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1、GrammarNoun Clause名词性从句名词性从句名词名词在句中可充当在句中可充当:主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位语同位语名词从句名词从句在句中可充当在句中可充当:主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句扩充从句扩充从句His words are true.What he said is true.He told me the reason for his absence from class.He told me why he was absent from class.名词从句的引导词名词从句的引导词连词连词: 在从句中在从句中不作成分不作成分连接代词连接代
2、词: 在从在从句中作主宾表定句中作主宾表定连接副词连接副词: 在从在从句中作作状语句中作作状语that whether if as if /thoughwhat whatever who whoever whose whomever which whichever when where how why名词性从句中连词的区别名词性从句中连词的区别连词在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连词在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用。连接作用。that引导陈述句,没有任何意义,引导陈述句,没有任何意义,whether 和和if引导一般疑问句,表示是引导一般疑问句,表示是否。否。as if /though 表示似
3、乎好像,置于表示似乎好像,置于look /sound /seem /appear 之后引导之后引导表语从句。表语从句。名词性从句中连词的省略名词性从句中连词的省略名词性从句中只有名词性从句中只有that在引导宾语从句在引导宾语从句时可以省略,其余都不能省略。但两时可以省略,其余都不能省略。但两个个that从句并列时后边的从句并列时后边的that不能省略不能省略Scientists know (that) their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.whether 与与 if
4、 区别区别引导动词的宾语从句时,引导动词的宾语从句时,whether和和if可以互换,但与可以互换,但与or not连用只能用连用只能用whether. I dont know whether / if I can come. I dont know whether or not I can come. 介词的宾语从句只能用介词的宾语从句只能用whether引导引导We worried about whether he was in good health or not. 引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句时都只能用句时都只能用whether. The ques
5、tion is whether you can do it yourself. Whether they will win is all the same to me. The question whether he should come himself or send another one hasnt been decided. 和动词不定式连接时,只能用和动词不定式连接时,只能用whether. I havent decided whether to go there or not.whether和和if都可以引导状语从句但意都可以引导状语从句但意义不一样,义不一样,whether表示
6、不论是否,引表示不论是否,引导让步状语从句;导让步状语从句;if表示如果,引导条表示如果,引导条件状语从句。件状语从句。Whether you play games or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me.If you give me enough time, I can do it well.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别先行词差异:先行词差异:跟同位语从句的名词有跟同位语从句的名词有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question, order, hope, thought, reply,
7、 problem, reason等等;定语从句的先行词不固定。定语从句的先行词不固定。连词差异:连词差异:同位语从句中连词同位语从句中连词that在句在句中不担任句子成分,定语从句中中不担任句子成分,定语从句中that是是关系代词,在从句中作主语,宾语等。关系代词,在从句中作主语,宾语等。同位语从句中同位语从句中wh词多具有疑问意义,词多具有疑问意义,而定语从句的而定语从句的wh词则没有疑问意义词则没有疑问意义意义差异:意义差异:同位语从句与先行名词是同位语从句与先行名词是等同关系,对前者进行补充说明,两等同关系,对前者进行补充说明,两者常可以转述为主表关系;而定语从者常可以转述为主表关系;而
8、定语从句与先行词是修饰限制关系。句与先行词是修饰限制关系。The news that our team won the game is true. The news is that our team won the game. The news that you heard just now is true. I have no idea where they have gone. The village where I live is beautiful.that与与whether, if的区别的区别when, where, how, why从句中都不缺乏成分,主要是意义差从句中都不缺乏成分
9、,主要是意义差异。异。that表示事实,无词义表示事实,无词义whether, if 译为译为“是否是否”,带有疑问,带有疑问的意义的意义when译为译为“何时,何时,的时候的时候”where译为译为“什么地方,什么地方,的地方的地方”why译为译为“为什么,为什么,的原因的原因”how译为译为“如何,如何,的方式的方式”that, what与与which的区别的区别that: 连词,在句子不担任成分,无词连词,在句子不担任成分,无词义,表达一个事实。义,表达一个事实。what:连接代词,在句中可充当主宾:连接代词,在句中可充当主宾表定等成分,可译为表定等成分,可译为“什么,什么,.的的”,无
10、范围无范围which:连接代词,在句中可充当主宾:连接代词,在句中可充当主宾表定等成分,可译为表定等成分,可译为“哪一个哪一个”,有范,有范围围who, whom, whomever和和whoever都是连接代词,都是连接代词,who和和whoever在从在从句中可作主语宾语;句中可作主语宾语;whom和和whomever在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语who和和whom译为:译为:“谁谁”有疑问的意有疑问的意义义whoever和和whomever译为:译为:“的的人,任何人,任何的人的人”主语从句主语从句在从句中作主语,可以位于句首,但在从句中作主语,可以位于句首,但多放在句末,句首则用形式主语
11、多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round.Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come.It is +名词从句名词从句It is a pity /a shame / a fact that It is 形容词从句形容词从句It is clear /obvious /important /necessary that It is 过去分词从句过去分词从句It is said / reported / believed / known /accepted /stated /thought that