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1、8/9/2024 英 美 概 况 Survey of Britain and America 8/9/8/9/2024ContentsContentsBritain 1. Geography 2. History 3. Culture 4. Social Life 5. Political System 8/9/2024DisciplinesDisciplines1. Prepare well before class.2. Take notes.termsKey pointsStructuresUseful sentences in the text3. Listen carefully i
2、n class and volunteer to participate.4. Go over what you have learned after 8/9/2024 Union Jackis the name of British national flag. The color blue is the background and its elementary color. The crosses refer to the unity of this nation by means of religion. EnglandScotlandI8/9/2024National Flower:
3、 rose The National Day: Thursday of the second week in June.Anthem: God Save the Queen 8/9/2024Chapter OneChapter OneA Brief Introduction to Physical G8/9/2024Geographical FeaturesGeographical FeaturesWhere does Britain lie?What is its full name? What is the total land area of the United Kingdom?8/9
4、/2024 the Map of U.K8/9/2024Chapter IChapter I . Location:Northwestern Europewest of Netherlands & Denmarktotal area: 242 534 square kilometersIn the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europethe English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east north of F8/9/2024English ChannelA na
5、rrow sea A narrow sea passage which passage which separates England separates England and France and and France and connects the connects the Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean and North Sea.and North Sea.The narrowest The narrowest part is called part is called the the Straits of DoverStraits of Dover.
6、. (which is only (which is only 33km across.)33km across.)B8/9/2024II. Different Names for Britain and its Parts1. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2.The Definition of The UK., Great Britain and England.EnglandScotlandWalesNorthern Ireland Great Britain Ireland
7、 hundreds of small ones.The UKGreat Britain3.The British Isles:8/9/2024Chapter IChapter IIII. Four political divisions:1. England: southern portion of Britain the largest part ( 60%)most important part in wealth, size, and population including London2. Scotland: northern portion of Britain 1707, the
8、 Act of Union different Scottish legal procedure Gaelic is spoken in some Highlands.capital: Edinburgh 8/9/2024the Act of Union 合并法合并法 In 1707, Scotland, the Kingdom of England and Wales were joined as “the kingdom of Great Britain” (大不列颠王国). In 1801, Ireland was joined and the name became “the unit
9、ed Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland” ( 大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国). In 1921, the six Northern Irish counties remained in the union of Great Britain, while the others obtained autonomy, so the name of the country was “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland” ( 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)8/9/20243. Northern
10、 Ireland: 6 Irish countiesIn 1921 other countries got autonomy.population: Protestant majority (English & Scottish origin) and Roman Catholic minority( Celtic origin)capital: Belfast 4. Wales: west partIt joined Britain in the 14th century.Welsh is also Spoken. Capital: C8/9/2024Topography: 14 physi
11、ographic provincesThe north and west - highlandsThe east and southeast - lowlands 1. Scotland: three natural zonesA. Scottish Highlands: east to northeast, in the North, mountainous Ben Nevis- the highest mountain Clyde - the most important 8/9/2024B. Midland Valley: central lowlands, east to northe
12、ast, lower hills & rolling countryC. Southern Uplands: broad rounded hills2. Wales: mountainous north part: hills & moorland central part: plateau for sheep and cattle 3. Northern Ireland: fertile, drumlin country and a broad plateau in the North 8/9/20244. England:PenninesThe backbone of EnglandLak
13、e Districtlow hillsuplandsplateaucultivated plain 8/9/2024Climate: A maritime type of climate1. mild-moderated by Atlantic Gulf Stream temperature: -5 to 242. rain- every month, max in Feb.& Aug. annual rainfall: 26-100 inches3. sunshine- fewer4. weather conditions- vary 8/9/2024 Rivers1. longest -
14、the River Severn2. second largest -the River Thames3. Features The main rivers run from north to south. Westward flowing streams attain the Atlantic in relatively short reaches.The rivers draining east from the main water parting are 8/9/2024The rivers flowing into English Channel are mainly short.Rivers in Britain do not freeze in winter.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh (内湖）in Northern Ireland. 8/9/8/9/8/9/8/9/2024Chapter I
