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1、定语从句定语从句Attributive Clause1.不懂装懂，一事无成不懂装懂，一事无成. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything , is indeed a good-fornothing.2.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.3.万事开头难万事开头难 Its the first step that costs.4.千里之行，始于足下。千里之行，始于足下。 He who would climb t
2、hat ladder must begin at the bottom. 定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分分词词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。等来担任，修饰名词。(以以分词、介词短语为例）分词、介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 定语从句定语从句 在英语中，修饰在英语中，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的的句子句子叫定语从句。叫定语从句。 例：例： The girl who is behind the tree
3、 is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.先行词和关系词先行词和关系词q先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。q关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。q先行词、关系词先行词、关系词/引导词引导词 代替代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行词先行词关系词关系词 bikeq关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。语从句中充当某种成分。关系代词如何引导
4、定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句q普通代词与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sisterI have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q普通代词普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例：只起代替的作用（如上例she)q关系代词关系代词： （如上例（如上例who/which） 1. 除了除了代替代替先行词外，先行词外， 2.它还在定语从句中它还在定语从句中担任担任一定的一定的成分成分， 3. 同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）定语
5、从句。（把主句和从句连起来）The woman who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.(主句主句) The woman is my mother(从句从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.主语是单数主语是单数The women who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.(主句主句)The women are famous scientists.(从句从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.主语是
6、复数主语是复数关系代词的使用方法关系代词的使用方法定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。 1.that, which多指物，在从句中作主语主语或作动词的宾语宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.） 1) A plane is a machine that can fly.1. A plane is a machine which can fly.2. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened
7、yesterday?3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost? Have you found the bike 省略 you lost? 3. who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语) 1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that wer
8、ent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. 2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher we met yesterday.4.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人它既可以代人也可以代物。也可以代物。 1. I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .2. Please show me the book . Its
9、cover is red. 3. Ill call a person. His father knows you. I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book whose cover is red.Ill call a person whose father knows you.1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .
10、2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there.注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after, look at v关系代词与介词关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物, 和和whom代人。代人。(
11、介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词关系词可以省略可以省略)我住的房间非常大我住的房间非常大.1. The room (that) I live in is very big.2. The room (which) I live in is very big.3. The room in which I live is very big.4. The room where I live is very big.4).I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrot
12、e the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for. 定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项v 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词th
13、at,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词序数词修饰修饰时时,只能用只能用that引导从句引导从句. This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting ( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是先行词是all,something, nothing, anything 不不定代定代词词时时,只能用只能用that. Here is somet
14、hing ( that) I will tell you.3.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that引出从引出从句句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.4.先行词是先行词是one of, the one, 或用或用 little, few, no, all,any 作修饰，用作修饰，用that Is it the one that you want ?We havent got much that we can offer you.5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或
15、which时，关系词用时，关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?v从例句中看出，从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以在许多情况下可以通通用用，但，但有时宜用有时宜用who,而而不用不用that1.先行词是先行词是one(s), anyone, someone, those时，时，关系词使用关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has noth
16、ing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词用关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.附加部分附加部分 关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有具有 数种作用。数种作用。o 在从句中代替先行词。在句中在从句中代替先行词。在句中作状语作状语。o连接作用，把两个
17、句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。合句。 关系副词关系副词有有三种三种： where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点. when: 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。 why: 在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。where 引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词，用抽象名词，用where引导定语从句引导定语从句,在从句做在从句做状语。状语。This is the town where I spe
18、nt my childhood.The table where she is sitting is a new one.Can you think of a situation where you may use this expression?(= in which )(= at which )注意注意 1若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或或that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。The library _ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _ was built in the 1930
19、s,needs repairing.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.wherewhichwhich注意注意 2 2区分区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句引导的定语从句和状语从句where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。是状语从句。When you read books, you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.When you read books , yo
20、u had better make a mark where you have any questions.when 引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。先行词是表示时间的名词，用先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引引导定语从句导定语从句,在从句作状语。在从句作状语。Ill never forget the day when I met you.This was the time when he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be busy.(= on which )( =at
21、which )注意注意:若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或或that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent on campus.Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.whenwhichthatwhichthatwhy引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。先行词是表示原因的名词，在从句中作状语。先行词是表示原因的名词，在从句中作状语。This is the
22、 reason why ( = for which ) I didnt come here.The reason _ she gave was not true.whichthatI.把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句.1.The little girl was crying on the street. Her money had been stolen.2.The colour of the bike is green. Have you seen the bike?3.The student didnt agree with us. The stud
23、ent was standing under the tree.The little girl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street.Have you seen the bike whose colour is green?The student who was standing under the tree didnt agree with us.4. The letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday. 5. Im reading a book. Its name i
24、s “Who Moved My Cheese” 6.He works in a school. There is a big store near it.7.He used to live in a house.In front of it grew many apple trees.The letter(that/which) I received yesterday is from my friend. Im reading a book whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese” He works in a school near which there is
25、 a big store .He used to live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees.1.This is the engineer _ (给我们作关于计算机报告的给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other day.2.My necklace is not _ (唯一唯一不见的东西）不见的东西）3.The man_ (在这间房在这间房子里工作的子里工作的) is a chemist.4.The old building _ (我们我们住的住的)has been here for 30 years.5.The hist
26、ory book _ (封封皮是黄的）皮是黄的）was lost.who gave us a talk about computersthe only thing thats missingwho works in the room(that/which) we live inwhose cover is yellow6.Here is the pen _ (你你昨天丢失的）昨天丢失的）7.This is the best book _ (我读过的）我读过的）8.I have lost the pen _（我父（我父亲给我买的）亲给我买的）9.Wheat is a plant _（中（中国北方
27、种植的）国北方种植的）10.I dont like the people _ (说得说得多可做得少的）多可做得少的） (that) you lost yesterday.(that) I have read(which/that) my father bought me which/that is grown in the north of Chinawho talk too much but do little1.The girl who is sitting next to my mother is my sister. （将定从改为现在分词（将定从改为现在分词作定语）作定语）The gi
28、rl sitting next to my mother is my sister.2. The man stealing the diamond yesterday has been caught.（将现在分（将现在分词改为定从）词改为定从）The man who stole the diamond yesterday has been caught.3. The gold ring which was lost yesterday is said to have been found.（将定从改为分词作定语）（将定从改为分词作定语）The gold ring lost yesterday is said to have been found.4. The car damaged yesterday is being repaired in the garage. （将分（将分词改为定从）词改为定从）The car which was damaged yesterday is being repaired in the garage.
