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1、介绍介绍Frederick Douglass（弗里德里克（弗里德里克道格拉斯）道格拉斯） 08级英本三班级英本三班 27号号 段海洋段海洋2021/6/161What is possible for me is possible for you. - Frederick Douglass 2021/6/1622021/6/163 Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, circa 1818 February 20, 1895) an American abolitionist, womens suffragi
2、st(妇女政权论妇女政权论者者), editor, orator, author, statesman, minister and reformer. 2021/6/164 Birth of Douglass - February Birth of Douglass - February 1818 1818 Place - Place - Holmes Hill FarmHolmes Hill Farm, near , near the town of Easton on the town of Easton on Marylands Eastern ShoreMarylands Easter
3、n ShoreMother - Mother - Harriet BaileyHarriet Bailey, who , who worked in the cornfields worked in the cornfields surrounding Holmes Hillsurrounding Holmes HillFather A White man , who Father A White man , who was rumored to be Aaron was rumored to be Aaron AnthonyAnthony2021/6/165Douglass married
4、Anna Murray on September 4, 1838.He also has a brother Lewis Douglass 2021/6/166 As Douglass learned and began to read newspapers, political materials, and books of every description, he was exposed to a new realm of thought that led him to question and then condemn the institution of slavery. 2021/
5、6/167 When Douglass was hired out to William Freeland, he taught other slaves on the plantation to read the New Testament at a weekly Sunday school. As word spread, the interest among slaves in learning to read was so great that in any week, more than 40 slaves would attend lessons. 2021/6/168 Grave
6、stone of Frederick Douglass located in Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, New YorkOn February 20, 1895, Douglass attended a meeting of the National Council of Women in Washington, D.C. During that meeting, he was brought to the platform and given a standing ovation by the audience. Shortly after he ret
7、urned home, Frederick Douglass died of a massive heart attack or stroke in Washington, D.C. He was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery in Rochester, New York. 2021/6/1692021/6/16102021/6/16112021/6/16122021/6/1613 Douglass first unsuccessfully tried to escape from Freeland, who had hired him out from his
8、owner Colonel Lloyd. In 1836, he tried to escape from his new owner Covey, but failed again. On September 3, 1838, Douglass successfully escaped by boarding a train to Havre de Grace, Maryland. Dressed in a sailors uniform, he carried identification papers provided by a free black seaman. He crossed
9、 the Susquehanna River by ferry at Havre de Grace, then continued by train to Wilmington, Delaware. From there he went by steamboat to Quaker City (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and continued to New York; the whole journey took less than 24 hours. From slavery to freedom2021/6/1614Frederick Douglass l
10、ater wrote of his arrival in New York City:I have often been asked, how I felt when first I found myself on free soil. And my readers may share the same curiosity. There is scarcely anything in my experience about which I could not give a more satisfactory answer. A new world had opened upon me. If
11、life is more than breath, and the quick round of blood, I lived more in one day than in a year of my slave life. 2021/6/1615It was a time of joyous excitement which words can but tamely describe. In a letter written to a friend soon after reaching New York, I said: I felt as one might feel upon esca
12、pe from a den of hungry lions. Anguish and grief, like darkness and rain, may be depicted; but gladness and joy, like the rainbow, defy the skill of pen or pencil.It was a time of joyous excitement which words can but tamely describe. In a letter written to a friend soon after reaching New York, I s
13、aid: I felt as one might feel upon escape from a den of hungry lions. Anguish and grief, like darkness and rain, may be depicted; but gladness and joy, like the rainbow, defy the skill of pen or pencil.2021/6/1616Abolitionist activitiesDouglass continued traveling up to Massachusetts. There he joine
14、d various organizations in New Bedford, including a black church, and regularly attended abolitionist meetings. He subscribed to William Lloyd Garrisons weekly journal The Liberator, and in 1841 heard Garrison speak at a meeting of the Bristol Anti-Slavery Society. At one of these meetings, Douglass
15、 was unexpectedly asked to speak.2021/6/1617 After he told his story, he was encouraged to become an anti-slavery lecturer. Douglass was inspired by Garrison and later stated that no face and form ever impressed me with such sentiments of the hatred of slavery as did those of William Lloyd Garrison.
16、 Garrison was likewise impressed with Douglass and wrote of him in The Liberator. 2021/6/1618 Several days later, Douglass delivered his first speech at the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Societys annual convention in Nantucket. Then 23 years old, Douglass conquered his nervousness and gave an eloquent
17、speech about his rough life as a slave.2021/6/1619 In 1843, Douglass participated in the American Anti-Slavery Societys Hundred Conventions project, a six-month tour of meeting halls throughout the Eastern and Midwestern United States. He participated in the Seneca Falls Convention, the birthplace o
18、f the American feminist movement, and signed its Declaration of Sentiments.2021/6/1620Autobiography Douglass best-known work is his first autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, published in 1845. At the time, some skeptics attacked the book and questioned wheth
19、er a black man could have produced such an eloquent piece of literature. The book received generally positive reviews and it became an immediate bestseller. Within three years of its publication, the autobiography had been reprinted nine times with 11,000 copies circulating in the United States; it
20、was also translated into French and Dutch and published in Europe.2021/6/1621 The books success had an unfortunate side effect in making him a public figure. Douglass friends and mentors feared that the publicity would draw the attention of his ex-owner, Hugh Auld, who might try to get his property
21、back. They encouraged Douglass to tour Ireland, as many other former slaves had done. Douglass set sail on the Cambria for Liverpool on August 16, 1845, and arrived in Ireland as the Irish Potato Famine was beginning.2021/6/1622 Douglass published three versions of his autobiography during his lifet
22、ime (and revised the third of these), each time expanding on the previous one. The 1845 Narrative, which was his biggest seller, was followed by My Bondage and My Freedom in 1855. In 1881, after the Civil War, Douglass published Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, which he revised in 1892.2021/6/1
23、623Fight for emancipation Douglass and the abolitionists argued that because the aim of the war was to end slavery, African Americans should be allowed to engage in the fight for their freedom. Douglass publicized this view in his newspapers and several speeches.2021/6/1624 President Lincolns Emanci
24、pation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, declared the freedom of all slaves in Confederate-held territory. Douglass described the spirit of those awaiting the proclamation: We were waiting and listening as for a bolt from the sky.we were watching.by the dim light of the stars for t
25、he dawn of a new day.we were longing for the answer to the agonizing prayers of centuries.2021/6/1625 With the North no longer obliged to return slaves to their owners in the South, Douglass fought for equality for his people. He made plans with Lincoln to move the liberated slaves out of the South.
26、 During the war, Douglass helped the Union by serving as a recruiter for the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. His son Frederick Douglass Jr. also served as a recruiter and his other son, Lewis Douglass, fought for the 54th Massachusetts Regiment at the Battle of Fort Wagner.2021/6/1626 Slavery everywher
27、e in the United States was outlawed by the post-war (1865) ratification of the 13th Amendment. The 14th Amendment provided for citizenship and equal protection under the law. The 15th Amendment protected all citizens from being discriminated against in voting because of race.2021/6/1627 After Recons
28、truction As white Democrats regained power in the state legislatures of the South after Reconstruction, they began to impose new laws that disfranchised blacks and to create labor and criminal laws limiting their freedom. Many African Americans, called Exodusters, moved to Kansas to form all-black t
29、owns where they could be free. Douglass spoke out against the movement, urging blacks to stick it out. He had become out of step with his audiences, who condemned and booed him for this position.2021/6/1628In 1877, Douglass was appointed a United States Marshal. In 1881, he was appointed Recorder of
30、 Deeds for the District of Columbia.At the 1888 Republican National Convention, Douglass became the first African American to receive a vote for President of the United States in a major partys roll call vote.2021/6/1629 He was appointed minister-resident and consul-general(总领事总领事) to the Republic o
31、f Haiti (18891891). In 1892 the Haitian government appointed Douglass as its commissioner to the Chicago Worlds Columbian Exposition. He spoke for Irish Home Rule and the efforts of leader Charles Stewart Parnell in Ireland. He briefly revisited Ireland in 1886.2021/6/1630 Also in 1892, Douglass con
32、structed rental housing for blacks, now known as Douglass Place, in the Fells Point area of Baltimore. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.2021/6/1631 Influence Escaping from slavery, he made strong contributions to the abolitionist movement, and achieved a pub
33、lic career that led to his being called The Sage of Anacostia and The Lion of Anacostia. Douglass is one of the most prominent figures in African American and United States history. 2021/6/1632 In 1848, Douglass was the only African American to attend the first womens rights convention, the Seneca F
34、alls Convention. Elizabeth Cady Stanton asked the assembly to pass a resolution asking for womens suffrage. Many of those present opposed the idea, including influential Quakers James and Lucretia Mott.2021/6/1633 Douglass stood and spoke eloquently in favor; he said that he could not accept the rig
35、ht to vote as a black man if women could not also claim that right. He suggested that the world would be a better place if women were involved in the political sphere.2021/6/1634In this denial of the right to participate in government, not merely the degradation of woman and the perpetuation of a gr
36、eat injustice happens, but the maiming and repudiation of one-half of the moral and intellectual power of the government of the world.”Douglass powerful words rang true with enough attendees that the resolution passed.2021/6/1635 Douglass progresses from uneducated, oppressed slave to worldly and ar
37、ticulated political commentator. However, the road he took to freedom was not easy. Many people thought that such a powerful young man could have been a slave.2021/6/1636Douglass Later AccomplishmentsPresident of Freedmans Savings and Trust CompanyAppointed US Marshall of the District of ColumbiaAppointed Recorder of Deeds for the District of ColumbiaMinister to Haiti2021/6/1637Thank you2021/6/16382021/6/1639 结束语结束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！
