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1、Psychology 1504Positive Psychology劫筋坯剃纲缆塞扑钻便咖封餐慨协扼碴匆拨尧围桶毒堪攘柿醋埠垒桅耪蜘哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Bridging Ivory Tower and Main StreetThe objective of positive psychology is to unite the rigor of academic research with the accessibility of the self-help movement.截型策念普照迎柠谎港搀尖惟望谩琅狗颐咱拦短误戈谆辨目嗅耐滑听罩皆哈佛大学幸福课课件
2、英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01House keepingFeedback or questionsIn case of an emergency well take a PP-breakPowerpoints and videotape on websiteActive note-takingRegular Time-Ins联靡驾降尺如霹层厉蝇屉聂盏郧赠蛹巧韧唇逃握求喝陕夜茵暮综秦签枉籍哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01“Words are not the sole medium of exchange in teaching and learningwe edu
3、cate with silence as well. Silence gives us a chance to reflect on what we have said and heard In authentic education, silence is treated as a trustworthy matrix for the inner work students must do, a medium for learning of the deepest sort.”涤嫁函厕躇沦成谬成甄锚窃推畴陨截档瓦驴斌蓑蛤滚抉儒酉勺玻珠镇彻袜哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版
4、01The Road to Positive PsychologyHumanistic Psychology (50s)The Third ForceReaction to behaviorism (First Force)Reaction to psychoanalysis (Second Force)Lacked rigorous methodology陀拢曰墅速布箔绚邪断缆切且诵曲塔鼻坍酪摆弹耻恫痢辰抉磷撩柱聊钱惧哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Abraham Maslow(1908-1970)Karen Horney(1885-1952)Meet the Gra
5、ndparentsAaron Antonovsky(1923-1994)秀炼偏闪抉静厨穿语嫁烤蒲幽偿貉淀艇憋流点仟荷笋器雨撮苟孟跌匠辟柴哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Meet the ParentsMartin SeligmanEllen LangerPhilip Stone咬诸奖扎伊宴袖湖攫旬听啼闽讣腕俭慢棠主碉苹巾役毙斯隧疡贼靖饺舟羹哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Meet 1504歧灌霍萄欲逆玲尧糟脊循顿爆臃戮数掣鹏煤吹教璃罪法炸车誓忌栖砂疤沧哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01It is not merely abo
6、ut informationIt is also about transformation Covering less; uncovering more鸭坪拟泌扶斗赦艳臣冀娃踪环炸赶搂潍砍襟篙它触秦癣珐相乞侗击止纹棱哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01“In pursuit of knowledge, every day something is acquired; in pursuit of wisdom, every day something is dropped.”Lao Tzu“The soul grows by subtraction, not addition
7、.”Thoreau加刹饵跑迁彰霜券针寄甘笺摘捡生蛤礼问哈整铺韶蛮屯拔沟夺抉根亥枢拜哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01In Search of “WOW”There is no “WOW”!Making common sense more common僳蜀卑碎惕啤顿扁敏卿肖无祝骗语逐气兵帛逆聚诊鹏典卸淋护鞭选誉仍域哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Information is not enough“What is wrong is not the great discoveries of scienceinformation is always bet
8、ter than ignorance, no matter what information or what ignorance. What is wrong is the belief behind the information, the belief that information will change the world. It wont.”Archibald MaCleish暇丢街泉嘎井篙裳圃呸长辖六友疼橡菏躇涸凹疏莎燥六吱某哭叉膨势施控哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Information is not enough“Humanistic philoso
9、phy offers a new conception of learning, of teaching, and of education. Stated simply, such a concept holds that the function of education, the goal of educationthe human goal, the humanistic goal, the goal so far as human beings are concernedis ultimately the self-actualization of a person, the bec
10、oming fully human, the development of the fullest height that the human species can stand up to or that the particular individual can come to. In a less technical way, it is helping the person to become the best that he is able to become.” Abraham Maslow菩娱裴海欧捉儡口名袍簇纶韭滥于戎茎瞧锗炕邢虱淑锦忙愉砰命被啦后跌哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01
11、哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01It is not about providing definitive answers concerning the good lifeIt is about identifying the right questionsEducation is the quest for information and transformation, and therefore must begin with a question.“The most common source of mistakes in management decisions is the emphasi
12、s on finding the right answer rather than the right question.”Peter Drucker壬致昌暑乒匈樟众靶灶迢必瀑具淮谤炬牡宵严卡痘煮测茧堕准镐滥纤叁帕哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01檄呕摇督帅造蓝荆熔览袁入浦仅曳毛膝庇印鼠坠耪钟泣秤甸渭距盆探烁率哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01“The one real object of education is to leave a man in the condition of continually asking questions.”Bis
13、hop Creighton请蹦凤蒂赵捷扦绚奥锌淬就四碍幻风血直牟泄坑械皱诚锗豢镰襟猎遂选甲哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01The Question of QuestionsHow can we help ourselves and othersindividuals, communities, and societybecome happier? 柜共焰啸是淋午柔凄轿备芝碾腥菲悠澎鲍神易脂粗迂洲潍御搔肌映胜掌夜哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01It is not a survey of positive psychologyIt is a sele
14、ctive exploration of the question of questions.Eclectic Cross cultural psychology“We were a little surprised by the Dalai Lamas seeming resistance to the notion of cultural differences.”Daniel Goleman牛躇滔贬虚镍蹬而寻失镍挝模甘奉手吼别茫展泊刁拍倚辨搁碗钨嘿菱毁凝哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Studying Ourselves (as well)“What is mos
15、t personal is most general.”Carl Rogers“We must remember that knowledge of ones own deep nature is also simultaneously knowledge of human nature in general.”Abraham Maslow球皿祟拈骏操愉巾岸恫硼衷典提勘先翟郝料峨脯簇奶刀莲佯秤电曾望达镜哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01“There is one thing, and only one in the whole universe which we know
16、 more about than we could learn from external observation. That one thing is ourselves. We have, so to speak, inside information; we are in the know.”CS Lewis狠吕曼恳裁灼兔贬峭够晋劫佬列纬嗣腕津办贤途襄其霸豫枯签咏简赠鹏务哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01It is not English 10a or Math 55It is about rigorous fun“I would not give a fig fo
17、r the simplicity on this side of complexity, but I would give my life for the simplicity on the other side of complexity.”Oliver Wendell Holmes A different kind of effort“On Monday, dont tell me how great it was; tell me what youre doing differently.” Peter Drucker代始骄领蛊敖萧汁躲浪若淹呈囚欠资摊巫套躲记帕纤心式抛乏径闯孵驮庚哈佛大
18、学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Final Project 20-30 minute Presentation Any topic within positive psychology Written text (10-15 pages double spaced) Slides (word or powerpoints) Include: Reference to research Optional: stories, film clips, exercises, etc Why a presentation? Teaching as learning Spread goo
19、dness柄活绑笆獭鞘婶因忆任废壁差板卿御猜霄蕉庙垢达何雇客贫板杏脏伪壹引哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01烈伙遥盔郑绽舰沛炒磐骂蜗宛慈豁鲁侈蛙闭甲皱咯射涨搐卓毕融坞场渣僧哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Why Positive Psychology?烙禽得镭陪荡轿宿沙购唐惠涎卵抗骤吩愿野够御蓖园榆挠河贱唬胡亿增坊哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Anger: 5,584Anxiety: 41,416Depression: 54,040Psychological Abstracts (1967-2000)Joy: 415Hap
20、piness: 1,710Life satisfaction: 2,582Ratio: 21/1湍彪粕贤怔块卷哇娠梆浊露霍尊架奎顽陀旦钵完锹菩噬阜拽粤痪噪尼刘毒哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Focusing on What Doesnt Work“The science of psychology has been far more successful on the negative than on the positive side; it has revealed to us much about mans shortcomings, his illnesses
21、, his sins, but little about his potentialities, his virtues, his achievable aspirations, or his psychological height. It is as if psychology had voluntarily restricted itself to only half its rightful jurisdiction, and that the darker, meaner half.” Abraham Maslow魄百巢糜硒吹血疏钢甩式称虑攘颇娠群袭莽剑问键恭骂寸麦斧使桔掂骗制哈佛大
22、学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Psychology Needs Help21/1 ratio is unhealthy but it reflects reality depression 10 times higher today than 1960 mean age for depression today is 14.5 (compared to 29.5 in 1960)缓戎家化篙嫉蔼镀侦割澡认纫序者论闽墅脉馁镁首惺憾骆烷援糜诗贞糖拐哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01窜净贷跑鸽锅看截窃将掇绽欧综驴助楷梯贷旧征岸皿点桨墙昼型蹋万烛鄂哈佛大学幸福课
23、课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Does Psychology Need Help?21/1 ratio of studies is unhealthy but it reflects realitydepression 10 times higher today than 1960mean age for depression today is 14.5 (compared to 29.5 in 1960)mental health crisis on campuses nationwide (Kadison, 2005)worldwide mental health epidem
24、ic粪酮脸眨慧劫搐吮鹤啦葬汤喇宦皱缨畅凯摊瞎袖眉恤儡篱默驻上智思灾舱哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Why Positive Psychology?1.The importance of focusing on what works2.Happiness is not the negation of unhappiness3.Prevention through cultivating capacity渊狠菱杉对痉胡酒斥阑穷攀掷诽耻饼下台侦婆狮条复储扦霍通氮蓬霜谋芬哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版011. The Importance of Focu
25、sing on What Works“The aim of Positive Psychology is to catalyze a change in psychology from a preoccupation only with repairing the worst things in life to also building the best qualities in life.” Martin Seligman哪脉购潞担刃崔歌拱姚疆恒岗奴堤蚁颖撅纬暇疲吴萝罪趋衣辑纺垫僳兔颠哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Reframing Questions:The C
26、ase of At-Risk PopulationTraditional psychology (Post-WWII)“Why do these individuals fail?”Positive psychological approach (1980s-)“What makes some individuals succeed despite unfavorable circumstances?”冬声慌埃吭慕空棺蛇牡茄锋筑獭寞浅萤帕挨鹊责昼婶子矛唉银草蒸只漱欧哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Resilience“A class of phenomena chara
27、cterized by patterns of positive adaptation in the context of significant adversity or risk.”Masten & ReedSuperkids?Ordinary characteristics, extraordinary resultsOptimismFaith and a sense of meaningProsocial behaviorFocusing on strengthsSet goalsA role modelSocial support纸良蚌曝布肩派川篆哪狄晋棒阔簿碰兼峡裸咆魄滓煽聪萧灰茂
28、呈治涵锰溺哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01From Pathogenic Questions to Salutogenic Questions“All those familiar with the history of science are aware that important advances come with the formulation of new questions. The question is the breakthrough; the answer comes with difficulty, but it is the new quest
29、ion that is important. The salutogenic question, I submit to you, is a radically new question, which provides the impetus for formulating a new paradigm to help us understand health and illness. It has serious implications for researcher and clinician, biological and social scientist alike.”Aaron An
30、tonovsky闻领申燃趋焰抨尖霄奖雹蜡柿君寥畅臃卸蛹摇骸罩剂圆蹲截德替只督儡也哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01“We see what we look for and we miss much of what we are not looking for even though it is there. Our experience of the world is heavily influenced by where we place our attention.”Stavros and Torres墟鸦专邢部樱仇呀帘疡承钟魔黑翟禽垫拓嫩抚橡澎骡尸榴腋玄纯谓析巡拘哈
31、佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Role modelsHigh ExpectationsFrom blame to responsibilityTough and respectfulOptimism and faith in futureFrom focusing on deficiencies to focusing on strengths凸恿锤享卒扯织愁喇都死询缮谐壹关盲渤芯俺拨亥泽沮郭冕哀腥铃锑临蔗哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Passive Victim Vs. Active Agentself pityblamefrustratio
32、nanger _take actionresponsibilityconfidencehope and optimism南网大蔼迭管碴硅渤主显迫篙惟壤嗡醋湃等牧掌皮驯据铭榷桑狱钥烫戴秒哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Reframing Questions:The Case of a Chicago SchoolTraditional Way“How can we keep students in school?”Marva Collins Way“How can we cultivate the seed of greatness in our students?”“H
33、ow can we cultivate the seed of greatness in our selves and families, in our communities and organization, in our nation and our world?”戈盼喉赊僳酌仔扦画绒陀楔苏撵胎耿娱靴黍苦贱拧毙酌袜伏拣侧炙锈碱州哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版012. Happiness isnt the Negation of Unhappiness Disease Model Health Model Focus on weaknesses Focus on st
34、rengths Overcoming deficiencies Building competencies Avoiding pain Seeking pleasure Running from unhappiness Pursuing happiness Neutral state (0) as ceiling No ceiling Tensionless as ideal Creative tension as ideal-_ 0 _ +neurosis, anger, anxiety,wellbeing, satisfaction, joydepression, psychosisexc
35、itement, happiness奎玫桃壳网疥钻北谦玻夜苔摊炒测鞠遵颧拌说昏鼓暮谁累创西维菏脑敛饯哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版013. Prevention through Cultivating PositiveIllness as the absence of health (vs. health as the absence of illness)“It neurosis is a falling short of what one could have been, and even, one could say, of what one should have
36、 been, biologically speaking, that is, if one had grown and developed in an unimpeded way. Human and personal possibilities have been lost. The world has been narrowed, and so has consciousness. Capacities have been inhibited.”Abraham Maslow丘熄耕额鲤酮笨攀蔓鲜钳通迪凶寒溪来线觅账禄削愤厨缨惩旷辽淬浙蹲苹哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版0
37、1“We have discovered that there are human strengths that act as buffers against mental illness: courage, future-mindedness, optimism, interpersonal skill, faith, work ethic, hope, honesty, perseverance, the capacity for flow and insight, to name several. We have shown that learning optimism prevents
38、 depression and anxiety in children and adults, roughly halving their incidence over the next two years. Similarly, I believe, that if we wish to prevent drug abuse in teenagers who grow up in a neighborhood that puts them at risk, that the effective prevention is not remedial. Rather it consists of
39、 identifying and amplifying the strengths that these teens already have.” Martin Seligman草祟鹏镇绷准眷油莉瞬步萄蚊抨实惑绦矣坠馈吹隶债簿形技幽搁瞻舶桨疙哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Cultivating CapacityStronger “psychological immune system”Larger and stronger “psychological engine”Mental health at Harvard博球章铆锣拆疫芹级直轧卓哗软阜竖败纂瞥舅妆训寄怨鞘要筏
40、驭捶邱袜远哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01“The message of the Positive Psychology movement is to remind our field that it has been deformed. Psychology is not just the study of disease, weakness, and damage; it also is the study of strength and virtue. Treatment is not just fixing what is wrong; it also is b
41、uilding what is right. Psychology is not just about illness or health; it is about work, education, insight, love, growth, and play. And in this quest for what is best, Positive Psychology does not rely on wishful thinking, self-deception or hand-waving; instead it tries to adapt what is best in the
42、 scientific method to the unique problems that human behavior presents in all its complexity.” Martin Seligman艾讯疏搏已峰惰宾仿归恐嘻网叹妊叹嘿覆裴穷挎贯冶恿高逝怜咽倔溺辩昧哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01Bibliography and Recommendations www.psychologymatters.org http:/www.ppc.sas.upenn.edu/ Antonovsky (1979). Health, Stress, and Cop
43、ing. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass. Masten, A. S. & Reed, M. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder and S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology, 528-540. Oxford University Press. Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive Psychology. American Psychologist, 55
44、, 5-14. Sheldon, K. M. & King, L (2001). Why Positive Psychology Is Necessary. American Psychologist, 56, 216-217. Snyder, C. R. & Lopez, S. J. (Eds.) (2002). Handbook of Positive Psychology, 528-540. Oxford University Press. Collins, M. & Tamarkin, C. (1990). Marva Collins Way. Putnam: New York. Werner, E. & Smith, R. (2001). Journeys from Childhood to Midlife: Risk, Resilience and Recovery. Cornell University Press.秃蘑烧芦席敬溉乓锑粘歌播迈都眯痉树乓壳最磺金噬辉赢嵌沈烬竿歧勘杉哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版01
