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1、Chapter 7SportsA Glimpse of Chinese Culture 本章教学的目的本章教学的目的n n1. 中国传统健身活动中国传统健身活动;n n2. 奥运会的概况奥运会的概况;n n3. 中国优秀体育项目。中国优秀体育项目。本章教学的重难点本章教学的重难点n n1. 中国传统健身活动介绍；中国传统健身活动介绍；n n2. 中国与奥林匹克；中国与奥林匹克；n n3. 讨论：政府如何加强全民健身运动。讨论：政府如何加强全民健身运动。本章教学的时间安排本章教学的时间安排n n教师课堂讲解教师课堂讲解 (60 minutes)(60 minutes)1. Traditional
2、 Physical Culture 1. Traditional Physical Culture (30 minutes)(30 minutes)2. The Olympics and China 2. The Olympics and China (10 minutes)(10 minutes)3. Chinas Outstanding Competitive Sports 3. Chinas Outstanding Competitive Sports (20minutes)(20minutes)n n讨论讨论 (10 minutes)(10 minutes)n n学生课间展示学生课间展
3、示 (30 minutes)(30 minutes)Traditional Physical Culturen nSport in ancient timesn nEthnic Sport n nTraditional physical activities n nNational physical fitnessSport in ancient timesn nAs an important part of popular culture, sports in China began to take real shape during the Qin, Han and Three Kingd
4、oms periods. Sporting images have been recorded over the Dynasties by sepulchral (坟墓的坟墓的) mural paintings, stone paintings (岩画岩画), brick paintings (画像砖画像砖), pottery figurines (人物像人物像) and poems. equestrian polo 击鞠击鞠 n nDuring the Tang Dynasty, equestrian polo During the Tang Dynasty, equestrian polo
5、 was popular in the palace, the army and was popular in the palace, the army and among the men of literati (among the men of literati (文人墨客文人墨客文人墨客文人墨客). ). Cuju 蹴鞠蹴鞠 n nCujuCuju ( (蹴鞠蹴鞠蹴鞠蹴鞠) was so ) was so popular in the Song popular in the Song Dynasty that everyone Dynasty that everyone from the
6、 emperor to from the emperor to ordinary people ordinary people participated in it. participated in it. Chuiwan 垂丸垂丸n nIn the Yuan Dynasty, In the Yuan Dynasty, people like playing a people like playing a game called game called Chuiwan, Chuiwan, which is similar to golf which is similar to golf as
7、shown in the mural as shown in the mural Hitting BallsHitting Balls. . Ethnic Sport n nWith around 1,000 kinds of Ethnic sports, With around 1,000 kinds of Ethnic sports, some of the more well known ones are some of the more well known ones are Mongolian wrestling, horsemanship (Mongolian wrestling,
8、 horsemanship (马术马术马术马术) ) and archery; Hui kicking the shuttlecock (and archery; Hui kicking the shuttlecock (毽毽毽毽球球球球) and the tug-of-war () and the tug-of-war (拔河拔河拔河拔河); Tibetan yak (); Tibetan yak (牦牦牦牦牛牛牛牛) racing; Miao swinging and dragon-boat ) racing; Miao swinging and dragon-boat racing; Z
9、huang throwing of colored silk balls racing; Zhuang throwing of colored silk balls ( (抛绣球抛绣球抛绣球抛绣球); Korean swinging and see-sawing ); Korean swinging and see-sawing jumping (jumping (跳板跳板跳板跳板); Manchu skating; Dong ); Manchu skating; Dong walking on stilts (walking on stilts (踩高跷踩高跷踩高跷踩高跷); Yao whi
10、pping tops ); Yao whipping tops ( (打陀螺打陀螺打陀螺打陀螺). ).Traditional Physical Activities n nMartial arts (Wushu 武术武术)n nDistinguished Chinese Martial Arts Martial artsn nWushuWushu is also called Kong fu. According to the is also called Kong fu. According to the formation of Chinese characters, formation
11、 of Chinese characters, 武武武武 (wu) is made (wu) is made up of up of 止止止止 and and 戈戈戈戈. The former means . The former means “ “stopstop” ” while while the later means the later means “ “dagger-axedagger-axe” ” or or “ “any kind of any kind of weaponweapon” ”. The combination of the two means . The com
12、bination of the two means stopping martial actions. With stopping martial actions. With 术术术术 (shu), which (shu), which means strategies, together, the term means means strategies, together, the term means “ “using using methods and skills to stop martial actions and methods and skills to stop martia
13、l actions and activitiesactivities” ”. . Another meaning of this word is the Another meaning of this word is the martial activities between two people or two martial activities between two people or two groups with the weapons. groups with the weapons. Modern martial arts consist of five categoriesn
14、 nBoxing n nWeapon exercises n nSparring exercises n nActual combat n nTeamwork Boxingn nshadow boxing (太极拳)Weapon exercisesSparring exercises Teamwork Distinguished Chinese Martial Arts n nShaolin BoxingShaolin Boxing It is the representative It is the representative boxing style of the Long boxing
15、 style of the Long Boxing. Characterized Boxing. Characterized by sturdiness (by sturdiness (坚定坚定坚定坚定), fast ), fast attacks, and coordinated attacks, and coordinated ( (协调的协调的协调的协调的) forward and ) forward and backward moves. Its backward moves. Its serial moves are mostly serial moves are mostly sh
16、ort and straight.short and straight.n nShadow boxingShadow boxingA school of Chinese A school of Chinese popular martial arts popular martial arts marked for slow and marked for slow and gentle movements gentle movements that are designed for that are designed for defense, strengthening defense, str
17、engthening of physique and of physique and prevention of diseases.prevention of diseases. n nQigongQigong, , also called deep breathing exercises, is also called deep breathing exercises, is practiced by the Chinese on a regular basis to practiced by the Chinese on a regular basis to keep fit. Liter
18、ally keep fit. Literally “ “qiqi” ” means means “ “airair” ” implying implying “ “life forcelife force” ”. The purpose of. The purpose of qigong qigong is to is to coordinate the health of the mind and body. coordinate the health of the mind and body. Five-animal exercises n nThe The “ “five-animal
19、exercisesfive-animal exercises” ” is is a set of health building a set of health building exercise imitating the exercise imitating the movements of five animalsmovements of five animalstiger, deer, bear, ape and bird. tiger, deer, bear, ape and bird. It It s a physical exercises s a physical exerci
20、ses combined with combined with qigongqigong and and was initiated by Hua Tuo.was initiated by Hua Tuo.National physical fitnessn nThere are many gymnasiums and stadiums across China, most of them are open to and widely used by the general public. n nBody-building equipment can be found everywhere i
21、n the communities or any public places. Similarly, there is a growing trend for people to engage in their own ways to keep fit.Dragon boat racingn nDragon boat racing is an activity held each year during the Dragon Boat Festival in many places along rivers and on the coast today. This is an ancient
22、Chinese sport, very engaging and colorful, where large boats with up to 20 paddlers race against each other. The paddlers will row and stroke together, following the rhythmical drumbeats. Dragon and lion dancen nDragon and lion dance is not only a popular part of traditional festivals held throughou
23、t China, but is also a competitive sport. In competition, the dancers are required to perform set martial-arts-style technical movements and compete by climbing a frame and trying to win honor by seizing an object on the top. Kite Flyingn nKite Flying is a traditional Chinese pastime, with millions
24、of participants across the nation. As a sport, it became an official event in 1991. The Weifang International Kite Festival is a kite competition and exhibition that attracts tens of thousands of participants from all over the world.Yanggen nYangge is a traditional dance accompanied by rhythmic folk
25、 music or singing, with the dancers dressed in costumes and holding fans or handkerchiefs. It is very popular in many areas of northern China and among the middle-aged and elderly. Horse racingn nHorse racing is essential to the lifestyle of many ethnic groups, especially in the areas of Inner Mongo
26、lia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. The prairies (草原草原) in those areas provide natural fields for horse racing. There are regional variations and the types of competition are diverse.Tug-of-War (拔河拔河) n nTug-of-War is a traditional game in which many Tug-of-War is a tr
27、aditional game in which many ethnic groups participate with vigor. Today, it is ethnic groups participate with vigor. Today, it is popular at sport. popular at sport. n nIn the game two teams equal in number tug on In the game two teams equal in number tug on opposite ends of a rope and each try to
28、pull the opposite ends of a rope and each try to pull the central mark on the rope across a line onto its side. central mark on the rope across a line onto its side. The game provides an entertaining highlight and The game provides an entertaining highlight and causes considerable good-natured amuse
29、ment. causes considerable good-natured amusement. The team that wins does so through strength and The team that wins does so through strength and the spirit of cooperation. the spirit of cooperation. Rope Skipping (跳绳跳绳)n nRope Skipping (Rope Skipping (跳绳跳绳跳绳跳绳) ) is a fun sport for both is a fun sp
30、ort for both children and adults. With simply a rope, children and adults. With simply a rope, people have invented many ways to play and people have invented many ways to play and compete. A skilled person can turn the rope compete. A skilled person can turn the rope many times in quick succession
31、while many times in quick succession while keeping his or her feet off the ground in a keeping his or her feet off the ground in a single jump. Couples can skip together. single jump. Couples can skip together. Using a long rope with two people swirling it Using a long rope with two people swirling
32、it in unison at the two opposite ends, a whole in unison at the two opposite ends, a whole group of people is able to join in. Many group of people is able to join in. Many schools encourage their students to schools encourage their students to participate in this healthy activity. participate in th
33、is healthy activity. Radio broadcasting callisthenics (广播体操广播体操)n nRadio broadcasting callisthenics is a very popular and required sport in the schools and universities. Exercises and callisthenic are often led by a radio broadcast with musical accompaniment. The Olympics and Chinan nAbout the Olymp
34、icsn nThe Olympics and Chinan nChinas Outstanding Competitive SportsAbout the Olympicsn nThe Olympic Games are an international sport competition, held every four years. Until 1992 the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics were held in the same year, but beginning in 1994 they were rescheduled so
35、that they are held in alternating (间隔的间隔的) even-numbered years. The origin of the Olympic Gamesn nThe original Olympic Games were held in ancient Greece between 776 BC and 393 AD, as a celebration of the god Zeus. The games were held every 4 years at Olympia, in the eastern Peloponnese (伯罗奔尼撒半岛伯罗奔尼撒
36、半岛), and included chariot (四轮马车四轮马车) and horse races, foot races, boxing, wrestling, and the pentathlon (五项运动五项运动). The revival of Olympic Games in modern timesn nThe revival of Olympic Games in modern times was attributed tothe French educator and thinker Pierre de Coubertin, who saw them as a mean
37、s to promote peace.n n The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896. Pierre de CoubertinThe Olympic motton nCitiusAltiusFortius, which is Latin for faster, higher, stronger. n nThe intended meaning is that ones focus should be on bettering ones achievements, rather than on coming in fi
38、rst. Rings and Flagn nEach of the five Olympic rings is a different color. Together, they represent the five inhabited continents, although no particular ring is meant to represent any specific continent. The rings are interlaced (交织交织) to represent the idea that the Olympics are universal, bringing
39、 athletes from the entire world together.The Olympics and Chinan nIt was not until 1932 when the 10th Olympic Games were held in Los Angeles that China was invited for the first time to send athletes to compete. n n The only Chinese The only Chinese participant at those Games participant at those Ga
40、mes was Liu Changchun. He was Liu Changchun. He entered the 100 m and 200 entered the 100 m and 200 m race but was eliminated m race but was eliminated ( (淘汰淘汰淘汰淘汰) in the first round.) in the first round.n nBy the end of the Athens By the end of the Athens Olympics, Chinese Olympics, Chinese athlet
41、es had accumulated athletes had accumulated 112 gold medals over six 112 gold medals over six Summer Olympic GamesSummer Olympic Games. .29th Olympic in Beijing n nOne world, one dream.n nFive mascotsn nExtraordinary Olympic in the history.Chinese Outstanding Competitive Sportsn nTable TennisTable T
42、ennisTable tennis is very Table tennis is very popular throughout China popular throughout China and is popularly known as and is popularly known as the the “ “National Ball GameNational Ball Game” ” of China. of China. Chinese table tennis Chinese table tennis players have performed players have pe
43、rformed exceptionally well in exceptionally well in international competitions.international competitions. n nBadmintonBadmintonChina became a formal China became a formal member of the International member of the International Badminton Federation in Badminton Federation in 1981. Since then, Chines
44、e 1981. Since then, Chinese badminton teams have won badminton teams have won the Thomas Cup (the Thomas Cup (托马斯杯托马斯杯托马斯杯托马斯杯) ) six times, the UberCup (six times, the UberCup (尤伯尤伯尤伯尤伯杯杯杯杯) ten times and the ) ten times and the Sudirman Trophy (Sudirman Trophy (苏迪曼杯苏迪曼杯苏迪曼杯苏迪曼杯) ) five times.five
45、times.n nVolleyballVolleyballn nChina has long had one of the best womenChina has long had one of the best women s s volleyball teams in the world. They won two volleyball teams in the world. They won two world championship titles in 1982 and 1986, the world championship titles in 1982 and 1986, the
46、 Olympic gold medal in Los Angeles in 1984, Olympic gold medal in Los Angeles in 1984, and two World Cup titles in 1981 and 1985, and and two World Cup titles in 1981 and 1985, and then again the gold medal in 2004 Athens then again the gold medal in 2004 Athens Olympics Games. Olympics Games. n nTh
47、e Chinese WomenThe Chinese Women s volleyball team and its s volleyball team and its struggle for success was an inspiration to the struggle for success was an inspiration to the Chinese people during the 1980s.Chinese people during the 1980s.n nBasketball Basketball n nCBA,CBA, the Chinese Basketba
48、ll the Chinese Basketball Association, was established Association, was established in June of 1956. It is a non-in June of 1956. It is a non-government organization government organization managing basketball at the managing basketball at the national level. The advent of national level. The advent
49、 of the CBA league represented a the CBA league represented a giant step in the development giant step in the development of professional basketball in of professional basketball in China. China. n nGymnasticsGymnasticsn nGymnasts have proven Gymnasts have proven themselves to be among the themselve
50、s to be among the most reliable of the Chinese most reliable of the Chinese Olympic squad (Olympic squad (组队组队组队组队) since ) since China began to compete at the China began to compete at the Games. Games. Discussion (10 minutes) What do you think the government should do to strengthen peoples physica
51、l ability? Students PPT Presentation(30 minutes)(30 minutes) Group 1 Group 1n nTitle Title n nParticipantsParticipantsn nPresenter Presenter n nPresentation Presentation (10 (10 minutes)minutes)n nComments Comments (5 minutes)(5 minutes) Group 2 Group 2 n nTitle Title n n Participants Participantsn nPresenter Presenter n nPresentation Presentation (10 (10 minutes)minutes)n nComments Comments (5 minutes)(5 minutes)Discussion TopicnDiscussion topic for next class: Why do you think young people in China are increasingly interested in celebrating western festivals nowadays?
