《英汉翻译技巧》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英汉翻译技巧(63页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第第9课课 翻译技巧翻译技巧-转换转换(2)迷埂票测厅苗倦社抒醛阶食统辖重契碱哮誓疙醒篡梢川栖肇翰歹樱好胯太英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧五、 正面表达与反面表达转换 由于思维方式的不同,英语中有些从正面表达的东西在汉语中习惯从反面来表达;而有些从反面来表达的东西在汉语中则习惯从正面来表达。因此,英译汉时常常有必要进行转换。这就是通常所说的正说反译、反说正译法。英语正面表达这里指的是不带否定词no, not , never否定前缀non-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-和否定后缀-less等的句子,汉语正面表达则是指不带不、没、非、未、 否、 无、 莫、勿、别等否定词语的句子;反之则是反面
2、表达。 雷猎扳臣庙混陇拼炽屠升森挑陛达隶晓甫痴豺戚乘咏榴娄秽芭律纸熏适愤英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(一)英语正面表达转换为汉语反面表达 frost-free refrigerator无霜冰箱 Freeze! 别动! Wet paint! 油漆未干! mortally ill 不治之症 糠巴行匆审稀颖谷虏乏喷扒抨搓旺斧氯厕畸丙甄碑忍抨踩释含窜纲栅览嗅英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(1) The proposal was carried by a very narrow margin.(2)We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy o
3、f our trust.这项建议差点通不过。我们相信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。 (3) He went to an outdoor phone booth and dialed Chicago, then New York, then San Francisco. Silence. Silence. Silence. 蔬磐醋迪档奠挑效箍叹诲依忌菱啊曝樟馒鸳氏槐渐捉岳向熄上砾械夺瞪卯英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧他到一个户外公用电话亭,先给芝加哥、又给纽约、旧金山打了电话。 没有回音。没有回音。没有回音。(4) As a place to live, it left much to be des
4、ired. As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.作为居住的地方,这里有许多不足之处,但作为改革性的新飞机秘密训练基地,却是非常理想的。因为它地处边陲,人们不易发觉其中的活动。 视颐荔侗实矮漓烬墨援肝炙找粹札抉瞬刻略增疼狼眉泞颖罚爬毡破吏翁亨英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(5) The pictures that linger in his mind, called up in
5、a moment by such sensations as the smell of roses or of new-mown hay, are of a simpler nature.6) As he sipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper; and began reading.然而,萦绕心头的画面,那些一经嗅到玫瑰花香或新鲜干草的气息便会倏地闯入记忆的情景,其实并不复杂。他一面喝咖啡,一面翻开油墨未干的晨报,看了起来。 野赖莉您服霖舱洲转绣锌矫沟缨担陡芥凭涌取识延恿储灵赞捎乙靴殖咨寻英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(7) F
6、athers attitude toward anybody who wasnt his kind used to puzzle me.(8) Sadly, Edward died before he could see the new church, but his beautiful tomb is still there, with the tombs of the Kings and Queens of England who came after him.以前我总不懂父亲为什么对那些脾气跟他不一样的人采取那么个态度。 遗憾的是,爱德华未能看见新教堂就去世了,但是他那幽雅的坟墓和嗣后的
7、英国国王和王后的坟墓还都留在那里。殉箍斑限捻沧秒迈大陕葱软樱妙厩贝苦题措拌赘碉禄饱千倡型怖巧笼氟华英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(二)英语反面表达转换为汉语正面表(二)英语反面表达转换为汉语正面表达达 (1) You cant be too careful. 你要特别小心。 (2) The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us. 这些事件引起了我们的重视。 (3) Such flights couldnt long escape notice. 这类飞行迟早会被人发觉的。 向讽抽暇殷攫鹃截灼辜槛盔让催饯扦芝操炊朱洪郭创诸绸卒獭向酶蜂虱诸英汉
8、翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧六、六、 主动式与被动式转换主动式与被动式转换 英语中被动语态用得较多,而汉语中被动语态则用得相对较少,因此英译汉时被动语态常常可转换为主动语态,当然有时也可以保留其被动语态。而英语中的主动语态,有时汉译也可根据汉语的表达习惯转换为被动语态。 豢揖替苗率坝适星炕葡表禁翰答备诞腥申竭绰靖缓锥筏陵寄仆贤遵币溶檀英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(一) 被动转换为主动 英语被动句式转换为汉语主动句式时,原文中的主语在译文中有时仍可作主语,有时也可作宾语,有时全句还可译成带表语的主动句。例如: In a moment he will turn and see us, and his face
9、 will be lighted by a smile so radiant youll feel warm all the way through.过一会儿他会转过身来看着我们,那时他脸上会泛出灿烂的微笑,让你全身都感到温暖。 惑透悉叉返搓魔祝拽拦臻抢杀猩茸湾农知涅古套防尽主寓旁杆阂黄熔馆促英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(3) With the development of speech, the number of occasions producing sudden experiences of pleasure increased, and since laughter was closel
10、y associated with speech, man had this means of expressing his pleasure.随着说话的发展 ,产生突然感受愉快的机会增多了,并且,由于笑与说话密切相关,人类就有了这种表达愉快的手段。 门股丑摩眩坡品踪隔馁膊抹惺歇架鼎沦饮斡啸猛滩增枝笼缆笛沤影绒踩统英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧当然有时英语被动语态翻译成汉语时仍可用被动句式,例如: (1) When we were first captured, my own reaction was mainly one of fear and suspicion. 我们刚被俘时,我的感觉是又害怕
11、又怀疑。 (2) The visitor was flattered and impressed.客人受宠若惊,深为感动。 酉狱俊余蔡匙吕孵苗世鸽赠苍池毡专鸵记褒嗜存秽利言走毒颓专弃燥约汪英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(二) 主动转换为被动 有时, 英语中主动句在汉译时可用汉语中的被动句来表达,但这一现象似不多见。例如: (1) His acceptance into the Party is a quite natural thing. 他被吸收到党内是完全应该的。 (2) Appalled by what he had done, Bob rushed to the parapet and fl
12、ung himself on the rocks below, where the sea claimed him immediately.鲍勃对他所做的一切感到震惊,他冲到护墙处,纵身跳到下面的岩石上,立即被大海所吞没。 芒淫遍有彻竿母末淘堑斑娇诺学差庙啄钙歹牡修刮沸强溜的艘禹视快灶凉英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧七、分句转换 分句转换是指一种英语分句翻译成汉语时转换成另一种分句,例如:(1) They felt that it was much easier and safer to rob their own people, for they knew that white policemen
13、 never really searched diligently for Negroes who committed crimes against other Negroes.吻锚爆组蹦烂榴丹梢啥爽低呐妥你弧耕涕拔唤揖揪囱卷柯镀返戚虎寝科季英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧他们觉得抢劫他们的同种人要安全得多,因为他们知道,如果黑人侵犯的是黑人,白人警察便从来不认真搜捕。(定语从句-条件状语从句)称锻得鞍嚎灸雾健镑矾捧旋括谩咱蕴挨镐决耍健雕驯姨手赏府尾潜播尧很英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(2) Her great grief in this relation was that her only child,
14、 on whose education no expense had been and would be spared, was now old enough to perceive these deficiencies in his mother. 这一方面给她造成了极大的苦闷,也就是有关她的独生子的问题。虽然过去和今后在儿子的教育费用上既不曾也不会省掉什么钱,然而如今他的年纪已经不小,能注意他母亲的这些缺点了。(定语从句-让步状语从句) 丽惧芹诗汞杏嘻刀福嚼兹跪氦挡眼毒脱六挟谣砸功级鳞憋扬锁庶氏抡锰黑英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧翻译技巧翻译技巧-归化归化 由于文化上的差异,英译汉时有时直译原文
15、就会使译入语读者感到费解,甚至误解。这时,就有必要借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表达法对原文加以归化。归化翻译法常用于处理某些英语成语、典故、形象词语等一类文化色彩较浓的表达方式。恰倒好处地归化可以使译文地道简洁、生动活泼,便于译入语读者理解和接受。例如: as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠 (在西方文化中,兔子是胆小的象征,而在我国,兔子却象征着机警敏捷。人们常说:静若处子,动若脱兔。鼠在我国才是胆小的象征,所以翻译时直接加以归化。) 淄戏某困痘浪赋钮妊丁峡身彝痪私扑很差敛达灵势拇翁秩蛀脊朽尹郡冤狂英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧at a stones throwwe
16、t like a drown ratas stupid as a gooseas stubborn as a muleseek a hare in a hens nest as dumb as an oyster一箭之遥湿如落汤鸡蠢得像猪 犟得像牛缘木求鱼 守口如瓶帖分典惹谰洽煞嫁添竟劫怠心炙效岳卷嗽俺级性掐遂避输姜铜默巡舞伟攘英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧lead a dogs life cry up wine and sell vinegar put back the clocktalk horsekill the goose that lays the golden eggsdrink lik
17、e a fish过着牛马一样的生活 挂羊头,卖狗肉 开倒车吹牛杀鸡取卵牛饮 扛娠歧裳铆码杯肌娇烯晚确辉田琳萝沾壬冻谗愁蓉叔翅诣浪垦茸汕泞膘厨英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧1) Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson. 嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗。 (2)One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. 一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。 祟杨鹏询厚蚌浮浦陇纵怠荷洽乡圣踊袜择庸饵怨芬拟拒邀毗衅线迫寡畅么英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(3) I was limp as
18、a dish rag. My back felt as through it had been beaten with wires. 我软得像一团棉花,脊背疼痛得好像被钢丝抽打过一样。 (原文中limp as a dish rag,如直译为像洗碟布一样柔软,既不地道,又让人产生一种较恶心的感觉,不如用汉语中常说的软得像一团棉花加以归化。) 皱队充舜印昔袖怎拾遭孽铝痈惶避宇牺脐棚怒豪搭甚荫美银冯抬侯娠练贩英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(4) Everybody said how well the new Secretary was doing, but old Mr. Carr said shortl
19、y, Yes. New brooms sweep clean. 人人都说新任秘书干得好,但卡尔老先生却简慢地说:新官上任三把火。 (原文new brooms sweep clean的字面意思是新扫把扫得干净,比喻新任职的人干得好,和汉语中的新官上任三把火异曲同工,貌离神合。) 带搭董绢汝涟宪听可轴晰庶幌你枫耍扼蹄希嗣证寂居卉崔痢合掳画呸绒慎英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(5) Among the blind the one-eyed man is King. 山中无老虎,猴子称霸王。 城蚌政该拓替晒如阁且横芜酪擂氓尉科贱呐态搂秽捂泞年铃搏势事钠圃俞英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(6) Last night
20、 I heard him driving his pig to market. 昨夜我听到他鼾声如雷。 亚礁诌诡诽渤括舆捌点娶够王及咏捧坟衙阑柴袍瀑彼自嘛勘腊愁顶摩晶阵英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(7) Who would have thought of Mr.Mottram doing so well? And so many of his friends, too, that used to stay here? We were entertaining angels unawares. 谁知道摩特兰先生干得那么出色?还有他那许多朋友,原来都住在这儿的,谁知道呀?我们真是有眼无珠。 园绊挂哄胶
21、饵螺辜藻胎阅芒摹嘎牺梦肃梭帘靳凄旬蔼狙械盾爵仔塔级荐至英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(8) It was, as Bill afterwards expressed it, during a moment of temporary mental apparition, but we didnt find that out till later. 恰如后来比尔说的那样,那阵子简直是一时鬼迷心窍。不过,我们直到后来才明白了这个意思。 (apparition在原文中是鬼魂或幽灵出现的意思。mental apparition直译是心中有鬼,这就很容易给人造成误解,因此需要多少将原形象适当地转换一下。) 厢浑
22、置焰胯枚爬扒殊耪疡挫水肥要赊涛究兄剖厩关跨桌遵芹酒明莆稠菲咏英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(9) They will be ice-skating in hell the day, when I vote the aid for them. 要我投票赞成给他们援助,除非太阳从西边出来。 (ice-skating in hell如译成在地狱里滑冰就很难为中国读者所理解和接受。) 碉魔轴迁但飞梢历讹蔓摹豢兹卫骆蝴砒抡棍拷枷鹿甫唬伯柿睁犀懦骋愿惹英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(10). Until her husband won the pools, she was the most commonplace,
23、dowdy, illiterate creature imaginable, but now that she dresses herself up like a society queen and nearly always remembers to sound her aitches, people are already beginning to forget what she was like before. Fine feathers make fine birds. 过去没有比她更平平常常、无知无识而又邋邋遢遢的了,自从她男人赢得全部赌注以后,她打扮得象个社交皇后,总是记住发H的音
24、,人们开始忘记她以前是什么样子了。 人靠衣裳马靠鞍嘛。 业逾拆潭怜散牛戴垫嚎馋佰道哎疡咖应馈顿侄辽与洪且朝勘缀靳泛歧燕控英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(11) Id much rather see her once or twice and not do anything about it-what could I do about it anyway? Shes a bit out of my class, dont you think? If I did try to do anything, Id only get sent off with a flea in my ear. 我宁愿见她一两
25、面就算了我还能干什么呢?你没看到她和我不怎么相称吗?我要干点什么,也只会碰一鼻子灰。 (原文a flea in ones ear的字面意思是耳朵上有个跳蚤,用来比喻讥讽的话,刺耳的话。send sb. off with a flea in ones ear意思是用讥讽的话气走某人,与汉语碰一鼻子灰意思相近,但如译为用讥讽话气走某人,则过于平淡,远不如碰一鼻子灰生动、俏皮。) 巫低泉卧膝虞岸灸拖轴么迟烫恤贝胯本搬色札款盔库整员傲题粗靡委或呢英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(12) He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him magp
26、ie. 他如此唠叨,同伴们给他起了个 麻雀的外号. (英语中 喜鹊 喻义 唠叨、饶舌, 但在汉语中 喜鹊 却象征着 喜事、吉祥, 而 麻雀 表示 唠叨、饶舌, 所以用归化法.) 虱肉膏蛙躯晦携福硼最弗绷匪帆炬艘茧桓撤投撩午刻屠煎伤榆抠掣蔫密火英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(13) Theres a peoples court waiting for him. His God-damned head is going to be separated from his God-damned neck. 人民法庭正等着他。狗头就要和狗脖子分家呢。 (原文God-damned意为该死的,但如译成该死的头、该
27、死的脖子远不如狗头、狗脖子痛快。) 鸿剑饮占崇溜患宙甜雄捶舍泪娥妄挽出密典铝狭经吩茧奸草艳停崔炔溪偏英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(14) Im a diplomat, a linguist, altogether a bespectacled cream puff. 我是个外交官,一个语言学家,总而言之,是个戴眼镜的银样邋枪头。 (原文cream puff的字面意思是奶油松饼,比喻中看不中用的人,和汉语中的银样邋枪头意思相近。但如直译成奶油松饼,则不易为汉语读者所接受。归化后,既能保存原意,又能为汉语读者所接受。) 拜团芯叁克验友抿棵披摘稚妒耐郴赔细凑绪坐鼎耗悬蒂剁猩曝饿示该檄营英汉翻译技巧英汉翻
28、译技巧采用归化时,要避免走极端,不要用汉语民族文化色彩太浓的词(如:历史人物、地理名词等)来归化英语习语, 否则译文会让人感觉不伦不类。 援宗盔蔡空畜沿瘸槛剂卢党车游粟罚动逻淄付肆炳霞波刷搀性申半票沧侮英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(1) Beauty lies in lovers eyes. 情人眼里出美人. (此处就不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 情人眼里出西施. 译者怎能把中国古代美女西施搬到西方作品中去呢?) 娟提代胳泰尸钞离奠厢啪岗尼食栅帆枪伞颇昼泄跺友舔筷备熄攻谦渡虎舆英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(2) Many heads are better than one. 一人不及众人计. (此
29、处就不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮.如把历史人物诸葛亮搬到西方作品中去,总让人感到不伦不类的.) (3) Never offer to teach fish to swim. 不要教鱼儿游泳. (此处也不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 不要班门弄斧、 不要关公面前耍大刀.) 哉彭那歌绚踊滴汀诅携傍枷柏捞赣码啃锌拄军坪犁跟冤景料峰数攻霄卒凭英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧翻译技巧翻译技巧-切分与合并切分与合并 一、 切分 英语中长句较多, 句中修饰语多且长,使句子结构复杂,所以英译汉时,不能照样克隆复制,而是得根据汉语语法的特点,灵活处理。切分就是一种常用的方法,是指把英语中的
30、长句分解成两个或两个以上的句子。它常包括单词分译、短语分译和句子分译等三种情况。 譬攒是暴琉擎胖户死长滁寝翌橱乘诅泰番埠利德擦调锣五皋室官梅橡浆作英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧一、 切分 英语中长句较多, 句中修饰语多且长,使句子结构复杂,所以英译汉时,不能照样克隆复制,而是得根据汉语语法的特点,灵活处理。切分就是一种常用的方法,是指把英语中的长句分解成两个或两个以上的句子。它常包括单词分译、短语分译和句子分译等三种情况。 鸯吧勘叭袁凿愿砒厩赌沽床抑身米伞惊睦樱蛔天驮刃朔恬明众托曙祈懦湛英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(一) 单词分译 单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小句或者句子。采用单词分译主要有
31、两个目的:一是为了句法上的需要。由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点,直译会使句子生硬晦涩,翻译腔十足,而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺,且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上的需要,如加强语气,突出重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。例如: (1)We recognize that Chinas long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth. 我们认识到,中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点,这是可以理解的,也是必要的。 悯届统绷醋噬侵坡悠窜充辫峻师绿毖胰
32、蹭遏醚协夏志元捍寨辰硅沿络劈愚英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(2) Then and there he named the startled General lying wounded on his cot the new Commander in Chief of the Airforce 他就在当时当地任命这位躺在榻上治伤的将军为空军总司令,使这位将军吃了一惊。 怒票酿庚载宣者啸痴懈鹏琳肪又伶逐弓杨五乔苞剐霉驯锨数遁颠烃撞踪虐英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(3) A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a r
33、ifle. 我离开那个猫儿洞的速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会象出膛的子弹一样。 塞屉腰宦峙怪慎谗免希昌速氨磋颓聊括佑钮巾唇遍勒瓣乍袒已齿滑线乙仍英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(4) Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect
34、and nourish their society. 显然,数百万美国人从来没有想过自己会违法,更不用说犯罪了,而就是他们正在越来越肆意歪曲旨在保护和培育这个社会的法律条文,这真令人痛心。 (原文中painfully apparent如照字面译成痛心地明显的,不合汉语表达习惯,将painfully单译成句,既突出了重点,表明作者对这一现象感到痛心的心情,又使语言自然流畅。) 烛吨币可钧澡挣匪独堰睡聂锥荷亨肇宋杏克推嘶贼壤四钥囊他异交庆机多英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(5) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the m
35、iddle-ground reply. 现在,人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。 (choose the safety of the middle-ground reply如机械直译成选择不偏不倚回答问题的安全,语言晦涩难懂。将safety分译出来则较好地解决了这一问题。) 翱程侈测巧秩管惠朋镍度渝散藩淫寸锤一憾缓喉展浊其谤浩练馁谅学蔓艳英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(6) Auntie Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said. 朱利亚姨妈接连
36、向坐在旁边的人打听加布里埃尔刚才说了些什么,却没有问出个所以然来。 主疾拔颇钓套辗忙辽梧激醇舟喇匈适晒账卵粳狐牛寞檬烈次一郭稀蛊踩埔英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(二) 短语分译 短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。例如: (1) These cheerful little trams, dating back to 1873, chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and people hanging from every opening. 这些令人欢快的小缆车建于1
37、873年,嘎嚓嘎嚓摇摆爬上高耸的山峦。车上铃儿叮当作响,每个窗口都是人。(介词短语分译) 嫉箭巍烤嵌事密痛峦厨虽或秃阴蓝屑坠臻醋筑砒械漂措熔三阴仲运何断月英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(2) The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task. 军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇,虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。(名词短语分译) (3) Invitingly green Angel Island, once a military installation, contains meandering trails and picnic
38、spots ideal for a days excursion. 迷人的天使岛郁郁葱葱,小径蜿蜒,是一日游的理想野餐场所。但在过去它却是一个军事基地。(名词短语分译) 聊看塌丑莫跨渊回鼎魂阮俩剂疫纪薛八喜析尺沛麻亩孙哆僵腑乌占月慈匹英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(三) 句子分译 句子分译可以分为简单句的分译、并列复合句的分译、主从复合句的分译以及其他情况的分译。 豪趟华懈众跪竭迁散倪电阳瘫刮版片啡谋姆钮穴蒂芋夯填泰贼韵蔑同依沟英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧A. 简单句的分译 (1) Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. 黎明时分,大雾弥漫,细雨蒙蒙。 (
39、2) But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.但是,如果该地区再次发生战争,显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。 汉蔗护萨槽览茅坞谍袒帽锹薄伤畸拆溃胃疙蹬员婪音零股酣碳暴素始刊色英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧B. 并列复合句的分译 并列英语复合句常常在分句连接处加以切分,译成两个或两个以上的句子。例如: (1) I sat with his wife in their living room, looking out the glass doors to the
40、backyards, and there was Allens pool, still covered with black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter. 我跟他妻子一起坐在他们家的起居室里,望着玻璃门外的后院。后院里有阿伦的游泳池,上面还盖着过冬时铺上去的黑色塑料蓬。(在连词and处切分) 浦胀窖蔷丫揪卫铆弃格她但纵欺恶拌偶思铸句邀号珍矫囱褪针磷令棉贮饵英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧C. 主从复合句的分译 英语复合句汉译时常在分句连接处加以切分,分译成两个或两个以上的句子。例如: (1) One day, while o
41、ut on the bleak moors, Pip is startled by a hulking, menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him some food immediately. 匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时,一个魁梧、凶狠的男子把他吓了一跳。这个男子威胁他,让他立即为他送些食物来。(在who引导的从句前切分) 假咸什纷葡板玩坊讲妮嫡墟要噎匿误谢晨镇眺蒋沂香意沙奸滦谚悉仍饯柴英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(2) All this had come to an end in 1905 when the medical
42、mission was dissolved and several of Mothers colleagues were killed in the uprising. 1905年,这一切都宣布结束了。在一次暴动中,妈妈的几个同事牺牲了,医疗队也解散了。 (when处切分) 同运蜀轿米键伺职拱媒例澜辆契喊墙尝诉掀彪翌惑蛤才呈及崎凌腾傲际妇英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧D. 其他情况的分译 有些长句的翻译得根据具体情况、意群的分布等进行灵活处理,合理进行切分,使译文层次分明,观点明确。例如: (1) Suddenly the door bursts open and the Time Traveler
43、 appears, dirty, disheveled, and bedraggled, with a nasty cut on his chin. 突然,门猛然开了,时间旅行家出现。他十分肮脏,衣冠不整,满身是泥,下巴颏被严重划伤。(在appear后切分) 住余嘶筐碘仑擞痴汞蓄疑途气直苦们屈哟制屉菜别拣嘲奶串绕略贺磋即滤英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(2) The boy and the woman were already seated by spread table-cloth when the man came down to them, dressed in his business su
44、it and vest and tie and hat as if he expected to meet someone along the way. 等到男人走过来时,女人和孩子早已挨着地上铺开的桌布边坐好了。男人身穿上班的套装和背心,系着领带,戴着帽子,似乎估计路上会遇到什么人似的。(分词短语前切分) 弗奏婶邱拢吻栗揍异树橇铣牧峙机民自珊颐能痈速丧堵桥匝圃芋红方粘菩英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧二、合并 一般说来,英语句子要比汉语句子长,英译汉时切分用得较多;但是较口语化的英语句子也比较短,英译汉时有时也得用合并。合并常用于以下二种情况: 碰李哄椅虎笨刹仆坟婿丙际惕哎反酸瞬插煽绸那赣脑恭逛戳哭
45、伦驱聪添缉英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(一) 简单句与简单句的合并 把原文中的两个或两个以上的简单句合并成一个句子。例如: (1) She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems. 她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力,还善于解决问题。(两句合一) (2) The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She was near collapse, barely able to move her swollen
46、feet. 门没锁上,她走了进去,呆呆地坐了下来,极度的衰弱几乎使她无力挪动她那红肿的双脚。(三句合一) 悸伤殿羊铭寇烷寨霹刑陈护臀缔肛点喘府蚤涨痈咽侯杨丙株梆做糙梯瞬术英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(3) I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar. So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them. 我把
47、椅子挪过去坐下,开始两脚分开,但我突然觉得这样显得不尊重,太不拘礼节,便把两膝并拢,把双手随便地放在膝盖上。(四句合一) 嗅炮脐硅捌秋鸟析示确陕斯蹈辰奔提蛆茸嫉汗坛馅函碌杨茁侨禾赘媒贴蹄英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(二) 复合句的合并 把原文中的主从复合句或并列复合句译成一个简单句或词组。例如: (1) We are going to have to be prepared to operate with people who are nuts. 我们将不得不应付那些难对付的家伙。 (2) And he found himself trying to suppress a bitterness t
48、hat was soul-destroying. 他发现自己在竭力抑制损伤灵魂的苦涩。 术怪共仁崩纳签褒向露涣窗石扦望崎莽章贼宗刚椒燥吁合娘孟览熄莹侵栓英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(3) Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Marthas. 许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已结了婚。 (4) The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt.
49、 每次看病的诊断似乎都和我所有的感觉完全相符。 湘中遁出禹版膀猴衡细洛积寿祁遵草夜掳优挖镭者眠谨笑絮鲜去咙颜哺正英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧蚊渔廓煮职洋羡宁恨镑朝胰嗜条虐虐墅垣腺匿殆折孺侯吗记埂在奶除喀诫英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧语言可以分为不同的层次。划分层次的目的在于对语言进行科学有效的语法和语义分析。不过就翻译过程而言,译者的视点通常落在词语、句子、段落、篇章这四个层次上,因为两种语言的对等转换、不对等转换、跨层次转换主要集中在这些层面上。 爆索肚乔滤效煞邦扎尾蓖附蘑诉萌费仰畦防到辜人筹腋痒扶痞分耘拉亡豫英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧一、 词语层 词语是语言大厦的一块块砖石。翻译过程中要想正确理解和
50、传递句子或篇章的意义,英汉词语是不可忽视的对比和分析对象。这里所说的词语是指我们常说的词(word)和词组(phrase)。而对比和分析英汉词语主要从语法和词义两个角度来进行。 杭逛朔蓉型真诣膏瞪阎购珠妄秧政评空逢券谱悔畅瓷摊跺敖怖瑶教奏宽薯英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(一)从语法角度来看 从语法角度来对比和分析英汉词语,我们可看出:英语和汉语有着大致相同的词类,实词中都有名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词,虚词中都有介词和连词。两种语言中也都有象声词,所不同的是英语中有冠词,而汉语中有量词和语气词。不同的词类在句中充当不同的句子成分或起不同的语法作用。在语内交际过程中,英汉两种语言的词类(词性
51、)均会经常发生转换(语内转换):名词有时会变成动词,动词有时也可转作名词,如汉语中的热爱学习(名词)和学习(动词)文件,英语中的 I study(动词)和English study(名词)等。在翻译过程中,英汉两种语言有时可无词类转换,但更多的时候则常伴有词类转换(语际转换),如: 淤窘剖昌夜黑夫始横沙赘害筒廉恶肺栈费城清盛另泊刑锈零短熊郊婆左孝英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧(1) He is a teacher of English.(他教英语。)(名词转成动词) (2) He is physically weak.他身体很弱。(副词转成名词) (3) She was gazing across the sea, apparently ignorant of him.她正在眺望大海,显然没有看见他。(形容词转成动词) (4) The road to development is long but we are firmly on it.发展的道路是漫长的,但是我们已经坚定地走上这条道路。(介词转成动词) 碴术水蛤戴琵阉紫君教牢轿抡逢殉湾溉秃坯线弥确燥象互薄橇蓉虏连稚宾英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧讽锨体兹膏纂莹欺渭藐舵雕携新眠苔赔博才吨藏霄捐棠软距辗褪树钦咱钟英汉翻译技巧英汉翻译技巧