousacrificesomethingforsomething,youwillinglystophavingsomethingyouwantordoingsomethingyoulikeinordertogetsomethingmorei

147、mportant.e.g.“Finally”isusedtointroducethelastreason,afterthefirsttworeasonshavebeenintroducedby“first”and“next”.3.4. finallyExplanation:ALabourgovernmentchosetosacrificedefenseforwelfare.ParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze132Section5:ConsolidationActivitiessoughtExplanation:This word fits

148、 the context and a hint of this wordoccursattheverybeginningoftheparagraph“Ihavesoughtlove”.5.At the very beginning the passage, the writerintroduceshisthreepassions,thelongingforlove,thesearch for knowledge, and unbearable pity for thesufferingofmankind.Itisclearthatheseeksthemwithequalpassion,soth

149、eword“equal”isproperinthecontext.6. equalExplanation:ParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze133Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesbut Explanation:It is obvious that a conjunction is needed in thecontext.Theauthorintendstoemphasizehehasonlyachieved a little knowledge, so “but” is appropriateforthe

150、context.7.ParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze134Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesbroughtExplanation:Ifyoubringsomebodybacktoreality,youhelpthisperson return to reality from a fantasy ordaydream.Thesubjectofthesentenceindicatesthetopicisthelifeofhumans.8.9. human Explanation:ParaphraseVocabu

151、laryProof-readingPhrasesCloze135Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesif Explanation:This sentence is in subjunctive mood. Thus, “if” isneededheretocompletetheconditionalclauseforthesubjunctivemood.10.ParaphraseVocabularyProof-readingPhrasesCloze136Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesLanguageWorkMini-LectureT

152、ranslationGap-fillingTask:I.NewspapersA.ReadingnewspaperisdifferentfromwatchingTV.1.foronethingdetailed(1)_ofnewitemssubstantialtreatmentofnewseventsinterestingandstimulatingopinionsanalysisoverimportanteventsathomeandabroadMassMediainAmericaAUDIOSCRIPTMass media specifically refer to those publicat

153、ions andprogramsthatattempttoservemostorallofthepeopleinagivenmarket.ThreegroupsofmassmediainAmericaarebrieflyintroduced.coverage137Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesLanguageWorkMini-LectureTranslation2.foranothernolimitationonthe(2)_ofreading.B.Newspapersarestillabigbusiness.1.factone:thelarge(3)_ofa

154、numberofimportantnewspaper2.facttwo:thegreatvarietyofnewspaperavailableII.MagazinesA.great(4)_B.widerangeoftopicsC.differenttargetedreaders:thewell-educated,well-informed,and(5)_peopleplacecirculationvarietypublic-consciousAUDIOSCRIPT138Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesLanguageWorkMini-LectureTransla

155、tionD.thetopthree:Readers Digest, TV Guide and The Conde Nast Select III.RadioandTelevisionA.radio1.afirst-classentertainmentmediumformostAmericans2.havinga(6)_futureB.television1.greatpopularityaftertheinventionof(7)_camerasandvideotaperecorders2.profoundimpactonsocietythesocializationeffectpromisi

156、ng/brightportableAUDIOSCRIPT139Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesLanguageWorkMini-LectureTranslation a(8)_amolderofnewofnewculturaltrendsandamolderofattitudestowardsthesenewtrendsrevolutionizedthe(9)_ofgoodstheenormousculturalimpactofTVviolentprogramstheimpactofTVon(10)_Tosumup,themassmediainAmericaha

157、s,toagreatextent,changedandwillstillkeeponchangingAmericanslife.religiontransmittermarketingAUDIOSCRIPT140Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.罗素的著作被誉为罗素的著作被誉为圣经圣经的现代替代品。他的小册子的现代替代品。他的小册子征征服幸福服幸福告诉人们怎样使生活幸福。他说，现在很多人，其中告诉人们怎样使生活幸福。他说，现在很多人，其中包括许多富人，由于错误的世界观、错误的伦

158、理观和错误的生包括许多富人，由于错误的世界观、错误的伦理观和错误的生活习惯，都感到不幸福。他认为，通往欢乐之路在于对事物具活习惯，都感到不幸福。他认为，通往欢乐之路在于对事物具有天然的热情和欲望，使自己的头脑接受别人的各种情绪，并有天然的热情和欲望，使自己的头脑接受别人的各种情绪，并且渐渐减少对自我的过分关注。明智的人会在环境允许下最大且渐渐减少对自我的过分关注。明智的人会在环境允许下最大限度地去获得幸福。另外，爱是非常重要的，因为爱是快乐的限度地去获得幸福。另外，爱是非常重要的，因为爱是快乐的源泉，爱的缺失是痛苦的根源。爱之所以受到珍视，因为它提源泉，爱的缺失是痛苦的根源。爱之所以受到珍视，

159、因为它提升一切最大的快乐，比如：欣赏音乐，登山观日，感受圆月当升一切最大的快乐，比如：欣赏音乐，登山观日，感受圆月当空大海的美。空大海的美。HINTSKEYLanguageWorkMini-LectureTranslation141Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesHINTSKEYLanguageWorkMini-LectureTranslation他还认为，幸福的秘诀在于：让你的兴趣尽可能的广泛，对自他还认为，幸福的秘诀在于：让你的兴趣尽可能的广泛，对自己所感兴趣的人和物尽可能地友善而不是敌对。他说，一个人己所感兴趣的人和物尽可能地友善而不是敌对。他说，一个人若

160、自发地、毫不费力地喜欢很多人，他往往是很幸福的。若自发地、毫不费力地喜欢很多人，他往往是很幸福的。142Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesKEY自发地自发地被誉为被誉为错误的错误的通往欢乐之路通往欢乐之路天然的热情天然的热情减少减少自我的过分关注自我的过分关注珍视珍视敌对敌对spontaneouslybeacclaimedasmistakenanaturalzest diminishpreoccupationwithselfORIGINALthegatewaystohappinessvaluehostileLanguageWorkMini-LectureTrans

161、lation143Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesRussellsworksareacclaimedasthemodernsubstitutefortheBible.HisbookletThe Conquest of Happinesstellspeoplehowtoliveahappylife.Hesaysthatnowadaysmanypeople,including a large number of rich people, feel unhappybecause of mistaken world views, mistaken ethics andm

162、istaken habits of life. He holds that the gateways tohappinessaretohaveanaturalzestandappetiteforpossiblethings,makeyourmindreceptivetothemoodsofothers,anddiminishyourpreoccupationwithself.Thewisemanwillbeashappyascircumstancespermit.ORIGINALHINTSLanguageWorkMini-LectureTranslation144Section5:Consol

163、idationActivitiesORIGINALHINTSLanguageWorkMini-LectureTranslationInaddition,loveisimportant,becauseloveisasourceofhappinessanditsabsenceisasourceofunhappiness.Loveistobevalued,becauseitenhancesallthebestpleasures,suchasmusic,andsunriseinmountainsandtheseaunderthefullmoon.Healsobelievesthatthesecreto

164、fhappinessistolet your interests be as wide as possible and let yourreactionstothethingsandpersonsthatinterestyou,beasfaraspossible,friendlyratherthanhostile.Hesaysthatifonelikesmanypeoplespontaneouslyandwithouteffort,heismostprobablyaveryhappyman.145Section5:ConsolidationActivitiesII.Translatethefo

165、llowingparagraphintoChinese.Theprimitiverootofthepleasureofparenthoodistwo-fold.Ontheonehandthereisthefeelingofpartofonesownbodyexternalized,prolongingitslifebeyondthedeathof the rest of ones body, and possibly in its turnexternalizing part of itself in the same fashion, and sosecuringtheimmortality

166、ofthegerm-plasm.Ontheotherhandthereisanintimateblendofpowerandtenderness.The new creature is helpless, and there is an impulse tosupplyitsneeds,animpulsewhichgratifiesnotonlytheparentslovetowardsthechild,butalsotheparentsdesireforpower.KEYLanguageWorkMini-LectureTranslation146Section5:ConsolidationA

167、ctivities为为人人父父母母之之幸幸福福有有两两个个最最初初根根源源。一一个个是是感感受受到到自自身身肉肉体体的的某某部部分分获获得得了了新新的的外外表表，这这使使得得自自己己的的生生命命能能在在肉肉体体的的其其他他部部分分销销蚀蚀之之后后延延续续下下去去，而而这这部部分分赋赋予予了了新新生生的的肉肉体体又又很很可可能能以以相相同同的的方方式式将将其其生生命命延延续续下下去去，这这样样就就确确保保了了血血脉脉的的永永生生。另另一一个个根根源源是是权权力力和和柔柔情情亲亲密密结结合合。新新生生的的孩孩子子孤孤立立无无助助，于于是是父父母母便便有有种种满满足足他他需需求求的的冲冲动动，这这种

168、种冲冲动动不不仅仅满满足足了了父父母母对对孩孩子子的的爱爱，也也满满足了父母的权力欲。足了父母的权力欲。ORIGINALLanguageWorkMini-LectureTranslation147Section6:FurtherEnhancementThePlaceofLoveinHumanLife Bertrand Russell1Theprevailingattitudeofmostcommunitiestowardsloveiscuriouslytwofold:ontheonehanditisthechiefthemeofpoetry,novelsandplays;ontheotherh

169、anditiscompletelyignoredbymostserioussociologists,andisnotconsideredasone of the desiderata in schemes of economic or politicalreform.Idonotthinkthisattitudejustifiable.Iregardloveasoneofthemostimportantthingsinhumanlife,andIregard any system as bad which interferes unnecessarilywithitsfreedevelopme

170、nt.TextIITextComprehension148Section6:FurtherEnhancement2Love,whenthewordisproperlyused,doesnotdenoteany and every relation between the sexes, but only oneinvolving considerable emotion, and a relation which ispsychologicalaswellasphysical.Itmayreachanydegreeofintensity. Suchemotionsasareexpressedin

171、“TristanandIsolde”.areinaccordancewiththeexperienceofcountlessmenandwomen.Thepowerofgivingartisticexpressiontotheemotionofloveisrare,buttheemotionitself,atleastinEurope,isnot.Itismuchcommonerinsomesocietiesthaninothers,andthisdepends,Ithink,notuponthenatureofthe people concerned but upon their conve

172、ntions andinstitutions.TextIITextComprehension149Section6:FurtherEnhancementIn China it is rare, and appears in history as acharacteristicofbademperorswhoaremisledbywickedconcubines; traditional Chinese culture objected to allstrong emotions and considered that a man should in allcircumstances prese

173、rve the empire of reason. In this itresembled the early eighteenth century. We, who havebehindustheromanticmovement,theFrenchRevolution,andtheGreatWar,areconsciousthatthepartofreasoninhumanlifeisnotsodominantaswashopedinthereignofQueenAnne.Andreasonitselfhasturnedtraitorincreatingthedoctrineofpsycho

174、analysis.TextIITextComprehension150Section6:FurtherEnhancementThethreemainextra-rationalactivitiesinmodernlifearereligion,warandlove;alltheseareextra-rational,butloveisnotanti-rational,thatistosay,areasonablemanmayreasonablyrejoiceinitsexistence.Forthereasonsthatwehaveconsideredinearlierchapters,the

175、reisinthemodernworldacertainantagonismbetweenreligionandlove.Idonotthinkthisantagonismisunavoidable;itisdueonlytothefactthattheChristianreligion,unlikesomeothers,isrootedinasceticism.3Inthemodernworld,however,lovehasanotherenemymoredangerousthanreligionandthatisthegospelofworkandeconomicsuccess.Text

176、IITextComprehension151Section6:FurtherEnhancementItisgenerallyheld,especiallyinAmerica,thatamanshouldnotallowlovetointerferewithhiscareer,andthatifhedoes,heissilly.Butinthisasinallhumanmatters,abalanceisnecessary.Itwouldbefoolish,thoughinsomecasesitmightbetragicallyheroic,tosacrificecareercompletely

177、forlove,butitisequallyfoolishand,innodegreeheroictosacrificelovecompletelyforcareer.Neverthelessthishappens,andhappensinevitably,inasocietyorganizedonthebasisofauniversalscrambleformoney.Considerthelifeofatypicalbusinessmanofthepresentday,especiallyinAmerica:fromthetimewhenheisfirstgrown-uphedevotes

178、allhisbestthoughtsandallhisbestenergiestofinancialsuccess;everythingelseismerelyunimportantrecreation._TextIITextComprehension152Section6:FurtherEnhancementInhisyouth,hesatisfieshisphysicalneedsfromtimetotimewithprostitutes;presentlyhemarries,buthisinterestsaretotallydifferentfromhiswifes,andhenever

179、becomesreallyintimatewithher.Hecomeshomelateandtiredfromtheoffice;hegetsupinthemorningbeforehiswifeisawake;hespendsSundayplayinggolf,becauseexerciseisnecessarytokeephimfitforthemoney-makingstruggle.Hiswifesinterestsappeartohimessentiallyfeminine,andwhileheapprovesofthem,hemakesnoattempttosharethem.H

180、ehasnotimeforillicitloveanymorethanforloveinmarriage,thoughhemay,ofcourse,occasionallyvisitaprostitutewhenheisawayfromhomeonbusiness._TextIITextComprehension153Section6:FurtherEnhancementHiswifeprobablyremainssexuallycoldtowardshim,whichisnottobewonderedat,sinceheneverhastimetowooher.Subconsciously,

181、heisdissatisfied,buthedoesnotknowwhy.Hedrownshisdissatisfactionmainlyinwork,butalsoinotherlessdesirableways,forexample,bythesadisticpleasuretobederivedfromwatchingprizefightsorpersecutingradicals.Hiswife,whoisequallyunsatisfied,findsanoutletinsecond-rateculture,andinupholdingvirtuebyharryingallthose

182、whoselivesaregenerousandfree.Inthiswaythelackofsexualsatisfactioninbothhusbandandwifeturnstohatredofmankinddisguisedaspublicspiritandahighmoralstandard._TextIITextComprehension154Section6:FurtherEnhancementThisunfortunatestateofaffairsislargelyduetoawrongconceptionofoursexualneeds.St.Paul,apparently

183、thoughtthattheonlythingneededinamarriagewasopportunityforsexualintercourse,andthisviewhasbeenonthewholeencouraged by the teaching of Christian moralists. Theirdislikeofsexhasblindedthemtoallthefineraspectsofthesexual life, with the result that those who have sufferedtheirteachinginyouthgoaboutthewor

184、ldblindtotheirown best potentialities. Love is something far more thandesireforsexualintercourse;itistheprincipalmeansofescape from the loneliness which afflicts most men andwomenthroughoutthegreaterpartoftheirlives.TextIITextComprehension155Section6:FurtherEnhancementThere is a deep-seated fear, in

185、 most people, of the coldworldandthepossiblecrueltyoftheherd;thereisalongingfor affection, which is often concealed by roughness,boorishnessorabullyingmannerinmen,andbynaggingandscoldinginwomen.Passionatemutuallovewhileitlastsputsanendtothisfeeling;itbreaksdownthehardwallsoftheego,producing anew bei

186、ngcomposed oftwo inone.Naturedidnotconstructhumanbeingstostandalone,sincetheycannotfulfillherbiologicalpurposeexceptwithofthehelp of another; and civilized people cannot fully satisfytheir sexual instinct without love. The instinct is notcompletely satisfied unless a mans whole being, mentalquiteasm

187、uchasphysical,entersintotherelation.TextIITextComprehension156Section6:FurtherEnhancementThosewho haveneverknown thedeepintimacyand theintensecompanionshipofhappymutuallovehavemissedthe best thing that life has to give; unconsciously, if notconsciously,theyfeelthis,andtheresultingdisappointmentincli

188、nesthemtowardsenvy,oppressionandcruelty.Togivedueplacetopassionateloveshouldbethereforeamatterwhich concerns the sociologist, since if they miss thisexperiencemenandwomencannotattaintheirfullstature,andcannotfeeltowardstherestoftheworldthatkindofgenerouswarmthwithoutwhichtheirsocialactivitiesarepret

189、tysuretobeharmful.TextIITextComprehension157Section6:FurtherEnhancement4Mostmenandwomen,givensuitableconditions,willfeelpassionate love at some period of their lives. For theinexperienced, however, it is very difficult to distinguishpassionatelovefrommeresexhunger;especiallyisthisthecasewithwell-bro

190、ught-upgirls,whohavebeentaughtthattheycouldnotpossiblyliketokissamanunlesstheylovedhim.Ifagirlisexpectedtobeavirginwhenshemarries,itwillveryoftenhappenthatsheistrappedbyatransientandtrivialsexattraction,whichawomanwithsexualexperiencecouldeasilydistinguishfromlove.Thishasundoubtedlybeenafrequentcaus

191、eofunhappymarriages.Evenwheremutualloveexists,itmaybepoisonedbythebeliefofoneorboth,thatitissinful.TextIITextComprehension158Section6:FurtherEnhancementThis belief may, of course, be well founded. Parnell, forexample,undoubtedlysinnedincommittingadultery,sincehetherebypostponedthefulfillmentofthehop

192、esofIrelandfor many years. But even where the sense of sin isunfounded, it will poison love just as much. If love is tobringallthegoodofwhichitiscapable,itmustbefree,generous,unrestrainedandwholehearted.TextIITextComprehension159Section6:FurtherEnhancement“Desiderata” is a Latin word that means anyt

193、hingdesired;thatofwhichthelackisfelt;awantgenerallyfeltandacknowledged.TextIITextComprehension160Section6:FurtherEnhancementA medieval romance based onCeltic legend. The hero TristangoestoIrelandtoaskthehandoftheprincessIsoldeforhisuncle,KingMarkofCornwall.Ontheirreturn,thetwomistakenlydrinka love p

194、otion prepared for thekingandfalldeeplyinlove.Aftermany adventures, they makepeace with Mark, who marriesIsolde.TextIITextComprehension161Section6:FurtherEnhancementThedistraughtTristangoestoBrittany,wherehemarriesanothernobleIsolde.Whenheiswoundedbyapoisonedarrow,hesendsforthefirstIsolde.Hisjealous

195、wifetellshimhistruelovehasrefusedtocome;hediesjustbeforeshearrives,andshediesinhisarms.TextIITextComprehension162Section6:FurtherEnhancementWorldWarIfrom1914to1918.TextIITextComprehension163Section6:FurtherEnhancementQueenAnne(16651714)wasthelast of the Stuart monarchs andthefirstsovereignofGreatBri

196、tain. During Annes reign,reasonwasadvocatedasameansto establishing an authoritativesystemofaesthetics,ethics,government, and even religion,whichwouldallowhumanbeingsto obtain objective truthaboutthewholeofreality.TextIITextComprehension164Section6:FurtherEnhancementAndironicallyitwastheemphasisonrea

197、sonthatbroughtabout the development of modern sciences, includingpsychiatrywhichmainlystudiestheirrationalpartofthehumansoul.TextIITextComprehension165Section6:FurtherEnhancementarationalmanmayquiteenjoyhappinessinlove.TextIITextComprehension166Section6:FurtherEnhancementAsceticismdescribesalifestyl

198、echaracterizedbyabstinencefrom various worldly pleasures, often with the aim ofpursuing religious and spiritual goals. Many religioustraditions include practices that involve restraint withrespecttoactionsofbody,speech,andmind.Thefoundersand earliest practitioners of these religions practicedascetic

199、ismasanaidinthepursuitofsalvationorliberation.TextIITextComprehension167Section6:FurtherEnhancementThebeliefthatworkandfortunearethepurposeoflife.TextIITextComprehension168Section6:FurtherEnhancementSt.PaulisthefirstsystematictheologianandwriteroftheChristian Church, and hasbeen the most influential

200、teacher in the history ofChristianity.He was theChristianChurchsapostletotheGentiles(Non-Jewish).TextIITextComprehension169Section6:FurtherEnhancementBecause of disappointment, they grow to be envious,oppressiveandcruel.TextIITextComprehension170Section6:FurtherEnhancementgrowtothefullestextentTextI

201、ITextComprehension171Section6:FurtherEnhancementCharlesStewartParnell(18461891) was an Irish politicalleader and one of the mostimportantfiguresin19thcenturyIreland and the UnitedKingdom,andtheleaderofthestruggleforIrishHomeRuleinthe late 19th century. In 1889,Parnellwasnamedascorrespondent in a div

202、orce suitbrought by one of Parnellscolleagues,CaptainOShea,againsthiswife,Katharine.TextIITextComprehension172Section6:FurtherEnhancementAdulterywasproved,thedivorcegranted(1890),andin1891,ParnellmarriedKatharine.Theepisoderuinedhispoliticalinfluence;hewasdenouncedbothbytheEnglishliberalsandbytheRom

203、anCatholichierarchyinIreland,and the Irish nationalists split into Parnellites and anti-Parnellites.Hiseffortstoreunitethepartyfailedandbrokehishealth.TextIITextComprehension173Section6:FurtherEnhancement1.MultipleChoiceAnswer the following questions by choosing the bestalternative.1) Different expr

204、essions of love in ancient China andEuropestemfrom _.A.differenteconomicbackgroundB.differentnatureofpeopleC.differentreligiousbeliefsD.differentattitudestoreasonD.differentattitudestoreasonTextIITextComprehension174Section6:FurtherEnhancement2)Accordingtotheauthor,peopleneedlovebecauseoftheir_.A.lo

205、ngingforself-fulfillmentB.speaksdesireforsexualsatisfactionC.deep-seatedlonelinessD.unrestrainedpassionC.deep-seatedlonelinessTextIITextComprehension175Section6:FurtherEnhancement3)Whichofthefollowingisnottheenemyoflove?A.ReligionB.Reason.C.Work.D.Senseofsin.B.Reason.TextIITextComprehension176Sectio

206、n6:FurtherEnhancement4) What is the advantage of a woman with sexualexperienceoveravirgin?A.Shecanmoreeasilytellsexualattractionfromlove.B.Shehasabetterchanceofhappymarriages.C.Shecanmoreeasilyattractmen.D.Shehasaweakersenseofsin.A.Shecanmoreeasilytellsexualattractionfromlove.TextIITextComprehension

207、177Section6:FurtherEnhancement5)Whatistheauthorspurposeofwritingthisarticle?A. To analyze different expressions of love in variouscultures.B.Tointroducethemainobstaclesinthedevelopmentoflove.C.Todistinguishpassionatelovefromsexualdesire.D.Toargueforthedueplaceofloveinsociology.B.Tointroducethemainob

208、staclesinthedevelopmentoflove.TextIITextComprehension178Section6:FurtherEnhancement2.TopicforDiscussion1)Theauthorarguesthat,inthemodernworld,lovehasanotherenemymoredangerousthanreligionandthatisthe gospel of work and economic success. In youropinion,howcanwebalancecareerandlove?Opentodiscussion.TextIITextComprehension179Section6:FurtherEnhancement2.TopicforDiscussion2)Doeslovenecessarilyleadtoahappymarriage?Ifnot,whatarethepotentialdangersoflovemarriages?Whatarepossiblefactorscontributingtosuccessfulmarriages?Opentodiscussion.TextIITextComprehension180个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论