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1、Utilization of Biomass for Utilization of Biomass for Renewable Energy Renewable Energy (Republic of Korea)(Republic of Korea)KoKoKo, , , SeungSeungSeung KeunKeunKeun(Korea Environment & Resources Corporation, ENVICO)(Korea Environment & Resources Corporation, ENVICO)(Korea Environment & Resources C
2、orporation, ENVICO)Kim, Kim, Kim, HeeHeeHee Jung Jung Jung(Korea Energy Management Corporation, KEMCO)(Korea Energy Management Corporation, KEMCO)(Korea Energy Management Corporation, KEMCO)Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaContentsContents1. Energy Status of Korea2. Governments Policy & Renewable E
3、nergy 3. Current Status of Bio-energy4. Future ProspectRepublic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaCurrent Global Energy StatusCurrent Global Energy StatusPolitical instability of oil producing countriesPolitical instability of oil producing countriesRapid increase of oil demand,Rapid increase of oil demand,
4、such as China, Indiasuch as China, IndiaCompetition for scarce resourcesCompetition for scarce resourcesEnhanced control and nationalization of fossil energyEnhanced control and nationalization of fossil energyGlobal Global protection of protection of environmentenvironmentEffectuation of Kyoto Prot
5、ocol(05.2)Effectuation of Kyoto Protocol(05.2) New and High Oil Price EraNew and High Oil Price EraRepublic of KoreaRepublic of Korea1. Energy Status of Korea1. Energy Status of Korea Imports about 97% of the energy used Imports about 97% of the energy used More than 80% of oil from the Middle East
6、More than 80% of oil from the Middle EastSource : MOCIE High dependency on energy importsHigh dependency on energy imports( unit : % )Classification8090000205Overseas Energy Dependency73.587.997.297.196.8Oil in total energy61.153.852.049.144.3Import from the Middle East of total oil98.873.776.973.38
7、1.8Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaGradual Decrease in Oil and Increase in LNGGradual Decrease in Oil and Increase in LNG Oil : (80) 61.1% (05) 44.4% Oil : (80) 61.1% (05) 44.4% LNG : (90) 3.2% (05) 13.3% LNG : (90) 3.2% (05) 13.3%Increase in Transport, Household/Commercial Sector are Increase in
8、Transport, Household/Commercial Sector are ProjectedProjectedOil (44.4%)LNG (13.3%)Anthracite Coal (2.1%)Bituminous Coal (21.9%)Nuclear Power (16.1%)Hydro Power, etc. (2.3%)Industrial (55.2%)Transport (20.8%)Household / Commercial (21.6%)Public, etc. (2.4%)1. Energy Status of Korea1. Energy Status o
9、f KoreaEnergy Consumption Breakdown(2005)Energy Consumption Breakdown(2005)Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea2.2.Governments Policy & Governments Policy & Renewable Energy Renewable EnergyEnergy Use System toward Sustainable DevelopmentPromotion of New & Renewable EnergyPromotion of New & Renewable
10、EnergyFramework Building in response to Climate ChangeFramework Building in response to Climate ChangeRational Use of Energy with Efficiency EnhancementRational Use of Energy with Efficiency EnhancementRepublic of KoreaRepublic of Korea2.2.Governments Policy & Governments Policy & Renewable Energy R
11、enewable EnergyInstability of energy market* High oil price expected* High oil price expectedExhaustion of fossil fuel * Oil production peak expected in 2020 (IEA)* Oil production peak expected in 2020 (IEA)Obligation to reduction of GHG emission* 10* 10rdrd Ranked in GHG emission(2003) Ranked in GH
12、G emission(2003) Why Why RenewablesRenewables in Korea in KoreaRepublic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaSource : Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA, 2006. (Korea is from 2005, other countries from 2004)2.13%13.6%5.94.23.83.22.2.Governments Policy & Governments Policy & Renewable Energy Renewable Energy
13、Very low compared to advanced countriesAchievements In NREAchievements In NRERatio on NRE/Total Energy Consumption is 2.13% in 2005Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea2.2.Governments Policy & Governments Policy & Renewable Energy Renewable Energy*Others include photovoltaic, geothermal, fuel cell New
14、& Renewable Energy Supply Status(2005)In 2005, NRE accounted for 2.13% of primary energy In 2005, NRE accounted for 2.13% of primary energy consumption(229.3Mtoe)consumption(229.3Mtoe)Equivalent to oil import of 1.8 Equivalent to oil import of 1.8 bilbil USD; USD; CO2 emission reduction of 15 CO2 em
15、ission reduction of 15 MtonMtonResourceResourceDetailsDetailsAmountAmount(1000toe)(1000toe)%Waste548 units of Industrial and Municipal solid waste incinerators3,70675.9Hydro59 units of small and large sized hydro pwr plant91918.8Bio114 units of Industrial and Municipal biogas(methane, landfill, biod
16、iesel) system1813.7Solar Thermal193, 000 Solar Hot Water System350.7Wind98.7 MW for 136 units in Jeju Island and Kangwon320.7Others14 MW for schools, residence, parks etc.60.2Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaAnnual Target (%)2.2.Governments Policy & Governments Policy & Renewable Energy Renewable E
17、nergyResources200320062011Waste68.564.757.3Hydro27.623.612.3Bio3.08.37.8Solar Thermal0.70.72.4Photovoltaic0.10.42.5Wind0.12.19.7Geothermal-0.20.85% of Total Energy Consumption by 2011Deployment TargetDeployment TargetGoal2.12.55Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea3. Current Status of Bio-energy3. Curr
18、ent Status of Bio-energyResourcesPotential(x 103 toe/year)Recoverable(x 103 toe/year)Forest residues5,100850Agricultural residues4,0001,050Food waste17051Municipal waste(Waste paper, woods)1,080320Animal wastes90030Sludge3015Total11,2802,316Biomass Resources in KoreaRepublic of KoreaRepublic of Kore
19、a3. Current Status of Bio-energy3. Current Status of Bio-energyMajor Bio-energiesStarch, Lignocellulosic biomass Food wastesVegetable/animal oilsWaste water,sludgeBriquettesBioethanol, Bio-oilMethaneBiodieselHydrogenHeatingTransportation fuelFuelTransportation fuelFuelSynthetic gasMethanolHeatPowerS
20、olid fuelSolid fuelSolid fuelSolid fuelLiquefactionLiquefactionLiquefactionLiquefactionGasificationGasificationGasificationGasificationCombustionCombustionCombustionCombustionDigestionDigestionDigestionDigestionChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalcatalystscatalystscatalystscatalystsBiologicalBiologicalB
21、iologicalBiologicalGenerationGenerationGenerationGenerationRepublic of KoreaRepublic of Korea3. Current Status of Bio-energy3. Current Status of Bio-energy1995 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20052001209060301(1000 toe)(1000 toe)Bio energyBio energySolar thermalSolar thermalWindWindMost of energy
22、 sources, such as bioenergy, wind, and PV, continuouslyincrease- Wind power generation increase sharply since 2003PVPVNRE Deployment TrendRepublic of KoreaRepublic of Korea Current status for Current status for bioenergybioenergy utilization in Korea utilization in Korea 3.6% (84,000TOE) of recovera
23、ble biomass resources have been 3.6% (84,000TOE) of recoverable biomass resources have been utilized as energy in 2001utilized as energy in 2001 Action plan have been set up to increase the Action plan have been set up to increase the bioenergybioenergy utilization to utilization to 15% by 201015% b
24、y 2010 Current aspects of Current aspects of BioenergyBioenergy R&D R&DFollowing priorities were applied for Following priorities were applied for BioenergyBioenergy R&D R&D 1. Organic wastes such as food wastes, sludge, 1. Organic wastes such as food wastes, sludge, MSWsMSWs etc etc 2. Unutilized r
25、esources (Forest residues, agricultural 2. Unutilized resources (Forest residues, agricultural residues etc) residues etc) 3. Foreign biomass 3. Foreign biomass Two Two bioenergybioenergy technologies have been commercialized technologies have been commercialized Other technologies are still under O
26、ther technologies are still under developementdevelopement 3. Current Status of Bio-energy3. Current Status of Bio-energyRepublic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaTechnology Development StatusTechnology Development StatusTo develop technology by using Bio-diesel and Land To develop technology by using Bio-d
27、iesel and Land Fill Fill Gas(LFGGas(LFG) ) Diffusion of BD5(gasoline 95% + Bio-diesel 5%) to Diffusion of BD5(gasoline 95% + Bio-diesel 5%) to gasoline vehicle gasoline vehicle Exhibition diffusion period of BD20(gasoline 80% + Exhibition diffusion period of BD20(gasoline 80% + Bio-diesel 20%) : 200
28、2. 5. 25 - 2006. 6. 30 Bio-diesel 20%) : 2002. 5. 25 - 2006. 6. 30 3. Current Status of Bio-energy3. Current Status of Bio-energyRepublic of KoreaRepublic of Korea4. Future Prospect4. Future ProspectTechnology Road Map for Bioenergy2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011ConversionFeedStockSupply2003
29、Plant Science (Outsourcing)BiodieselStandardization20022012Management of Organic WasteFeedstock Production (Outsourcing)Biomass Pretreatment BiodieselBiodiesel Energy Crops Energy Crops Waste Waste Sugars SugarsCore Technologies for Bioethanol Micro-organism GenomicsAnaerobicDigestionBiomassGasifica
30、tionNew BiodieselProduction TechnologyCogenerationTechnologyCommercialization StudyBioethanolRepublic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaThe R&D projects have been divided into two categories; The R&D projects have been divided into two categories; short term projects and long term projectsshort term projects
31、 and long term projectsThe The thermochemicalthermochemical conversion process and anaerobic conversion process and anaerobic digestion have been chosen as short term projects which digestion have been chosen as short term projects which can be commercialized by 2006can be commercialized by 2006All
32、other biological conversion processes including All other biological conversion processes including ethanol production from ethanol production from lignocellulosiclignocellulosic biomass and bio- biomass and bio-hydrogen were put into long term projects that will take hydrogen were put into long term projects that will take 10 years or longer to commercialize. 10 years or longer to commercialize. 4. Future Prospect4. Future ProspectRepublic of KoreaRepublic of Korea
