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1、Topic:nounTeacher:MissWuFrom:YinHemiddleschool熟记已学过的名词;掌握常用名词的数的变化;掌握名词所有格的构成及其变化;掌握可数名词与不可数名词的区别及用法。掌握名词的句法功能考查形式:选择题、单词拼写及选词填空题、完成句子CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XICHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI名词名词专有名词专有名词不可数名不可数名词词普通名词普通名词物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词集体名词集体名词可数名词可数名词个体名词1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。2
2、)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:概念,如:work。CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XICHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI名词的数名词的数名词的所有格名词的所有格名词的变化名词的变化可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词名词名词:可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词单数单数复
3、数复数转转变变专有名词专有名词:指表示人、地方、机构、组织等指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的的专有名称专有名称。具体说来,它包括人名、具体说来,它包括人名、国家、国家、地名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等些抽象名词等。Jim吉姆吉姆China中国中国Mr.Smith史密斯先生史密斯先生July七月七月Friday星期五星期五theYellowRiver黄河黄河Christmas圣诞节圣诞节English英语英语ATaleofTwoCities双城双城记记专有名词的首字母通常要大写专有名词的首字母通常要大写第二部分:名词单复数第二部分:名
4、词单复数一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读读音变化:结尾是清辅音读ss,结尾是浊辅音或元音读,结尾是浊辅音或元音读zz。 例:例:friend friends;friend friends;cat cats;cat cats;style styles;style styles; sport sports; sport sports;piece piecespiece pieces 二、凡是以二、凡是以s s、z z、x x、chch、shsh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍结尾的词,在该词末尾加
5、上后辍-es-es构构成复数。成复数。 读音变化:统一加读读音变化:统一加读iziz。 例:例:bus buses;bus buses;quiz quizzes;quiz quizzes;fox foxes;fox foxes; match matches; match matches;flash flashesflash flashes 三、以辅音字母三、以辅音字母+y+y结尾的名词,将结尾的名词,将y y改变为改变为i i,再加,再加-es-es。 读音变化:加读读音变化:加读zz。 例:例:candy candies;candy candies;daisy daisies;daisy d
6、aisies;fairy fairies;fairy fairies; lady ladies; lady ladies;story storiesstory storiesProper NounsCommon nouns n1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。n2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。n 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。n 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
7、第二部分:名词单复数第二部分:名词单复数一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读读音变化:结尾是清辅音读ss,结尾是浊辅音或元音读,结尾是浊辅音或元音读zz。 例:例:friend friends;friend friends;cat cats;cat cats;style styles;style styles; sport sports; sport sports;piece piecespiece pieces 二、凡是以二、凡是以s s、z z、x x、chch、shsh结尾的词,在该词末
8、尾加上后辍结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es-es构构成复数。成复数。 读音变化:统一加读读音变化:统一加读iziz。 例:例:bus buses;bus buses;quiz quizzes;quiz quizzes;fox foxes;fox foxes; match matches; match matches;flash flashesflash flashes 三、以辅音字母三、以辅音字母+y+y结尾的名词,将结尾的名词,将y y改变为改变为i i,再加,再加-es-es。 读音变化:加读读音变化:加读zz。 例:例:candy candies;candy candies;daisy
9、 daisies;daisy daisies;fairy fairies;fairy fairies; lady ladies; lady ladies;story storiesstory stories四、以四、以-o-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es-es,否则加,否则加 -s-s构成复数。构成复数。 读音变化:加读读音变化:加读zz。 tomato tomatoes; tomato tomatoes; potato potatoes;potato potatoes;torpedo torpedoes;torpedo torpedoes
10、; hero heroes hero heroesNegro negroes; embargo embargoesNegro negroes; embargo embargoes反例:反例:solo silos; solo silos; piano pianospiano pianos(外来词)(外来词); ; photo photos; photo photos;tobacco tobaccostobacco tobaccos(缩写词)(缩写词) 五、以五、以-f-f或或-fe-fe结尾的名词,多为将结尾的名词,多为将-f-f或或 -fe-fe改变为改变为 -ves-ves,但有例,但有例外
11、。外。 读音变化:尾音读音变化:尾音ff改读改读vzvz。 knife knives;knife knives;life lives;life lives;Leaf leaves;Leaf leaves;staff staves/ staffs;staff staves/ staffs;scarf scarves scarf scarves 反例:反例:roof roofs, proof proofs, chief chiefsroof roofs, proof proofs, chief chiefs cliff cliffs, belief, reef, gulf, tariff clif
12、f cliffs, belief, reef, gulf, tariff 其他名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数: 如:two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比较: 层楼:storey -storeys story-stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a. 加s,如: photo-photospiano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos; b. 加es,如:potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc. 均可,如:zer
13、o-zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s,如: belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs;b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:knife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves;名词复数的不规则变化1)child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-miceman-men woman-women 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
14、 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2)单复同形如: deer(鹿),sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese n 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如: peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle, 但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,,the English,the British,the French,the
15、Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。 如: The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics(物理学)等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书
16、名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 “The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼名词复数的不规则变化1)child-children foot-feet
17、 tooth-teeth mouse-miceman-men woman-women 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2)单复同形如: deer(鹿),sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese n 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如: peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cat
18、tle, 但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。 如: The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics(物理学)等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the Unite
19、d Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 “The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6) 另外还
20、有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼辨认下列哪些是名词,辨认下列哪些是名词,哪些不是名词:哪些不是名词:computer,takecoffee,water,run.notebook.bring,table,sportinteresting,Mondayagenewactorsell2.专有名词专有名词专有名词是指专有名词是指人名人名、地名地名、团体团体、机构机构等的等的名称,名称,月份月份、星期星期、节日节日等名称也是专有名等名称也是专有名词。专有名词的词。专有名词的开头字母要大写开头字母要大写。例如:。例如:n人名人名:Joh
21、n,Green,Mr.Wang等。等。n民族名民族名:Chinese,English,French,Australian等。等。n团体、机构名称团体、机构名称:theUnitedNations联联合国,合国,UNESCO联合国教科文组织,联合国教科文组织,WTO世界贸易组织,等。世界贸易组织,等。可数名词的复数变化:可数名词的复数变化:1.可数可数名词复数名词复数的规则变化的规则变化:(1)一般情况加词尾一般情况加词尾-s,如,如book-books,desk-desks等。等。(2)以以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的名词,通常加词尾等结尾的名词,通常加词尾-es:bus-buses,box-bo
22、xes,dish-dishes,match-matches(比赛),(比赛),watch-watches等。等。Practice:Therearemany(bus)and(car)onthestreet.Ihavetwo(watch),soIgivea(watch)tomysister.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtsome(dish)carsbuseswatcheswatchdishes3)以以y结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将结尾的名词,将y改为改为ies;如:
23、如:city-cities,baby-babies以以“元音字母元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s:如:如:toy/toys,holiday/holidays等。等。(4)以以f或或fe结尾的名词,多数变结尾的名词,多数变f或或fe为为v加加es:如:如:wife-wives,knife-knives(小刀),(小刀),Leaf-leaves(树叶);(树叶);life-lives(生命生命),scarf-scarves(围巾围巾)单复数同形单复数同形:英语中,有些名词的英语中,有些名词的单数与复数同行单数与复数同行:例:例:people、Chinese、Japan
24、ese、fish、deer(鹿)、(鹿)、sheep(绵羊)(绵羊)e.g:Therearemanyfishintheriver.Wehaveafishforlunch.记住以下记住以下10个要把个要把f或者或者fe改成改成v加加es的单词:的单词:wife(妻子妻子),life(生命生命),knife(小刀小刀),leaf(树叶树叶),thief(贼贼),half(一半一半),self(自己自己),shelf(架子架子),loaf(面面包包),wolf(狼狼)。重点重点但但roof-roofs(屋顶屋顶)是例外!是例外!(5)以以“辅音字母辅音字母+o”结尾的名词结尾的名词,加词尾加词尾es
25、;如;如tomato-tomatoes;potato-potatoeshero(英雄英雄)-heroes以以“元元音字母音字母+o”结尾的名词结尾的名词,加词尾,加词尾s;如;如radioradios(收音机);(收音机);piano-pianos但注意但注意photophotos(相片)(相片)练习:练习:写出下列单词的单数或复数形式写出下列单词的单数或复数形式friendcattreessquestionsskeystoysphotostomatoespotatoesleaf /leaveszoo sradiosholidaysbaby/babiescity/citiesroofsbus
26、esbox esWeneedmore(potato),canyougoandtakesome,please?(Knife)areusedforcuttingthings.Whenwesawhisface,weknewthe(news)wasbad.Pleaseremembergivethehorsesometree(leaf).potatoesKnivesnewsleavesleafwolfwolvesleavesknifeknives“某国人某国人”的复数有三种类型:的复数有三种类型:1.Chinese、Japanese 的单复数同型,不需要的单复数同型,不需要加加“s”;2.English
27、men、Frenchman ,复数要把,复数要把“man”变为变为“men”;3.其他各国人以其他各国人以an、-i an 结尾的均直接加结尾的均直接加“s”:如如Americans、Australians 、Indians注意:注意:German是是Germans!国籍国籍总称(谓语用复数)总称(谓语用复数)单数单数复数复数中国人中国人the Chinesethe Chinesea Chinesea Chinese two Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人瑞士人the Swissthe Swissa Swissa Swisstwo Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人澳大利亚人t
28、he Australiansthe Australians an Australianan Australiantwo Australianstwo Australians俄国人俄国人the Russiansthe Russiansa Russiana Russiantwo Russianstwo Russians意大利人意大利人the Italiansthe Italiansan Italianan Italiantwo Italianstwo Italians希腊人希腊人the Greekthe Greeka Greeka Greektwo Greekstwo Greeks法国人法国人th
29、e Frenchthe Frencha Frenchmana Frenchmantwo Frenchmentwo Frenchmen日本人日本人the Japanesethe Japanesea Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanesetwo Japanese美国人美国人the Americansthe Americansan Americanan Americantwo Americanstwo Americans印度人印度人the Indiansthe Indiansan Indianan Indiantwo Indianstwo Indians加拿大人加拿大人the
30、Canadiansthe Canadiansa Canadiana Canadiantwo Canadianstwo Canadians德国人德国人the Germansthe Germansa Germansa Germanstwo Germanstwo Germans英国人英国人the Englishthe Englishan Englishmanan Englishmantwo Englishmentwo Englishmen瑞典人瑞典人the Swedishthe Swedisha Swedea Swedetwo Swedestwo Swedesradiosphotos找规律找规律zo
31、ospianos不规则变化不规则变化child-childrenwoman-womenman-mengoose-geesemouse-micefoot-feet注意:注意:1、一些以一些以man,woman结尾的结尾的合成合成词词,在构成复数时与,在构成复数时与man,woman的的变化形式相同,如:变化形式相同,如:policeman/policemen(警察警察),Englishman/Englishmen(英国人英国人),Frenchman/Frenchmen(法国人法国人)注意:注意:与与man、woman两个词组成的复合词,名词本两个词组成的复合词,名词本身和这个词都要变成复数。身和
32、这个词都要变成复数。如:如:Womandoctor/womendoctorsManworker/menworkersMandriver/mendriversdeersheepdeer,sheep,fish,li,jin,yuan,mu,Japanese,Chinese等的单复数同形等的单复数同形.Yuana bottle of juicea glass of orangetwo boxes of milk不可数名词不可数名词看例题识所有看例题识所有格格1.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.BeijingisChinascapital.2.ThisisMaryandhersi
33、stersbedroom.BobandLucyssisterisanurse.的的3.TheseareTomsandLilysbags.4.Sheisthetwoboysmother.5.thedooroftheroomtheleavesofthetree6.thegirlsname=thenameofthegirl7.Heisafriendofmybrothers.指点迷津指点迷津1. 1.Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me.Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me.2. 2.A pair of shoes _(i
34、s, are) under the bed.A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed.3. 3.The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) 2,000.2,000.4. 4.The woman with two children _( is ,are ) coming The woman with two children _( is ,are ) coming here.here.5. 5.
35、Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an American.Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an American.is isis isis isis isamam指点迷津指点迷津6. Maths _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.6. Maths _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.7. They are all _( woman, teachers ; 7. They are all _( woman, teachers ; women teachers).wo
36、men teachers).8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 1,300,000,000.1,300,000,000.9. There are many _(peoples,people )in the street in 9. There are many _(peoples,people )in the street in summer.summer.10. One of the students _(have, has) gone to 10. O
37、ne of the students _(have, has) gone to Shanghai.Shanghai.is isis iswomen teacherswomen teacherspeoplepeoplehashas1.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyare_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Howfarisyourschoolfromhere?NotveryfarItsabouttwentywalk.AminutesBminutes Cminutes3.Therearethreein
38、myfamily.A.people B.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJanesC.AnnsandJanesCCAABTheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.()TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.( )Theyoungisdancingthere.()Theyounga
39、redancingthere.()Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.()Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.()WehavefiveGermeninthismeeting.()WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionaries.() ( )1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof( )2.Thistableis
40、madeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glasses D.glass()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe_800-metreraceyesterday. AboysBboysCboyDboys.( )4.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.Germans B.GermenC.Germany D.Germanies( )5.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxsDDBAC选择填空
41、:选择填空:()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy_.A.brothersB.brothersC.brothers D.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()8._are_forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used()9.Johnbought_forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoe
42、sB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menroomsBBDAA根据所给单词的正确形式填空:根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.A
43、rethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelvein a year.(month)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonths8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere
44、.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_.(Lucy)LucysminutesvegetablestomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknives1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life 2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK,
45、 how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother 3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers fo
46、r our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffee C. Two
47、cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, well have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks10. They are those _ bags. Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors练一练练一练小结小结:1、名词的数的变化,以及不可数名词作主语时的谓语。2、名词所有格的运用,双重所有格。3、名词的句法功能。4、名词的词型的变化。练一练练一练