虚拟语气精讲精练

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1、高中英语语法精讲精练高中英语语法精讲精练 虚拟语气虚拟语气一、英语中的语气一、英语中的语气 陈述语气陈述语气祈使语气祈使语气虚拟语气虚拟语气 1. 在表示虚假的、与事实相反在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气气。 2. 表示主观愿望或某种强烈情表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。感时，也用虚拟语气。 即即，当一个人说话时欲强调其当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法所说的话是基于自己的主观想法、愿望愿望、假想假想、猜测猜测、怀疑或建议，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。语气。虚虚 拟拟 语

2、语 气气 二、虚拟语气的动词形态变化二、虚拟语气的动词形态变化(1) 虚拟语气的条件从句的时态用法，要按虚拟的时间往后退一步，退成（相应的）过去。二、虚拟语气的动词形态变化二、虚拟语气的动词形态变化(2) 虚拟语气的结果主句的时态用法，要在虚拟从句的基础上往前进一步，进成（相应的）将来。1. if条件从句中：条件从句中：与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句 省略省略if的虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句 三、与事实相反的虚拟语气三、与事实相反的虚拟语气 常见考点与难点常见考点与难点(1) (1) 与现在事实相反的虚

3、拟条件句条件从句结果主句If主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式+其它其它主语主语+would/should/could/might+ 动词原形动词原形+其它其它If I were you,I would study much harderIf I had a bike,I would lend it to you.Ifyou tried again,you might succeed.IfI knew her number,I could ring her up.条件从句结果主句If主语主语+had+过去分过去分词词+其它其它主语主语+would/should/could/might+have+过

4、去分词过去分词+其它其它If I had come a few minutes earlier,I should have met him.If you had not studied hard,you would have failed in the exam.If we had found him earlier, we might have saved his life.(2) 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(3) 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句条件从句结果主句If主语主语+were to/ should+动词原形动词原形+其它其它主语主语+would/should/could/might+ 动

5、词原形动词原形+其它其它If I were to do the experiment,I would do it some other way.If it should rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.Ifyou were to try again,you might succeed.(4) 错综时间虚拟条件句非真实条件从句结果主句If If it had rained last night,(过去相反过去相反)It would be very cold today.(现在相反现在相反)If If I had taken your advice,(过去相

6、反过去相反)I should have no trouble with the work now.(现在相反现在相反)IfIf you were in better health,(现在相反现在相反)we would have allowed you to join their work.（过去相反）（过去相反）(5) 省略if的虚拟条件句条件从句结果主句IfHad / Should /Were +主语主语+.主语主语 + 谓语谓语.If Had they time（=If they had time）,they would certainly come and help us.If Shou

7、ld it be fine（=If it should be fine）,we would go for an outingIfWere he to start out today,he would get there by Thursday. IfHadnt my car broken down,I should have caught the train.If I knew English, I _ these English books. （read）如果我懂英语，我就应该能读这些英语书了。如果我懂英语，我就应该能读这些英语书了。答案：答案：should be able to readM

8、aybe if I _, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.(study)如果那时我学理科而不是文学的话，我就能给你一些帮助了。如果那时我学理科而不是文学的话，我就能给你一些帮助了。答案：答案：had studied scienceIf you had spent several more hours training, _ better in the sports meeting?(perform)如果你多花了几个小时训练，你难道不会在运动会上表现的更好如果你多花了几个小时训练，你难道不会在运动会上表

9、现的更好吗？吗？答案：答案：wouldnt you have performed_ the assigment by the deadline, I should call on you and lets celebrate it together. (be)如果我在最后期限之前完成了任务，如果我在最后期限之前完成了任务， 我就该拜访你，一起庆祝。我就该拜访你，一起庆祝。答案：答案：Were I to finish 或或 If I were to finish_, the massive unemployment becomes possible, which will make the un

10、stable situation worse.(fail)万一万一做不到这一点，上述通胀解决方案就会成为可能。做不到这一点，上述通胀解决方案就会成为可能。答案：答案：Should it fail to do so 或或 If it should fail to do soHad the historian not discovered and registered what actually happened in history, we _ the ancient times now.(learn)如果这位历史学家没有发现并记录历史上真实发生的情况，我如果这位历史学家没有发现并记录历史上真实

11、发生的情况，我们如今就不会如此了解古代。们如今就不会如此了解古代。答案：答案：wouldnt learn so much about2. 带有条件含义：带有条件含义：三、与事实相反的虚拟语气三、与事实相反的虚拟语气 常见考点与难点常见考点与难点(2) If it were/had not for If only What if Suppose/Supposing that (except) on condition that provided that but that(but for)ifonly与onlyif (1)在ifonly这个短语中，中心词是从属连接词if,而副词only只是加强i

12、f的语气的。ifonly常常用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是该多好啊”等。例如：Ifonlyshecouldhavelivedalittlelonger.要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！IfonlyyouhadnttoldhimwhatIsaid,everythingwouldhavebeenallright.若是你没把我所说的华告诉他，就不会出什么问题了。onlyif引起的条件状语从句，是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”，表示“只有(才)；只有在的时候；唯一的条件是”的意思；与if引起的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用，不用虚

13、拟语气。例如：Onlyifthecaseisurgentshouldyoucalloutthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。【onlyif引导的条件从句放在句首，主句要进行部分倒装。】ifonly与onlyif (2)exceptonconditionthatexceptonconditionthat=unless例题：例题：I couldnt have bought the car except on condition that _. (have)我本不能买那辆车，除非我当时有钱。我本不能买那辆车，除非我当时有钱。答案

14、：答案：I had had enough moneybutthat与butfor1. but that是连词词组，后跟从句；而是连词词组，后跟从句；而but for是介词词组，后是介词词组，后跟名词、代词、动名词等。跟名词、代词、动名词等。2. but that的意思是的意思是“要不是要不是的话的话”，是一种对事实相反的，是一种对事实相反的虚构，因此要用虚拟语气。虚构，因此要用虚拟语气。但需特别注意的是，butthat引导的从句要用陈述语气，形式上是肯定，但意义上是否定；主句谓语动词则需要用虚拟语气的形态。例句：例句：She would have fallen but that he caug

15、ht her. = She would have fallen if he hadnt caught her.要不是他抓住了她，她就掉下去了。要不是他抓住了她，她就掉下去了。If it _ that you had been ill, I would ask you to do this right now. (be)要不是你病了，我马上就让你去做这件事。要不是你病了，我马上就让你去做这件事。答案：答案：were not for the factThe world would probably have been a worse place now had _. (decision)如果没有如

16、果没有他他们的这些决定，全球形势现在很可能更糟。们的这些决定，全球形势现在很可能更糟。答案：答案：it not been for their decisions_ in China, I would have been to many tourist attractions. (only)只要是我住在中国，我肯定去过许多旅游胜地了。只要是我住在中国，我肯定去过许多旅游胜地了。答案：答案：If only I livedWhat if I _ work?(fall)万一我生病，不能工作，怎么办？万一我生病，不能工作，怎么办？答案：答案：should fall sick and not be abl

17、e toBut for the warning message, more lives _ in the flood.（lose）要不是这个警报信息，更多的生命可能已经葬送在这洪水中了。要不是这个警报信息，更多的生命可能已经葬送在这洪水中了。答案：答案：would have been lost Supposing _who doesnt seem your type of person, how would you tell him that you dont want to be his friend?（have）假如你有一个与你似乎不搭调的朋友，你怎么告诉他你不想假如你有一个与你似乎不搭调

18、的朋友，你怎么告诉他你不想喝他做朋友？喝他做朋友？答案：答案：you had a friend He would have helped us but _ at the time.(be)他本应帮我们的忙他本应帮我们的忙, 无奈他当时缺少资金。无奈他当时缺少资金。答案：答案：that he was short of money Nothing would please her _. （that）只有我们一道去只有我们一道去, 她才会高兴她才会高兴.答案：答案：but(except) that we go along 三、与事实相反的虚拟语气三、与事实相反的虚拟语气 常见考点与难点常见考点与难点

19、(3) 3. 其他：其他：would rather I wish lest / for fear that in case that (in case / in case of)as if even if so long as含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句 wouldrather(1)would ratherwould rather后接不带后接不带to的的不定式不定式would rather + do 表示现在或未来的一种主表示现在或未来的一种主观愿望或选择。观愿望或选择。例：例：Id rather do it today.wouldrather+havedone表示过去的某种选择不恰当。例：例

20、：Id rather have stayed at home than went to the dull film.would rather后接从句后接从句wouldrather+从句(一般过去时)，表示现在或未来的愿望。例：例：Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being.wouldrather+从句(过去完成时)，表示现在或未来的愿望。例：例：Id rather she hadnt done that.wouldrather(2)句型wouldratherthan和wouldratherthan【比较】I would

21、 rather stay at home than she should take me to her club. 表示现在的意愿表示现在的意愿 对将来事实的虚拟对将来事实的虚拟I would rather have stayed at home than she took me to her club. 表示对过去事实的虚拟表示对过去事实的虚拟(反省反省) 过去真实发生过的事实过去真实发生过的事实than后的从句中，谓语中有should，则表示对将来未发生之事的虚拟语气。如果than后的从句中，谓语动词是一般过去时，则表示与某个真实发生过的事情相对比，应有更好的选择。wish+宾语从句(1)

22、主主+wish主主+wished与现在事与现在事实相反实相反宾语从句中谓语动词用宾语从句中谓语动词用were或动词过去式或动词过去式例：例：I wish the moon were shining at the moment.与过去事与过去事实相反实相反宾语从句中谓语动词用宾语从句中谓语动词用had+过去分词过去分词或或would/could+have+过去分词过去分词例：例：I wish I had never seen her. I wish I could have finished writing the book report yesterday. But I was too bus

23、y与将来事与将来事实相反实相反宾语从句中谓语动词用宾语从句中谓语动词用would/should(could/might)+动词原形，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望动词原形，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望例：例：He wished she might do better next time.【注意】：wish的时态不影响从句三种时间的判定。如果将wish改为wished其后that从句中的动词形式不受影响。例句：例句：Melanie would die and she had wished that she would die.媚兰会死掉，她本来就希望她死的。媚兰会死掉，她本来就希望

24、她死的。(选自飘选自飘)He had wished that UFOs were real ever since he first heard the term at the age of eight.自从他在自从他在8岁时听说这个词儿，他就希望岁时听说这个词儿，他就希望UFO是真的。是真的。wish+宾语从句(2)主+hadwishedthat(were或would/should+动词原形)表示过去未能实现的愿望。hadwishedtodosth=wishedtohavedonesth过去未能实现的愿望，意为：希望曾经做过hadwishedsbtodosth=wishedsbtohavedo

25、nesth过去未能实现的愿望,意为：希望某人曾经做过Joan had wished to become a musician at the age of sixteen.The framer wished to have sent his son to a famous university.The patient had wished the doctor to examine him again before the operation.The driver wished his car to have been filled with gas the day before.wish扩充(

26、3)incase(1)incase引导的句子，即可以用陈述语气，又可以用虚拟语气。若用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词为should+V原，should可以省略。例句：Thegameswillbepostponedincaseit(should)snow.注：这里之所以用should+V原的虚拟形态，是因为incaseit(should)snow比incaseitsnows的可能性小很多，因此才需要虚构。因此，在做题时，若遇见incase，需要仔细读题干，分清说话者对事实可能性程度的判断。incase(2)1.incase和incaseof在意义上区别不大，都是“以防（万一）”之义。经常可能互换。2.

27、inthecasethat和inthecaseof，与第一点中的意义完全无关，意为“在这种情况之下”。However, in the case that the income exceeds 300 thousand yuan, for the part which exceeds 300 thousand yuan, income tax _.(apply)但是，如收入超过但是，如收入超过30万元人民币，则对于万元人民币，则对于30万元以上部分，应照常征收万元以上部分，应照常征收所得税。所得税。答案：答案：shall be applied as usual 含蓄虚拟条件句常见的可以用来表达含

28、蓄虚拟语气的结构：or,otherwise,with,without,but,undercondition例句：Withoutsteel,therewouldbenoindustry.没有钢就没有工业。WithyouraidIwouldhavesucceededinperformingmytask.当初若有你的帮助，我就会完成任务的。Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.假设我们有更有利的条件，我们还会做得更好。_, what do you think he would do for the company（be）即使他在这里即使他

29、在这里, 你认为他会为公司做什么？你认为他会为公司做什么？答案：答案：Even if he were hereAs _ money, I could buy a car. （have）只要我有更多的钱，我就能买一辆车。只要我有更多的钱，我就能买一辆车。答案：答案：long as I had more He did it carefully for fear that _.（make）他很仅慎地做这件事，唯恐再次犯同样的错误。他很仅慎地做这件事，唯恐再次犯同样的错误。答案：答案：he might make the same mistake againIt isnt as if _ the own

30、er of the property. In fact he admitted that the property belonged to his uncle.(claim)他又没有声称自己拥有那些财产呀！事实上，他承认那些财产他又没有声称自己拥有那些财产呀！事实上，他承认那些财产属于他叔叔。属于他叔叔。答案：答案：he had claimed to beChuck also learns that he _ about his friends.（care）查克还认识到，他本该多关心他的朋友们一点的查克还认识到，他本该多关心他的朋友们一点的。答案：答案：should have care mor

31、eWe think he _ on the business, since he is always short of reponsibility. （ought）我们认为不该派他去出差的，因为他一贯缺乏责任心我们认为不该派他去出差的，因为他一贯缺乏责任心。答案：答案：ought not to have been sentI _ to the party yesterday, but I had to finish the paper. (come)昨天我本来会来参加聚会，但是我不得不完成那篇论文。昨天我本来会来参加聚会，但是我不得不完成那篇论文。答案：答案：would have comeI

32、didnt know that he was a liar, or else I _. (believe)我不知道他是个骗子，不然我不会相信他。我不知道他是个骗子，不然我不会相信他。答案：答案：wouldnt have believed him主语+动词（that）主语+（should）+动词原形He insisted (that) John (should) do the job. We suggested (that) the meeting (should) not be postponed. The union demanded (that) the wages (should) be

33、 raised by 20%. The committee recommends that the matter be discussed at the next meeting. The contract stipulates (that) the best materials be used. The chairman proposed (that) the question (should) be discussed at once. We desired (that) we (should) book the tickets in advance. 四、表示强烈语气的虚拟语气句型四、表

34、示强烈语气的虚拟语气句型 (1) 坚持insist命令order,command决心decide,determine要求ask,demand,request,require建议suggest,advise,recommend,propose,recommend,advise其他desire,intend,prefer,promise,urge有时，上述动词宾语从句不是表示主张、建议或要求等，而是表示其它的意义，这时则仍用陈述语气。如当insist表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当suggest为“说明了”，“暗示”等含义时，从句用直陈语气而不用虚拟语气。在expect,believe,think

35、,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句经常用“should动词原形或完成形式”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。Ineverthoughtthatheshouldbesuchabraveyoungsoldier.我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。Ineverexpectedthattheproblemshouldbesocomplicated.我从没想到问题会这样复杂。Ijustcouldntbelievethatheshouldbesoignorant.我简直不相信他会这样无知。Itis+形容词/过去分词/名词that主语+（should）动词原形Itisnecessarythaty

36、ou(should)bepresentatthediscussion.Itis(was)importantthatthepatient(should)betakenspecialcareof.Itisimperativethatyou(should)arrivethereintime.Itwasorderedthatthemedicines(should)besentherebyplane.Itwassuggestedthateveryone（should）haveamap.ItishisdesirethatIstayhere.【注意】：在以上句型中，如果表达的是对过去事实的惊讶、喜悦、遗憾、

37、惋惜等情感色彩时，要用should+havedone的结构。此时，主句中的be动词的时态，与从句中动词的虚拟形态没有关系。虚拟语气用于Itistime后的定语从句中，表示早该做而未做的事，含建议的意味，在此类句子中，定语从句的谓语一般用过去式或should+V原(should不能省)。主句定语从句Itistime(that)主语+动词过去式Itshightime(that)webegantowork.我们该开始工作了。Itis(about)time thatchildrenwenttoschool.孩子们该上学去了。Itishightimewestoppedemptytalk.我们不要空谈了。

38、Itstimethatyouwereinbed.你该就寝了。Itishightimethatyouwenthome.你们现在必须回家了。Itistimethattheproblemwassolved该是解决问题的时候了。注意区分itisthefirsttime和itistimeIt/That/This+is/was/willbe+the序数词+time后面的从句用相应的完成时态。【注】如果是willbe,从句多用现在完成时代替将来完成时。例句：Itwasthefirsttime(that)hehadfinishedhiscompositioninthirtyminutes.Itwillbeth

39、esecondtimeshehasbeentoBeijing.注意区分maywell和mayaswellmaywell主要用于加强推测的语气，表示具有较大的可能性。如：Itmaywellbetrue.那很可能是真的。【注】maywell中的may也可换成might或could，但语气更不确定。如：Hemightwelllosehisjob.他多半会丢了那份工作。mayaswell主要用于表示提议或劝告，意为“不妨”。如：Ifthatisthecase,Imayaswelltry.既然如此，我不妨试一试。【注】当表示提议或劝告时，mayaswell与mightaswell意思相同；但是might

40、aswell还可将一种不愉快的情况同另一种不愉快的情况作比较，含有抱怨的意味，通常译为“还不如”，此时不能用mayaswell。如：Thisholidayisntmuchfun;wemightaswellbebackhome.这个假日过得真没意思，我们还不如待在家里。He has suggested that the situation would be much worse now if _ in time, after the epidemic broke out, to isolate the affected victims.(take)他已经暗示，在流行病爆发之后，如果不及时采取行动

41、来隔离他已经暗示，在流行病爆发之后，如果不及时采取行动来隔离受感染者，情况会变得更糟。受感染者，情况会变得更糟。答案：答案：no action was takenAt the tea conference, the chair toasted and expressed his best wishes that _ good health and a rewarding life. (enjoy)在茶话会上，主席敬酒，并表达了他对所有在场的人身体健康，在茶话会上，主席敬酒，并表达了他对所有在场的人身体健康，生活美满的祝福。生活美满的祝福。答案：答案：all the people present

42、 should enjoyIt is impossible to imagine _ without the suns energy. (live)真是难以想象，没有阳光的能量，人类如何生存。真是难以想象，没有阳光的能量，人类如何生存。答案：答案：how man could liveIt is surprising that he _ eight meat pies within half an hour without any digestion disorders. (eat)他在半个小时内吃掉了八个肉馅饼，而没有任何消化紊乱，真他在半个小时内吃掉了八个肉馅饼，而没有任何消化紊乱，真是让人惊讶。是让人惊讶。答案：答案：should have eaten