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1、1).“WhatistheBauhaus?”;2).letslearnaboutthehistoryofBauhaus;3).CharactoristicsofBauhaus;4).Bauhausconceptofdesigneducation;5).severalteacherofbauhaus;6).Finally,Bauhauslegacy.First,let me tell you “What is the Bauhaus ?”What is the Bauhaus ?Bauhausisadesignschool,foundedinGermanyafterWorldWarII.Them
2、eaningofthenameitselfishouseofbuilding.ItwascreatedbyWalterGropiusdeterminedinthedesignandeducation,andpastpracticestomakeacleanbreak.Hehiredtalentedteacherstoteach,andtheseteacherswillbeselectedtoteachtheirstarpupil.PurposeisinlinewiththesimplicityofthemachineagetoreplacetheVictorian-styledesign.Ba
3、uhausfirstevolvedintoasport,thewhiteinteriordesign,loungechairsandglassskyscraperintoourlives.Theinitiatorofthismovementbysomeoneelse-theFrencharchitectLeCorbusierisoneofthe.ButtheBauhausopenedagoodstart,becauseitisitselfanew,ambitiousdesignproducts-wecallitBauhausideals.“Secound,lets learn about th
4、e history of BauhausThe first phase ( 1919 - 1925), the Weimar times.Gropius(WALTERGROPIUS)president,proposedartandtechnologynewunifiedloftyideals,shouldertheresponsibilityoftrainingtwentiethCenturydesignersandarchitectssacredmission.HewaswidelyJobs,theappointmentofartistsandcraftsmendivisionofteach
5、ing,formtheartisticeducationandhandmadecombinationofneweducationsystem;The second stage ( 1925 - 1932),Dessau period.TheBauhausDessaureconstructioninGermany,andcurriculumreform,implementationofthedesignandproductionofintegratedteachingmethods,andachievedexcellentresults.1928Gropiusresignedasthepresi
6、dent,bythedirectoroftheDepartmentofarchitectureHannesMeyer(HANNSMEYER)succession.TheCommunistPartywasbornarchitect,theBauhausArtradicalexpandedtopoliticalradical,therebyallowingtheBauhausisfacingincreasingpoliticalpressure.Finally,Meyerhimselfhadtoresignon1930,byLMiesvanderRohessuccession.Thesuccess
7、ionofSmithfromthefaceoftheNaziforces,straineverynervetomaintainschoolrunning,finallyin1932OctobertheNazisoccupiedaftertheforcedclosureoftheBauhausDessau;The third stage ( 1932 - 1933), the Berlin times.LMiesvanderRohestheschoolmovedtoBerlininanabandonedofficebuilding,tryingtorally,duetoNaziGermanyBa
8、uhausspiritmustface,justcametopoweroftheNazigovernment,Smithfinallyirretrievabl,announcedinAugustthatyearBauhausclosedpermanently.In1933NovembertheBauhauswasclosed,hadtoenditsdevelopmentcourseof14years.Third,let talk about charactoristics.Style Atfirst,theBauhausstyleofexpressionism,especiallybyJohn
9、Edenspersonalintuitive,mysticalteachingofgreatinfluence,andGropius ideal of collective creationvastlydifferent,butalsodeviatedfromtheBauhauscombinedwiththepurposeofindustrialproduction,1921,inBerlinsuburbs,thetimbermerchantAdolfSangmaRumsfeld(AdolfSommerfeld)commissionedtheBauhauscarpentryfactoryinp
10、rivateresidentialconstructioncaseisopenedduringtheexpressionistworksofthesummerhouse(HausSommerfeld),interiordesignareallstudentworkfortheBauhauscarpentrydepartment.elaborateconstructivisttheory,thelawoffullorder,impersonal,rationaldesignstyle,andBauhausindustrialproduction,forthepurposeoftheactualm
11、atch.June1922,GropiushiredWassily Kandinsky,byreasonofhisscientifictheoriesfromthecoursetoteachingbackontrack.October1922,GropiuspubliclydiscouragingEdenresigned,andin1923byMidrashLuofrictionloadinthatbase(LszlMoholy-Nagy)toreplacehisposition,in Paul Klee, Kandinsky and that the base of the teaching
12、 efforts of the Bauhaus style and gradually move toward rationalism and constructivism. In1923,thefirstexhibitionintheBauhausmodelhouseexhibitionofAfricanhorn(MusterhausAmHorn)byGeorgeGlamoc(GeorgMuche)design,theappearanceofasimplecube,builtusingsteelandconcretestructures,eachroomhaveaclearfunctionc
13、annotbereplaced,theindoorlightsfromthatbasedesign,furnitureareallMarcelBreuerworkswiththenewdoctrinethatmatter(NeueSachlichkeit)thecompositionandcharacteristicsoftheDutchStijlmovement,hascold,minimalist,mechanical,theimage.Forth,Bauhaus concept of design educationBauhausconceptofdesigneducation:(1).
14、TechnologyandtheArtsshouldbeharmonyandunity(2).toreacharationallevelofvisualsensitivity(3).ofthematerial,structure,texture,color,scientific,andtechnicalunderstanding(4).thecoreofthecollectiveworkistodesign(5).artists,entrepreneurs,technicalstaffshouldworkcloselywith(6).studentswithjobsandcloseenterp
15、riseprojectsNext,lets know about several teacher of bauhaus Laszlo Moholy-Nagy Nagy(LaszloMoholy-Nagy,1895-1946)wasborninHungary,earlypaintingsandgraphicdesignbased.NajibcametotheBauhausin1921,1923,tosucceedEatonwasresponsibleforteachingthebasisofBauhaus.Najibstressedthattherationalknowledgeofforman
16、dcolor,notekey,line,surfacerelationships,thro-ughpractice,sothatstudentslearnhowtoobjectivelyanalyzethecompositionofspacetwice,andthusextendedtothree-dimensionalcomposition,whichisdesignededucationhaslaidafoundationconsistingofthree,alsomeansthatstartingfromtheperformanceoftheBauhausandtowardrationa
17、lism.AfterthedissolutionoftheBauhaus,Nagyin1937intheUnitedStatessetupanewBauhausinChicago,asacontinuationoftheoriginalBauhaus,willintroduceanewmethodofcreativeeducationintheUnitedStates,butthemajorityofschoolgraduateswashiredasartists,craftsmenandteachers,ratherthanindustrialdesigners.NewBauhausandl
18、atermergedwiththeIllinoisInstituteofTechnology.H Beyer (HERBERT BAYER) HBeyerHagewasborninAustriain1900,hadtogotoschoolinAustriarhymeLinzey.1921-1923,hewenttoGermanysBauhausUniversityWeimarschooldays,wherehebecameinterestedindesignforprint,andlaterjoinedthestudioundertheleadershipofKandinsky.1924-19
19、28,servedasBauhausgraphicdesignstudioandprinthead,whentheBauhausmovedfromWeimar,Dessau.BeyerpublishedawealthofinformationaboutBauhausdesignarticlesandbooks.Therearealsothefollowingwritings:AtlasofWorldGeography,Beyerdesignsset,Beyerapainter,designer,architect.AdditiontothesetSystemdesignwork,healsoa
20、ctivelyengagedinthecreationofpureart.HisworksareinmajormuseumsinEuropeandAmericaspermanentcollection.Andorganizedanumberofsoloexhibitions.Manymanualsandmagazinespublishedarticlesabouthisdiverseartisticarticles.IncludingJ.VanDeMarkspaperH.Beyer:Fromthefonttothelandscapeandsoon.拜耶Herbert Bayer，1900198
21、5封面设计1923年包豪斯师生作品展览会，德国Jost SchmittJoost Schmidt(1893-1948)wasateacherormasterattheBauhausandlateraprof-essorattheCollegeofVisualArts,Berlin.Hewasavisionarytypographerandgrap-hicdesignerwhoisbestknownfordesign-ingthefamousposterforthe1923BauhausExhibitioninWeimar,Germany.In1946,hecollaboratedwithoth
22、ermembersoftheBauhausonthedesignoftheexhibitionBerlinplant/ErsterBericht,thefirstexhibitiononthecitysplansforreconstruction,heldintheBerlinCityPalace.In1947/48,hereceivedanofferfromtheUSAExhi-bitionCentertodesignexhibitions.Priortohisdeathin1948,hewasworkingonanotherBa-uhausexhibitionandthepublicati
23、onofaBauhausbook.Paul RennerPaul Renner(August9,1878April25,1956)wasatypefacedesigner,mostnotablyofFutura.HewasborninWernigerode,GermanyanddiedinHdingen.HewasborninPrussiaandhadastrictProtestantupbringing,beingeducatedin19thcenturyGymnasium.headmiredthefunctionaliststraininmodernism.Thus,Renner can
24、be seen as a bridge between the traditional (19th century) and the modern (20th century). He attempted to fuse the Gothic and the roman typefaces.FuturaFuturawasfirstintroducedasabookfaceandworkswellifitissetwell.Butitwasso.DutchGraphicDesignWimCrouwelwasdirectoroftheDutchBoysmans-vanBeuningenmuseum
25、inRotterdamwhocommissionedthe.DutchGraphicDesignWimCrouwelwasdirectoroftheDutchBoysmans-vanBeuningenmuseuminRotterdamwhocommissionedthe.DutchGraphicDesignWimCrouwelwasdirectoroftheDutchBoysmans-vanBeuningenmuseuminRotterdamwhocommissionedthe.BritishGraphicDesignCatalogdesignforMuseumBoymans-Beuninge
26、n,Rotterdamby8vo1992.From8voOntheoutsideMarkHolt&HamishMuirLarsMllerpublishersFinally,Bauhaus legacy.-the impact of BaubausBauhauslegacy-moderndesigniswhatFromthe1940stothe1970s,moderndesignintheUnitedStatesappearstoberising.Despiteitssimplicityofmodernism,coolharmonicgeometryofprinting,writingandin
27、teriordesignalsohadaprofoundimpact,buttheprincipleisthebestspokesmanforthearchitect.Formfollowsfunction.designedthiscommandmentisthefirstproposedinthe19thcentury,MiesvanderRoheandafterplayingtoasensiblemaximum.Hisglassskyscrapersneithertheauthorssignature,andnolandscapingpolish.Theyareonlyresponsibl
28、etofulfilltheirobligations-suchasdecorativeasofficeandapartment.CleanandhonestThiskindwordsareaddedtothebuildingMiesCriticismvocabularytable.intheformfollowsfunction,thedesignerhastofindyoucanlearnfromthepastform.Sincethepopularityofthisconcept,theproductsandbuildingsarenotidenticaltheattempt.Utiliz
29、ationofrawmaterialsandsurfacetreatmentstoaminimum.Mechanicalcompositioncanataglance,theformisequivalenttothecontent.Acorollaryoftheprinciple:TruthtoMaterials.tomaintainthecharacterofeachrawmaterial-donotputplasticdisguisedaswood,chrome,fabricorfur.Cannotbedisguisedasoakwoodboard.Nogoldmetal,notembos
30、sedlinoleum,noflockwallpaper.Likeacloudorapeach,withthemostsimplerealsimplebeauty.True,notfalseMiesvanderRohesanothercommandment:lessismoreconceptandthepreviousonethisisnotunrelated.Smithwillbeeconomic-thisprojectaddedtotheaestheticprincipleinprinciple.Inengineering,theeconomymeansthattherearecost-e
31、ffective.WhileSmith,theeconomymeansthevisualbenefits.Hebelievesthatgooddesigncanmakepeopleseetheconstructionofapurpose.Thedecoration,symbolismandgestureserased,leavingtheskeletonispure:texture,color,weight,proportionandcontour.in1929MiesdesignedtheGermanPavilioninBarcelona,SpainExpothisphilosophyoni
32、tshead-aroof,abaseandsomeoftheside.Smithsstreamlinedstrategytosolvemanydesignproblems.HedesignedtheGermanPavilionatExpoBarcelonachair.Inadditiontothenecessarycomfort,thischairdoesnothaveanysuperfluousdecorationmaterials.Shinymetallathformtheframeworkofachair,aclothseatandbackwithadouble,thinfurmatcanwithstandyourweight.Inadditiontousingnomodifiedfonts,designerswillbearrangedinarectangulargridonthepage.Productdesignersarealsoonthelessismoreconceptpreparedegos.Thank you!
