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1、SummaryIt is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition. What is a summary?Basic requirements 1. No commentsDont share your own opinion about the issue. 2. No detailsOmit detailed information, examples and dialogues. 3. No copyingDont copy the
2、 original sentences.Condense（缩写）sentences. 4. CoherenceUse the shortest possible transitions,like however,besides,because etc. 5. Number of wordsWrite in about 60 words(40-80).Tips: Ways of condensationUse synonyms or synonymous phrases.01He knew English well. He had a very good command of English.
3、Turn complex sentences into simple ones.02He received a welcome that was as cold as ice. He received a(n)_welcome. icyCombine the sentences.03Hurry up _ youll miss the train. Hurry up. If you dont, youll miss the train. Replace direct speech with indirect speech.04Mary looked at Jerry disapprovingly
4、 and said, “You put too much salt on your food, Jerry. Stop it.” Mary asked Jerry not to put too much salt on his food.orSummary Passage AWhat would you do when you feel unhappy?Will you complain to others?complainABCReadingandunderstandingNarrationWhat is the style of Passage A?ArgumentationExposit
5、ion (说明文)Read for the structure.The elements of an argumentationla strong statement of opinion lsupporting evidencethe topic sentencesupporting sentencesPractice: summary writingStep oneFind the topic sentence in Para 1Step twoUnderline the supporting sentences in Para 2，3 and 4Step threeSummarize i
6、t in your own words, using transitions to make it coherent.Para1Therearetimeswhennothingseemstobeworkinginourfavor.Wemayusecomplainingasacopingmechanismwhenwearetrulyunhappy.However,therearemanytimeswhenwedonttryourbestandjustwantthingstoworkourway.Wemaytrytocoverourfaultsbycomplainingabouttheunfair
7、nessofitall.Theseareexpressivecomplaintswherethecomplainerjustwantstoletouthis/herangerorfrustration,withnorealintentionofsolvingtheproblem.Thecomplainerexpectspityandrecognitionfromthelistenersalthoughtheresultsoftendisappointhim/her.Sometimes people use complaining to let out bad feelings instead
8、of solving problems. summarize Para1Para2Sometimes,weusecomplaintsasaconversationstarter.Conversationsthatstartwithacomplaintoftenhaveadominoeffect.Itmaycausethelistenertoincludehis/hercomplaintsintheconversationaswell,whichmakesyouthinkthatyouarenottheonlyonefacingproblems.However,yourgoodfeelingwo
9、ntlastlongaslongasyouarealwaysfocusingonthenegative.It wont make you happy because you always focus on the negative.summarize Para 2Para3Whencomplainingbecomesahabit,youcomplaintoanyonethatcomesaround.Negativitythatcomesfromcomplainingkillscreativityandinnovation(创新新).Habitualcomplainersarelesslikel
10、ytocomeupwithnewideas,astheyarebusyfindingfaultsanddiscourageothersfromtryingnewthingsbymakingthemfeelthattheywontwork.Whenyouspendtimewithpeoplewhoconstantlycomplain,youarelikelytoviewthingsinanegativelight.Thiswillmakethingsworse.Thiscanaffectthewayyouperceiveyourownsituation,andeventhepeoplearoun
11、dyou.Hanging out with habitual complainers may affect the way you see things in a negative pespective, which can also kill your creativity. summarize Para 3Para4Thoughexpressingyourfeelingsmaymomentarilyimproveyourstateofmind,itcouldsometimeshaveabadeffectonthelistenersstateofmind.Arecentstudyhassho
12、wnthatatsocialgatheringswhilepeoplewhoareunhappymayjoinyouwhenyouplaythevictimatthebeginning,themajoritywouldstartavoidingyoubecauseofyournegativity.People usually try to avoid a person who is always complaining. summarize Para 4 supporting evidence.(Para 2，3&4) , your good feeling wont last long as
13、 long as you are always focusing on the negative.Negativity that comes from complaining kills creativity and innovation.When you spend time with people who constantly complain, you are likely to view things in a negative light. , the majority would start avoiding you because of your negativity. The
14、key words:complainnegative/negativitynegative.NplainWhat do you think of the two summaries of Passage A ? According to the criteria,give your comments. We may complain when we are unhappy. The complainer hopes that listeners can show pity to him, but the results are often unsatisfactory. If people a
15、lways complain, they cant think of creative ideas, as they are devoted to finding faults and discourage others from trying something new. Meanwhile, when you talk with people who always complain, you may be influenced and view things negatively. Though expressing your feelings may momentarily improv
16、e your state of mind, it could sometimes have a bad effect on the listeners state of mind. Sample14.copytheoriginalsentence1.morethan80words2.tedious3.containdetailedinformation We may complain when we are unhappy. We expect others pity and recognition. We cant feel truly happy when we always think
17、in a negative way. If you are used to complaining in your conversation, listeners may also view things negatively. They will finally avoid you. I think we shouldnt always complain to others when things dont go smoothly.lackcoherencecontainasubjectivecommentSample2 Sometimes people use complaining to
18、 let out bad feelings instead of solving problems. _, it wont make you happy because you always focus on the negative. _, hanging out with habitual complainers may affect the way you see things in a negative pespective which can also kill your creativity. And people usually try to avoid a person who
19、 is always complaining. Possible version :HoweverBesidesUsing what we have learnt today write your own summary. CriteriaBrief-about 60 wordsCompletethoroughoriginalCoherentHomeworkGive comments on your deskmates summary according to the criteria.Read Passage B in your work sheet and write a summary of about 60 words for it using what we have learned in this class.Thankyou!29以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，谢谢大家！以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，谢谢大家！
