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1、句句 子子 成成 分分Members of a Sentence一、重要性一、重要性学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。就能写出完整、正确的句子。* *句子成分由句子成分由词词或或词组词组充当充当英英语语的的基基本本成成分分有有七七种种：_和和_主主语语（subjectsubject）、）、谓语谓语（predicatepredicate）、）、表表语语（predi
2、cativepredicative）、）、 宾语宾语（objectobject）、）、定定语语（attributeattribute）、）、状状语语(adverbial)(adverbial)补语补语（complementcomplement）。）。主语主语-动作的执行者或句子谈论的对象动作的执行者或句子谈论的对象 lunderline the subjects of each sentence. Walls have ears. He likes football. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is
3、harmful to our health. Whether they will come or not depends on the weather.名词名词代词代词数词数词to do不定式不定式doing动名词动名词句子句子(主语从句主语从句)l谓语谓语由由_担任。担任。助动词或助动词或情态动词情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。成谓语动词。 Tom loves Chinese culture. Action speaks louder than words. Our school is very beautiful. The chance may neve
4、r come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 2008. 动词动词/动词短语动词短语l谓语谓语-说明主语说明主语“干什么干什么”“是什么是什么”（四）宾语（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在者。宾语一般放在_之后。之后。_词词后也会跟宾语。后也会跟宾语。lFather bought me a book.l I love you. lDo you mind opening the window? l Give me four please. l He wants to dre
5、am a nice dream. l We need know what others are doing. l Chuck realized that he was wrong. 动词（短语）动词（短语）介词介词名词名词 n代词代词 pron动名词动名词代词和数词代词和数词to do不定式不定式句子句子 (宾语从句宾语从句)lMy father is a professor. lWhos that? Its me. lYou are beautiful. lThe match became very exciting. lThree times five is fifteen.lTo see
6、 is to believe. lMy advice was that you should go lhome first . 三）表语三）表语 它的位置在它的位置在_之后。之后。是用来说明主语的是用来说明主语的_,_, _的的.系动词、连系动词系动词、连系动词性质性质特征特征状态状态名词名词 n代词代词 pron形容词形容词 adjadj数词数词to do不定式不定式句子句子(表语从句表语从句)表语表语-表明主语表明主语“是什么是什么”或或“怎怎么样么样”（五）定语（五）定语 是修饰是修饰_ 词词.单词作定语时通常单词作定语时通常放在名词之放在名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它；短语和从句
7、作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之所修饰的名词之_。lThey are woman workers. lToms father is a teacher. lMary is a beautiful girl. lChina is a developing country. lI have nothing to eat. lThe man who helps us is our new teacher.名名/代代前前后后 名词名词名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词 adj现在分词现在分词 doingto do 不定式不定式从句从句 (定语从句定语从句)六）状语六）状语 表示行为发生的地点、时间、原因、
8、表示行为发生的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、伴随情况等。目的、结果、条件、方式、伴随情况等。l we have lessons in the classroom. l I tell him this yesterday. l Im late because of the heavy rain .l We come here to learn English. l The parents died in the earthquake , leaving the child alone.l The students came into the classroom, singing an
9、d dancing.l If he goes, so will I . l Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地点地点 时间状语时间状语原因原因 目的目的结果状语结果状语伴随伴随条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语七）补足语。七）补足语。英语有些句子，有了主谓宾之外，英语有些句子，有了主谓宾之外，还要加上（主语）宾语补足语，才能使句子的还要加上（主语）宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。意义完整。lWe call this computer. l We try to make our country strong. lWe found it usefullI
10、 saw him going upstairs. lHe was named Jack by his father. 主语补足语主语补足语主语主语-动作的执行者或句子谈论的对象动作的执行者或句子谈论的对象 l谓语谓语-说明主语说明主语“干什么干什么”“是什么是什么”宾语宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。一表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。一般放在动词般放在动词/介词之后介词之后 （动宾（动宾/介宾）介宾）表语表语-表明主语表明主语“是什么是什么”或或“怎怎么样么样”定语定语-用来修饰名词多数有用来修饰名词多数有adj./n 充当。充当。 的的状语状语 表示行为发生的地点、时间、原因、目表示行
11、为发生的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、伴随情况等。的、结果、条件、方式、伴随情况等。补足语补足语-用来补充说明（主语）宾语是什么，用来补充说明（主语）宾语是什么，怎么样怎么样划分下列句子的成分划分下列句子的成分 1) Father told me an funny story last night.2) Peter send me a card through the computer3)That was a wonderful film.4)I find it hard to work out this problem.5)Lets make it a rule to read
12、English everyday.6)He was named Jack by his father.7) You cant leave unless you finish your homework.二二.五种简单基本句型五种简单基本句型l主主+谓谓+宾宾l主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾l主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补动词动词系动词系动词不及物动词不及物动词及物及物动词动词主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓1）I am a student. 主主 系系 表语表语2）The city will become rich. 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语3) The food tastes nice4) T
13、he old house stay the same.5) He turned out to be a thief.1主主 + 系系+ 表表l在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：在这类结构中最常用的系动词是： “变化变化”类：类：_ “感官感官”类类: _. “持续持续”类：类：_. 其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _ (证明是证明是)_get/ become/ turn/grow/gotaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundstay/ keep/remainSeem appear主语主语+turn out/ prove (to be)+adj./n Exercisesl你的故事听
14、起来很有趣。_l把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_.l这种雨天将会持续几天。_.l这个计划证明是可行的。_Your story sounds very interesting.Put the fish into fridge, or they will go bad.The rainy day will remain/stay/ keep a few days.The plan turned out（to be) practical.2主语主语 + 谓语谓语1）the sun rises. 主 谓2）The train leaves at 7:40. 主 谓l_搭配：The teacher t
15、eaches well. The child walks very slowly.l_搭配： The girl looked at the picture. The children ran to the forest.动词副动词副词词动词动词介词介词l我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。上。l小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴. _l_.Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.The
16、 birds sings happily in the tree, the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself.3主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语1）Tom loves Chinese culture. 主主 谓谓 宾宾 2) My brother sells computer.3）Few students like taking exams.4）He forgot to close the door.5）I hope I can speak English fluently. l他昨天买了五本书。他昨天买了五本书。
17、_l他拿出一支笔，然后递给我。他拿出一支笔，然后递给我。_.l他许诺给我一个礼物。他许诺给我一个礼物。_.He bought five books yesterday.He took out a pen and handed it to me.He promised to give me a gift.4主主 + 谓谓 + 间宾间宾(人人) + 直宾（物）直宾（物）1）He has given us some advice. 主主 谓谓 间宾间宾 直宾直宾2）Mother cooked us a nice meal. 主主 谓谓 间宾间宾 直直 宾宾 3）The boy told the gi
18、rl that he was right. 4) Tony sent me an e-mail.可接双宾语的常见动词有：可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise give sb. sth. =give sth to sb. l顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_.l父亲给我讲了歌有趣的故事。父亲给我讲了歌有趣的故事。_.lMr. White告诉我为什么他要出国。告诉我为什么他要出国。_l_.l递给我字典递给我字典By the way, has
19、she paid you money?Father told me an interesting story.Mr. White told me why he went abroad.Pass me the dictionary, please.5主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补1）I find English difficult to learn. 主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾语补足语宾语补足语 2）The teacher keep him in the classroom. 3）We found him an honest guy.4）She let me stay in the company.5) We elected him our monitor.l我发现手机很有用。我发现手机很有用。_l我建议他多读点书。我建议他多读点书。_l 我听见她唱歌。我听见她唱歌。_l我们选他当队长。我们选他当队长。_l我觉得学好英语很有必要我觉得学好英语很有必要.I found the cellphone very usefulI advice him to read more books.I heard her singing.We made him captain.I think it necessary to learn English well.
