2015年6月四级真题及答案解析(三套全)

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 D) To inquire about the shortest route to drive home. 15. A) Join a tourist group.B) Choose a major airline. C) Avoid trips in public holidays.D) Book tickets as early as possible. Section B Passag

2、e One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) There are mysterious stories behind his works. B) There are many misunderstandings about him. C) His works have no match worldwide. D) His personal history is little known. 17. A) He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his child

3、hood. B) He failed to go beyond grammar school. C) He was a member of the town council. D) He once worked in a well-known acting company. 18. A) Writers of his time had no means to protect their works. B) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. C) His works were adapted beyond recog

4、nition. D) People of his time had little interest in him. Passage Two Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) It shows you have been ignoring you health. B) It can seriously affect your thinking process. C) It is an early warning of some illness. D) It is a symptom of

5、 too much pressure. 20. A) Reduce our workload.B) Control our temper. C) Use painkillers for relief.D) Avoid masking symptoms. 21. A) Lying down and having some sleep.B) Rubbing and pressing ones back. C) Going out for a walk.D) Listening to light music. Passage Three Questions 22 to 25 are based on

6、 the passage you have just heard. 22. A) Depending heavily on loans.B) Having no budget plans at all. C) Spending beyond ones means.D) Leaving no room for large bills. 23. A) Many of them can be cut.B) Alt of them have to be covered. C) Their payment cannot be delayed.D) The eat up most of the famil

7、y income. 24. A) Rent a house instead of buying one.B) Discuss the problem in the family. C) Make a conservation plan.D) Move to a cheaper place. 25. A) Financial issues plaguinga family.B) Difficulty in making both ends meet. C) Family budget problems and solutions.D) New ways to boost family incom

8、e. Section C Perhaps because going to college is so much a part of the American dream, many people go 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 for no(26)_reason. Some go because their parents expect it, others because its what their friends are doing.Then, theres the belief that a col

9、lege degree will(27)_ensure a good job and high pay. Some students (28)_ through for years ,attending classes, or skipping(逃课) them as the case may be, reading only what cant be avoided, looking for less(29)_courses,and never being touched or changed in any important way. For a few of these people,

10、college provides no(30)_, yet because of parental or peer pressure, they cannot voluntarily leave. They stop trying in the hope that their teachers will make the decision for them by(31)_ them. To put it bluntly(直截了当地)，unless youre willing to make your college years count, you might be(32)_ doing so

11、mething else. Not everyone should attend college, nor should everyone who does attend begin right after high school. Many college students(33)_ taking a year or so off. A year out in the world helps some people to(34)_their priorities and goals. If youre really going to get something out of going to

12、 college, you have to make it mean something, and to do that you must have some idea why youre there, what you hope to get out of it, and (35)_even what you hope to become. Part III Reading Comprehension Section A Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. Its our guilty pleasure: Watchi

13、ng TV is the most common everyday activity, after work andsleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we knowthat spending so much time sitting36 can lead to obesity ( 肥 胖 症 ) and other diseases,researchers have now quantified just how37 being a couch potat

14、o can be. In an analysis of data from eight large38 published studies, a Harvard-led group reportedin the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel39 , the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heartdisease incr

15、eased 15% over a40 , and the odds of dying prematurely41 13% during aseven-year follow-up. All of these42 are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But comparedwith other sedentary (久坐的) activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially43 atpromoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer numbe

16、r of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs thetime we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer andpopcorn may make you more likely to44 them. Even so, the authors admit that they didnt compare different sedentary activities to45 whether TV watching was linked to a g

17、reater risk of diabetes, heart disease or early deathcompared with, say, reading. A) climbed F) harmful K) suffered B) consume G) outcomes L) surfing C) decade H) passively M) term D) determine I) previously N) terminals E) effective J) resume O) twisting Section B Essay-Grading Software Offers Prof

18、essors a Break A Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 froma professor a few weeks later, clicking the “send button when you are clone and receiving agrade back instantly, your essay scored by

19、 a software program. And then, instead of being clonewith that exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try toimprove your grade. B EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to offer courses on the Internet

20、, has just introduced such a system and will make itsautomated (自动的) software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it.The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers,fleeing professors for other tasks. C The new service will bring

21、 the educational consortium (联盟) into a growing conflict over therole of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice andtrue-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essayanswers has not yet received widespread accepta

22、nce by educators and has many critics. D Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of EdX, predicted that the instant- grading software would be a useful teaching tool, enabling students to take tests and writeessays over and over and improve the quality of their answers. He said the te

23、chnology wouldoffer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait daysor weeks for grades. “There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback, Dr. Agarwalsaid. “Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback. E But skeptics (疑心者) say

24、 the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtimecritic, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsenseessays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the softw

25、are compares well to human graders. F He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating apetition (呼吁) opposingautomated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against MachineScoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2,000 sig

26、natures,including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky. G “Lets face the realities of automatic essay scoring, the groups statement reads in part. “Computers cannot read. They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense

27、, ethical (伦理的) position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others. H But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offers freeonline classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; this fall, it willadd classes

28、from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universitiesparticipate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans tocontinue to expand next year, including adding international schools. I The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or

29、graders, to first grade 100 essays oressay questions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself tobe able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. Thesoftware will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the te

30、acher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical (数字的) rank. J EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to gradewritten test answers, and four statesLouisiana, North Da

31、kota, Utah and West Virginia 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimentedwith it. In some cases the software is used as a “second reader, to check the reliability of thehuman graders. K But the

32、growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a jointeducational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology. L Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recentl

33、y founded by Stanford faculty members to create“massive open online courses, or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. “It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally

34、 gravitating (吸引) toward resubmitting the work until they get it right, said Daphne Koller, a computer scientistand a founder of Coursera. MLast year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100,000 prizes aimed at

35、 improving softwarethat grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner ofone of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessmentsoftware. N “One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically, said Victor Vuchic,

36、a programofficer at the Hewlett Foundation. “Its probably impossible to do that with multiple-choicetests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and theytake a lot more time. O Mark D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the He

37、wlettFoundations contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. Inhis view, the technologythough imperfecthas a place in educational settings. P With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningfulfeedback on writing assignments,

38、 he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tendedto come from the nations best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than atmost schools. Q “Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job ofproviding feedback than a machine ev

39、er could, Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack ofappreciation of what is actually going on in the real world. 46. Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to automated essay grading. 47. Using software to grade students essays saves teachers time for

40、 other work. 48. The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software. 49. Though the automated grading System is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automated essaygrading is still criticized by many educators. 50. Some people dont believe the software grading system can do as good a job

41、as human graders. 51. Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famousuniversities. 52. Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computerrating programs. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 53. As clas

42、s size grows, most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how toimprove their writing. 54. The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of humangraders. Section C Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Some of the wo

43、rlds most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes fromagriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarelytalked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the worlds major crops. A newstudy by the University of Minne

44、sota and McGillUniversity in Montreal looks at where, and howfar, this decline is occurring. The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat, corn and soyabeans (大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields

45、that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s. There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the worlds most populous (人口多的) countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative st

46、ability both within the countries and on world foodmarkets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted ifyields continue to slow down or reverse. Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This isproblematic because wheat and rice are more important as f

47、oods, accounting for around half of allcalories consumed. Com and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that“we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars ratherthan on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much

48、 of the world. The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that theworld will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050,as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued. Instead, it says, thanks to slowing po

49、pulation growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert (回返) to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen. 56. What does the author try to draw attention to? A) Food riots an

50、d hunger in the world. B) News headlines in the leading media. C) The decline of the grain yield growth. D) The food supply in populous countries. 57. Why does the author mention India and China in particular? A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets. B) Their food y

51、ields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years. C) Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns. D) Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted. 58. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts? A) They fail to produce the same re

52、markable results as before the 1980s. B) They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production. C) They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human f

53、ood grains. 59. What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in thecoming decades? A) The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies. B) The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution. C) The slowdown

54、 of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed. D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland. 60. How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation? A) It is built on the findings of a new study. B) It is based on a doubtful

55、 assumption. C) It is backed by strong evidence. D) It is open to further discussion. Passage Two Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage. The endless debate about “work-life balance often contains a hopeful footnote about stay-at-home dads. IfAmerican society and business wont make it

56、 easier on future female leaders whochoose to have children, there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of full-time fatherswill. But based on todays socioeconomic trends, this hope is, unfortunately, misguided. Its true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as full

57、-time parents hasdoubled in a decade, but its still very small: only 0.8% of married couples where the stay-at-homefather was out of the labor force for a year. Even that percentage is likely inflated by men thrustinto their caretaker role by a downsizing. This is simply not a large enough group to

58、reduce the social stigma (污名) and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decision, even if only for a relatively short time. Even shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficult. A study foundthat 85% of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a

59、childbut for all but a few, its aweek or two at most. Meanwhile, the average for women who take leave is more than 10 weeks. Such choices impact who moves up in the organization. While youre away, someone else isdoing your work, making your sales, taking care of your customers. That cant help y ou a

60、t work. Itcan only hurt you. Women, of course, face the same issues of returning after a long absence. Butwith many more women than men choosing to leave the workforce entirely to raise families, returning from an extended parental leave doesnt raise as many eyebrows as it does for men. Women would

61、make more if they didnt break their earning trajectory (轨迹) by leaving the workforce, or if higher-paying professions were more family-friendly. In the foreseeable future,stay-at-home fathers may make all the difference for individual families, but their presence wontreduce the numbers of high-poten

62、tial women who are forced to choose between family and career. 61. What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work-life balance? A) More men taking an extended parental leave. B) Peoples changing attitudes towards family. C) More women entering business management. D) The improvement of their socioec

63、onomic status. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 62. Why does the author say the hope for more full-time fathers is misguided? A) Women are better at taking care of children. B) Many men value work more than their family. C) Their number is too small to make a difference. D) No

64、t many men have the chance to stay at home. 63. Why do few men take a long parental leave? A) A long leave will have a negative impact on their career. B) They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work. C) The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear. D) They are likely t

65、o get fired if absent from work for too long. 64. What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave? A) Jealousy. B) Surprise. C) Admiration. D) Sympathy. 65. What does the author say about high-potential women in the not-too-distant future? A) They will benefit from

66、the trend of more fathers staying at home. B) They will find high-paying professions a bit more family-friendly. C) They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family. D) They will still face the difficult choice between career and children. Part IV Translation (30 minutes) 据报道，今年中

67、国快递效劳(courier service)将递送大约 120 亿包裹。这将使中国有可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。 大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。 中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的时机。仅在 11 月 11 日，中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台购置了价值 90 亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递业在中国扩展就缺乏为奇了。 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 2021 年 6 月四级第二套 Part II Listening Comprehension Section A 1

68、. A) The woman should go on playing chess. B) He is willing to play chess with the woman. C) The woman has good reason to quit the game. D) He will give the woman some tips on the game. 2. A) She would like to resume contact with Sally. B) The man can forward the mail to Mary. C) She can call Mary t

69、o take care of the mail. D) Mary probably knows Sallys new address. 3. A)He did not attend todays class. B) His notes are not easy to read. C) His handwriting has a unique style. D) He is very pleased to be able to help. 4. A) The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating. B) The new restaurant c

70、aught her fancy immediately. C) The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant. D) The man had better choose another restaurant. 5. A) He will help the woman put things away. B) He has been waiting for the winter sale. C) He has been looking forward to spring. D) He will clean the womans boots. 6

71、. A) The woman often works overtime at weekends. B) The man often lends books to the woman. C) The man appreciates the womans help. D) The woman is rather forgetful. 7. A) Take a sightseeing trip. B) Go to work on foot. C) Start work earlier than usual. D) Take a walk when the weather is nice. 8. A)

72、 Temporary closing has disturbed the airports operation. B) The plane is going to land at another airport. C) All flights have been delayed due to bad weather. D) The airports management is in real need of improvement. Questions 9 to 12 are based oh the conversation you have just heard. 9. A) It spe

73、cializes in safety from leaks. B) It is headquartered in London. C) It has a chemical processing plant. D) It has a partnership with LCP. 10. A) He is a safety inspector. B) He is Mr. Grands friend. C) He is a chemist. D) He is a salesman. 11. A) The public relations officer. B)Head of the personnel

74、 department. C) Mr. Grands personal assistant. D) Director of the safety department. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 12. A) Send a comprehensive description of their work. B) Provide details of their products and services. C) Leave a message for Mr. Grand. D) Wait for Mr. Gra

75、nd to call back. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 13. A) She listened to recordings of many European orchestras. B) She read a lot about European musicians and their music. C) She dreamed of working and living in a European country. D) She learned playing the vio

76、lin from a famous French musician. 14. A) She was a pupil of a famous European violinist. B) She gave her first performance with her father. C) She became a professional violinist at fifteen. D) She began taking violin lessons as a small child. 15. A) It was the chance of a lifetime. B) It was a gre

77、at challenge to her. C) It gave her a chance to explore the city. D) It helped her learn classical French music. Section B Passage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) There are mysterious stories behind his works. B) His personal history is little known. C) Hi

78、s works have no match worldwide. D) There are many misunderstandings about him. 17. A) He once worked in a well-known acting company. B) He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood. C) He failed to go beyond grammar school. D) He was a member of the town council. 18. A) People of his time had lit

79、tle interest in him. B) His works were adapted beyond recognition. C)Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. D)Writers of his time had no means to protect their works. Passage Two Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) Theft. B) Air crash.C)Cheating.

80、 D) Road accidents. 20. A) Learn the local customs. B) Have the right documents. C) Book tickets well in advance. D) Make hotel reservations. 21. A) Contact your agent. B) Use official transport. C) Get a lift ifpossible. D) Have a friend meet you. Passage Three Questions 22 to 25 are based on the p

81、assage you have just heard. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 22. A) Cut down production cost. B) Refine the taste of his goods. C) Sell inexpensive products. D) Specialize in gold ornaments. 23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople. B) During a local sales promotion c

82、ampaign. C) During a live television interview. D) At a national press conference. 24. A) Discouraged. B) Distressed.C)Puzzled. D) Insulted. 25. A) He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first. B) There should be a limit to ones sense of humor. C) He who never learns from the past is bound to

83、fail. D) The words of some businesspeople are just rubbish. Section C Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very well. Yet economic indicators show the world is (26) _. Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties,global economic output increased by more than a fif

84、th during the (27) _. The economygrew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created. How can biological indicators showthe (28) _ of economic indicators? The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that (29) _ progress and th

85、ose uses that will hurt it. The main measureof economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). (30) _, this totals the value ofall goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment. Developeda half-century ago, GNP helped (31) _ a common way among countries of

86、 measuringchange in economic output. For some time, this seemed to work (32) _ well, but seriousweaknesses are now appearing. As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories andequipment, but it does not (33) _ the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewableresources such as oil

87、or renewable resources such as forests. This basic fault can produce a (34) _ sense of national economic health. Accordingto GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve theirforests. The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made

88、for (35) _ the forests. Part III Reading Comprehension Section A Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is _36_the launch of the Excellent Educators for A

89、ll Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most. “All children are37to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is38important that we provide teachers and principals the support th

90、ey need to help students reach their full39, U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said. “Despite the excellent work and deep40of our nations teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high-minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and ed

91、ucators will41their own creative solutions, but we must work together to42our focus on 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 how to better recruit, support and43effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most. Todays announcement is anothe

92、r important step forward in improving access to quality education, a44of President Obamas year of action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the45of working in high-need schools and how to adapt promising

93、practices for supporting great educators in these schools. A) announcing F) contests K) entitled B) beneficial G) critically L) potential C) challenges H) develop M)properly D) commitment I) distributing N)qualified E) component J) enhance O)retain Section B The Changes Facing Fast Food A Fast-food

94、firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts regularly criticize them severely for selling food that makes people fat. Critics even complain that McDonalds, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have le

95、arnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy. B Fat food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, the logic

96、goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such “trading downproved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with

97、discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals. C As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2021 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, bur total sales remained about the same at fas

98、t-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonalds, the worlds largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn, Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients

99、, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants. D But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more fre

100、quently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carls Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonalds, which increased spending on advertising by mor

101、e than 7% last year as others cut back. E Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive i

102、tems. But in many cases that strategy did not work. Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人) sued (起诉) the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 to sell these for $1 when they cost $1.10

103、 to make. In May a judge ruled in favor of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its “value menu; mow account for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October. F Analysts expect the fast-food i

104、ndustry to grow modestly this year. But the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱) consumers away from $1 specials. KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Bell and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich tha

105、t costs around $5. And in May Burger King introduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight. G Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks, McDonalds started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe line now accounts for an estimated 6

106、% of sales in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattles Best coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year. H As fast-food companies shift from“super sizeto “more buys, they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportu

107、nity, and just for fatty food. McDonalds will start selling porridge(粥)in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as

108、 blended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, “we can sell to consumers products they want all day,; says Rick Carucci, the chief financial offers of Yun! Brands. I But when about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided g

109、overnment regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症). These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners tha

110、t include some people who dont want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries. J In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough. “Every packaged -food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now, says Mr. Palmer

111、 of UBS. Americas health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve to the menu. A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posti

112、ng law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-amount per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunkin Donuts outlet was nearbya sign, it is said, that menu-labeling could favor chains that have more healthy offerings. KIn order to avoid other legi

113、slation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to continue innovating (创新), Wait Riker of McDonalds claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago , “We probably sell more vegetables, more milk, more salads, some apples than

114、any restaurant business in the world,he says. But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonalds from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals, because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggest there is a lot more left to do. 46. Some people propose l

115、aws be made to stop McDonalds from attaching toys to its food its food 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 specials for children. 47. Fast-food firms may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future. 48. Burger King will start to sell Seattles Best c

116、offee to increase sales. 49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem. 50. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money. 51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession. 52. During

117、 the recession, Burger Kings promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective. 53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast. 54. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items. 55. A newly-passed la

118、w asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu. Section C Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜) keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this weeks Nature shows tha

119、t while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas (黑瘤) and delays their occurrence, it cant prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melano

120、mas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure. There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomasthe evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 20

121、21 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didnt have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongsid

122、e other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protectionnot sunscreenseemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so its not entirely reliable.

123、But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun. Many people also dont use sunscreen properly-applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying-recent shows five

124、episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers. The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for

125、 us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上) sunscreen and slap on a hat. 56. What is peoples common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen? 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 A) It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer. B) It will protect them from sunburn. C) It will keep the

126、ir skin smooth and fair. D) It will work for people of any skin color. 57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen? A) It is ineffective in preventing melanomas. B) It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight. C) It is ineffective with long-term exposure. D) It is ineffe

127、ctive for people with fair skin. 58. What do we learn from the 2021Australian study of 1,621 people? A) Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures. B) High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen. C) Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm

128、than good. D) Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas. 59. What does the author say about the second Australian study? A) It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection. B) It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen. C) It is not based on direct obs

129、ervation of the subjects. D) It confirms the results of the first Australian study. 60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates? A) Using both covering up and sunscreen. B) Staying in the shade whenever possible. C) Using covering up instead of sunscreen. D) Applying the right amount o

130、f sunscreen. Passage Two Questions 62 to 65are based on the following passage. Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-sc

131、hool certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound. The world

132、is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿) translated

133、 into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle ol

134、d misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育顶峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped o

135、ut of the workforce. Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, mea

136、ns that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档

137、来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age. 61. What is happening in the workforce in rich

138、 countries? A) Younger people are replacing the elderly. B) Well-educated people tend to work longer. C) Unemployment rates are rising year after year. D) People with no college degree do not easily find work. 62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor? A) Longer life ex

139、pectancies. B) Profound changes in the workforce. C) A rapid technological advance. D) A growing number of the well-educated. 63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century? A) Economic growth will slow down. B) Government budgets will increase. C) More people will

140、try to pursue higher education. D) There will be more competition in the job market. 64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries? A) Unskilled workers may choose to retire early. B) More people have to receive in-service training. C) Even wealthy people must work longer to live co

141、mfortably in retirement. D) People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans. 65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century? A) Computers will do more complicated work. B) More will be taken by the educated young. C) Most jobs to be done will be creative ones. D) Ski

142、lls are highly valued regardless of age. Part IV Translation (30 minutes) 中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。 构成现在世界根底的许多元素都起源于中国。 中国现在拥有世界上开展最快的经济， 并经历着一次新的工业革命。 中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索方案，其实包括到 2021 年建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2021 年，中国超越日本成为第二大经济体。 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. w

143、ord 版 2021 年 6 月四级第三套 听力同第二套 Part III Reading Comprehension Section A Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. As a teacher, you could bring the community into your classroom in many ways. The parentsand grandparents of your students are resources and36 for their children. They can be3

144、7 teachers of their own traditions and histories. Immigrant parents could talk about theircountry of38 and why they emigrated to the United States. Parents can be invited to talk abouttheir jobs or a community project. Parents, of course, are not the only community resources. Employees at local busi

145、nesses and staff at community agencies have39 information to shareinclassrooms. Field trips provide another opportunity to know the community. Many students dont have theopportunity to40 concerts or visit museums or historical sites except through field trips. Aschool district should have41 for sele

146、cting and conducting field trips. Families must be made42 of field trips and give permission for their children to participate. Through school projects, students can learn to be43 in community projects ranging fromplanting trees to cleaning up a park to assisting elderly people. Students,44 older on

147、es, mightconduct research on a community need that could lead to action by a city council or state government.Some schools require students to provide community service by45 in a nursing home, childcare center or government agency. These projects help students understand their responsibility tothe l

148、arger community. A) assets F) expensive K) observe B) attend G) guidelines L) origin C) aware H) involved M) recruited D) especially I) joining N) up-to-date E) excellent J) naturally O) volunteering Section B Reaping the Rewards of Risk-Taking A Since Steve Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple

149、, much has been said about him as apeerless business leader who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided thedesign of hit products that are transforming entire industries, like music and mobile communications. B All true, but lets think different, to borrow the Apple marketing slogan

150、of years back. Letslook at Mr. Jobs as a role model. C Above all, he is an innovator (创新者). His creative force is seen in products such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and in new business models for pricing and distributing music and mobilesoftware online. Studies of innovation come to the same concl

151、usion: you cant engineerinnovation, but you can increase the odds of it occurring. And Mr. Jobs career can be 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 viewedas a consistent pursuit of improving those odds, both for himself and the companies he has led.Mr. Jobs, of course, has enjoyed

152、singular success. But innovation, broadly defined, is thecrucial ingredient in all economic progresshigher growth for nations, more competitiveproducts for companies, and more prosperous careers for individuals. And Mr. Jobs, manyexperts say, exemplifies what works in the innovation game. D “We can

153、look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation is, saysJohn Kao, an innovation consultant to corporations and governments. Many other nations, Mr. John Kao notes, are now ahead of the United States in producing what are considered the rawmaterials of innovation. These incl

154、ude government financing for scientific research, nationalpolicies to support emerging industries, educational achievement, engineers and scientistsgraduated, even the speeds of Internet broadband service. E Yet what other nations typically lack, Mr. Kao adds, is a social environment that encourages

155、diversity, experimentation, risk-taking, and combining skills from many fields into products that he calls “recombinant mash-ups (打碎重组), like the iPhone, which redefined the smartphone category. “The culture of other countries doesnt support the kind of innovationthat Steve Jobs exemplifies, as Amer

156、ica does, Mr. John Kao says. F Workers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuous learningare vital to thriving in the modem economy. Formal education matters, career counselors say,but real-life experience is often even more valuable. G An adopted child, growing up

157、 in Silicon Valley, Mr. Jobs displayed those traits early on. Hewas fascinated by electronics as a child, building Heathkit do-it-yourself projects, like radios.Mr. Jobs dropped out of ReedCollege after only a semester and traveled around India in searchof spiritual enlightenment, before returning t

158、o Silicon Valley to found Apple with his friend, Stephen Wozniak, an engineering wizard (奇才). Mr. Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, went off and founded two other companies, Next and Pixar, before returning to Apple in 1996and becoming chief executive in 1997. HHis path was unique, but innovatio

159、n experts say the pattern of exploration is not unusual. “Itsoften people like Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences thatoften generate breakthrough ideas and insights, says Hal Gregersen, a professor at the European Institute of Business Administration. I Mr. Gregerse

160、n is a co-author of a new book, The Innovators DNA, which is based on an eight-year study of 5,000 entrepreneurs (创业者) and executives worldwide. His two collaborators and co-authors are Jeff Dyer, a professor at Brigham Young University, and Clayton Christensen,a professor at the Harvard Business Sc

161、hool, whose 1997 book The Innovators Dilemma popularized the concept of “disruptive (颠覆性的) innovation. J The academics identify five traits that are common to the disruptive innovators: questioning,experimenting, observing, associating and networking. Their bundle of characteristics echoesthe ceasel

162、ess curiosity and willingness to take risks noted by other experts. Networking, Mr.Hal Gregersen explains, is less about career-building relationships than a consistent search fornew ideas. Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea-producing connections by linkingconcepts from different disc

163、iplines. K “Innovators engage in these mental activities regularly, Mr. Gregersen says. “Its a habit forthem. Innovative companies, according to the authors, typically enjoy higher valuations in the stock market, which they call an “innovation premium (溢价). It is calculated by 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，

164、如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 estimating the share of a companys value that cannot be accounted for by its current products and cash flow. The innovation premium tries to quantify (量化) investors bets that a company will do even better in the future because of innovation. L Apple, by their calcul

165、ations, had a 37 percent innovation premium during Mr. Jobs first termwith the company. His years in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation discount. After hisreturn, Apples fortunes improved gradually at first, and improved markedly starting in 2005, yielding a 52 percent innovation premium sinc

166、e then. MThere is no conclusive proof, but Mr. Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing, as he has done in his second term at Apple, without the experience outside the company, especially at Pixarthe computer-animation (动画制作) studio that created

167、 a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as “Toy Story and “Up. N Mr. Jobs suggested much thesame thing during a commencement address to the graduatingclass at StanfordUniversity in 2005. “It turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever hap

168、pened to me, he told the students. Mr. Jobs also spoke ofperseverance (坚持) and will power. “Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick, he said. “Dont lose faith. O Mr. Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to innovation, both in ones choice of workand in ones life. Be curious, experime

169、nt, take risks, he said to the students. His advice wasemphasized by the words on the back of the final edition of The Whole Earth Catalog, whichhe quoted: “Stay hungry. Stay foolish. “And, Mr. Jobs said, “I have always wished that formyself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for y

170、ou. 46. Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovate in his commencement address. 47. Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fired once by Apple. 48. Steve Jobs once used computers to make movies that were commercial hits. 49. Many governments have done more than the US government i

171、n providing the raw materials forinnovation. 50. Great innovators are good at connecting concepts from various academic fields. 51. Innovation is vital to driving economic progress. 52. America has a social environment that is particularly favorable to innovation. 53. Innovative ideas often come fro

172、m diverse experiences. 54. Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for career success. 55. Apples fortunes suffered from an innovation discount during Jobs absence. Section C Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. The Gatais used to frown when t

173、hey received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1 500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, a subdivision of 95 “zero-energy homes(ZEH) just outside town. Now theyre actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months theyve li

174、ved in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months they havent paid a cent. ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. PremierGardens is one of a half-dozen subdivisions in 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系

175、删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 California where every home cuts power consumption by 50%, mostly by using low-power appliances and solar panels. Aside from the panels on the roof, PremierGardens looks like a community of conventional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar h

176、eat in summer and retaining indoor warmth in winter. The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They dont just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utilitys power grid (电网). The residents are billed by “net metering :

177、 they pay for the amount of power they tap off the grid, less the kilowatts (千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero. That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but its not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when every

178、one rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. “It helps us lower usage at peak power times, “says solar expert Mike Keesee. “That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time. Whats not to like? Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25000 or more to t

179、he purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the consumer, its a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the utilities. 56. Why are the Gatais eager to see their electricity bills no

180、w? A) They want to know if they are able to pay.B) They want to cut down their utility expenses. C) They want to see how much they have saved.D) They want to avoid being overcharged. 57. What is special about the ZEH communities? A) They have created cutting-edge technologies. B) They are subdivided

181、 into half a dozen sections. C) They aim to be self-sufficient in power supply. D) They are built in harmony with the environment. 58. How are the residents in the ZEH communities billed for electricity use? A) They pay for the electricity from the grid less their home-generated power. B) They needn

182、t pay a single cent for their power consumption on sunny days. C) They only pay for the excess power that flows into the utilitys power grid. D) They are only charged for the amount of power they consume on rainy days. 59. What does the “net metering practice mean to the power company? A) More press

183、ure at peak time.B) Reduced operational costs. C) Increased electricity output.D) Less profits in the short term. 60. The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community _. A) is a worthy investment in the long runB) gives the owner substantial tax benefits C) is but a dream for average consu

184、mersD) contributes to environmental protection Passage Two Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage. Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots but our views about what makes an ideal romantic relationship can be swayed by the society we live in. So says psychologist Maureen OSullivan f

185、rom the University of San Francisco. She suggests that humans have always tried to strengthen the pair-bond to maximize (使最大化) reproductive success. Many societies throughout history and around the world today have cultivated strong 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 pressures t

186、o stay married. In those where ties to family and community are strong, lifelong marriages can be promoted by practices such as the cultural prohibition of divorce and arranged marriages that are seen as a contract between two families, not just two individuals. In modern western societies, however,

187、 the focus on individuality and independence means that people are less concerned about conforming to (遵守) the dictates of family and culture. In the absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds, OSullivan suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as the factor that should

188、 determine who we stay with and for how long. “Thats why historically we see an increase in romantic love as a basis for forming long-term relationships, she says. According to OSullivan culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect to have, and actually do experience, when in love. Although t

189、he negative emotions associated with romantic love-fear of loss, disappointment and jealousy-are fairly consistent across cultures, the positive feelings can vary. “If you ask Japanese students to list the positive attributes they expect in a romantic partner, they rate highly things like loyalty, c

190、ommitment and devotion, says OSullivan. “If you ask American college women, they expect everything under the suit: in addition to being committed, partners have to be amusing, funny and a friend. We judge a potential partner according to our specific cultural expectations about what romantic love sh

191、ould feel like. If you believe that you have found true romance, and your culture tells you that this is what a long-term relationship should be based on, there is less need to rely on social or family pressures to keep couples together. OSullivan argues. 61. What does the author say about peoples v

192、iews of an ideal romantic relationship? A) They are influenced by psychologists.B) They ensure the reproductive success. C) They reflect the evolutionary process.D) They vary from culture to culture. 62. We can infer from the passage that strong family and community ties _. A) can contribute to stab

193、le marriages B) largely rely on marriage contracts C) often run counter to romantic loveD) make divorces virtually unacceptable 63. Without social pressures to keep pair-bonds, romantic love _. A) will be a substitute for marriage in human relationships B) is likely to replace the dictates of family

194、 and society C) plays a key role in maintaining long-term relationships D) is a way to develop individuality and independence 64. OSullivan believes that when people from different cultures fall in love, _. A) they lay more emphasis on commitment and devotion B) they tend to exaggerate each others p

195、ositive qualities C) they often fail to see each others negative qualities D) they expect different things from their partner 65. We can conclude from the passage that _. A) cultural differences often tear apart a family built on romantic love B) romantic love is becoming increasingly important in f

196、amily relationships C) marriages arc hard to sustain without social or family pressures D) romantic love tends to yield where family or social pressures are strong Part IV Translation (30 minutes) 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的根本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 饮食中占据很重要的

197、地位， 以至于有谚语说 “巧妇难为无米之炊。 中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食;而华北大局部地区由于过于寒冷或过于枯燥无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。 2021 年 6 月英语四级真题答案完整版(试卷一) 作文真题 听力真题 Short conversations 1. W: Im going to give up playing chess. I lost again today. M: Just because you lost? Is that any reason to quit? Q: What does the

198、 man imply? 2. M: Do you know Sallys new address? Shes got some mail here, and Id like to forward it to her. W: Well, weve not been in touch for quite a while. Lets see. Mary should know it. Q: What does the woman mean? 3. W: I missed classes this morning. Could you please lend me your notes? M: My

199、notes? Youve never see my handwriting, have you? Q: What does the man imply? 4. M: Im taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight. W: I went there last weekend, I found it rather disappointing. Q: What does the woman mean? 5. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的

200、文档！. word 版 W: Winter is over at last. Time to put away my gloves and boots. M: Ive been waiting for this for months. Q: What does the man mean? 6. W: Thank you for bringing the books back. M: I thought you need them over the weekend. Many thanks for letting me use them. Q: What do we learn from the

201、 conversation? 7. W: Are you working flexible hours? M: No, Im not. The weather today is so nice, so I decided to walk to work, and that meant I had to leave an hour earlier than usual. Q: What did the man decided to do? 8. W: Our plane has been circling for a long time. Why the delay? M: The airpor

202、t is closed for a while this morning, and things are still not back to normal. Q: What does the man mean? Long conversation 长对话一 Woman: Morning, this is TGC! Man: Good morning, Walter Barry here, calling from London. Could I speak to Mr. Grand, please? Woman: Whos calling, please? Man: Walter Barry,

203、 from London. Woman: What is it about, please? Man: Well, I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant. My own company LCP, Liquid Control Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing. Id like to speak to Mr. Grand to discuss ways in which we could

204、 help TGC to protect itself from such problems and save money at the same time. Woman: Yes, I see. Well, Mr. Grand is not available just now. Man: Can you tell me when I could reach him? Woman: Hes very busy for the next few days. Then hell be away in New York. So its difficult to give you a time. M

205、an: Could I speak to someone else, perhaps? 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 Woman: Who, in particular? Man: A colleague, for example? Woman: You are speaking to his personal assistance. I can deal with calls for Mr. Grand. Man: Yes, well, could I ring him tomorrow? Woman: No,

206、 Im sorry, he wont be free tomorrow. Listen, let me suggest something. You send us details of your products and services, together with references from other companies. And then well contact you. Man: Yes, thats very kind of you. I have your address. Woman: Very good, Mr? Man: Barry. Walter Barry, f

207、rom LCP in London. Woman: Right, Mr. Barry. We look forward to hearing from you. Man: Thank you, goodbye. Woman: Bye. 9. What do we learn about the womans company? 10. What do we learn about the man? 11. Whats the womans position in her company? 12. What does the woman suggest the man do? Long conve

208、rsation 长对话二 Man: Miss Yamada, did you ever think that you would find yourself living and working in the western world? Woman: No, not really, although I ve always listened to recordings of great orchestras from Europe. Man: So you enjoyed classical music even when you were very young? Woman: Oh, ye

209、s. I was an only child. Man: You were born in 1955, is that right? Woman: Yes, I began violin lessons at school when I was 6. Man: As young as that, did you like it? Woman: Oh, yes, very much. Man: When did you first play on your own? I mean, when did you give your first performance? Woman: I think

210、I was 8? No, Nine. I just had my birthday a week before, and my father had bought me a new violin. I played a small piece at the school concert. Man: Did you know then that you would become a professional violinist? 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 Woman: Yes, I think so. I en

211、joy playing the violin very much, and I didnt mind practicing, sometimes three or four hours a day. Man: And when did you first come to Europe? Woman: I was very lucky. When I was fifteen, I won a scholarship to a college in Paris. That was for a three-year course. Man: How did your parents feel abo

212、ut that? Woman: I think they were pleased and worried at the same time. It was the chance of a lifetime. But of course I would be thousands of miles from home. Anyway, I studied in Paris for three years and then went back to Tokyo. 13. What do we know about the woman before she went to Europe? 14. W

213、hat does the woman say about her music experience? 15. What does the woman say about her study in Paris? Spot Dictation Looking at the basic biology systems, the world is not doing very well. Yet economic indicators show the world is prospering. Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties,

214、 global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the decade. The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created. How can biological indicators show the opposite of economic indicators? The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no diff

215、erence between resources uses that sustain progress and those uses that will hurt it. The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). In simple terms, this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment. Developed

216、 a half-century ago, GNP helped establish a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output. For some time, this seemed to work reasonably well, but serious weakness are now appearing. As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not take

217、 into account the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests. This basic fault can produce a misleading sense of national economic health. According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forest actually do better than those th

218、at preserve their forest. The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for using up the forests. Passage One 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 What makes a person famous? This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about. All kinds of myths

219、surround the lives of well-known people. Most people are familiar with the works of William Shakespeare, one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. Yet how many know Shakespeare the person, the man behind the works? After centuries of research, scholars are still trying to d

220、iscover Shakespeares personal history. It is not easily found in his writings. Authors of the time could not protect their works. An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to. Nowadays, writers have copyrights that protect their work. Many myths arose about Shakespeare. Some

221、 said he had no formal education. Others believe that he began his career by tending the horses of wealthy men. All of these myths are interesting, but are they true? Probably not. Shakespeares father was a respected man in Stratford-on-Avon, a member of the town council. He sent young William to gr

222、ammar school. Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyond grammar school; so, Shakespeare did have, at least, an average education. Some parts of Shakespeares life will always remain unknown. The Great London Fire of l666 burned many important documents that could have been a source of

223、clues. We will always be left with many questions and few facts. Question16 What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare? Question 17 What do we learn about Shakespeares father? Question 18 Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeares life will remain a mystery? Passage Two Wherever you go

224、and for whatever reason, its important to be safe. While the majority of people you will meet when travelling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangers-theft being the most common. Just as in your home country, do not expect everyone you meet to be friendly and helpful. Its important

225、to prepare for your trip in advance and to take precautions while you are travelling. As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork. You dont want to get to your destination only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse, that your passport isnt valid any more. Also, make sure

226、 you travel with proper medical insurance, so that if you are sick or injured during your travels, you will be able to get treatment. If you 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 want to drive while you are abroad, make sure you have an international drivers license. When you get t

227、o your destination, use official transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands. Dont accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. If there is no meter in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in. If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while travelling, make sure you can lock the door of your r

228、oom from the inside. Finally, remember to smile. Its the friendliest and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world! Question 19 What is mentioned as a most common danger when people go travelling abroad? Question 20 What is the most important thing to

229、do when you prepare for your trip abroad? Question 21 What does the speaker suggest you do when you arrive at your destination? Passage 3 The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humour has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to h

230、is cost. When Ratner took over his fathers chain of 130 jewelry shops in 1984, he introduced a very clear company policy. He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. It was a great success. The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tastele

231、ss silver ornaments. By 1991, Ratners company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds. But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake. At a big meeting of top British businesspeople, he suited up and explained the secret of his success. People say How can we sell our go

232、ods for such a low price? I say Because they are absolute rubbish. His audience roared with laughter. But the British newspapers and the British public were not so amused. People felt insulted and stayed away from Ratners shops. Sales fell and 6 months after his speech, Ratners share price had falle

233、n by 42%. The following year, things got worse and Gerald Ratner was forced to resign. By the end of 1992, he lost his company, his career and his house. Even worse, 25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs. It had been a very expensive joke. Question 22 What did Gerald Ratner decide to do when h

234、e took over his fathers shops? Question 23 On what occasion did Gerald Ratner explained the secret of his success? 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 Question 24 How did people feel when they leaned of Gerald Ratners remarks? Question 25 What does the story of Gerald Ratner sugg

235、est? 翻译真题 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的根本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊。中国南方大多数种植水稻， 人们通常以大米为食;而华北大局部地区因为过于寒冷或过于枯燥， 无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。 写作答案 The Impact of Mobile Phone Use on Education The presented picture reflects a common trend in the way people are educated nowad

236、ays. In this picture, the mother is going to walk her son to school. But according to the son, he doesnt really need to go to school since the phone in his hand already knows everything. The picture reveals the impact of mobile phone use on education. Can mobile phone replace traditional class in sc

237、hool? I dont think so. First of all, students can develop their own way and habit of learning under the guidance of the teachers, which can benefit their life-long learning. Secondly, every subject of education in school is systematic, such as Chinese, mathematics, science and philosophy. Education

238、should not be considered as information fragments that we randomly collect on the mobile phones. Last but not least, students can have exact face-to-face communication with their teachers and classmates, which will help to cultivate their communicative abilities. In conclusion, mobile phone use is a

239、 convenient way of obtaining information, but it is still necessary that we attend school to get formal education. 听力答案 短对话【答案】 1. A. The woman should go on playing chess. 2. D. Mary probably knows Sallys new address. 3. B. His notes are not easy to read. 4. D. The man had better choose another rest

240、aurant. 5. C. He has been looking forward to spring. 6. B. The man appreciates the womans help. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 7. B. Go to work on foot. 8. A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airports operation. 短对话【点评】 【总评】：8 个短对话总体来说比以往四级听力要难，推理判断题居多，而且今年的听力原文中更倾向于接近真实生

241、活，出现了口语中的省略现象。 1. 主要考察的是推理判断的能力。 此题的关键在于听懂反问句和反问的语调。男士说： “Is that any reason to quit? 这能是你放弃的理由吗?反问语气表肯定!换句话说，男士的建议是你应该好好继续下棋。 2. 主要考察抓听细节的能力。 此题的关键在于听到细节“Mary should know it. 男士说自己手边有一堆 Sally的信件需要寄给她，所以需要知道她的地址。女士说自己很久没跟 Sally 联系了，但是结尾说了一句：“Mary 应该知道地址。 3. 主要考察的是推理判断的能力。 这道题同样是一个反义疑问句，表达肯定意思。关键听到男士

242、的那句：“Youve never see my handwriting, have you? “你从没看过我的笔迹吧?话外音可以推理出来就是：我的笔迹很难认，你肯定看不出来我写的是什么笔记。 4. 主要考察的是推理能力。 男士说我今晚要带女朋友去新开的漂亮饭店过生日。女士说我上周去过，太让我失望了。言外之意就是建议男士不要去这家饭馆了。 5. 主要考察的是抓听细节和推理判断的能力。 此题首先听到女士开头说的：“冬天终于完毕了。和男士结尾说：“我等了好几个月了啊。显然是男士非常期待冬天快点完毕，春天快点到来。 6. 主要考察的是抓听细节能力。 关键听到男士说的那句：Many thanks for

243、 letting me use them. 太感谢你让我看他们了。thank 和选项中的 appreciate 为同义词。 7. 主要考察的是抓听细节能力。 此题是典型的动作判断题。通过选项全是动词短语就可判断应该抓听动词。而此题最关键的是细节：I decided to walk to work.和选项中的 Go on foot. 为同义表达。 8. 主要考察的是抓听细节的能力 此题关键是听到男士的话：男士说今早机场关闭了一段时间了，而且仍然没恢复正常。其中的 closed for a while 和选项中的 Temporary closing 同义。 长对话一 9. C. It has a

244、chemical processing plant. 10. D. Hes a salesman. 11. C. Mr. Grands personal assistance. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 12. B. Provide details of their products and services. 长对话二 13. A. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras. 14. D. She began taking violin l

245、essons as a small child. 15. A. It was the chance of a lifetime. 长对话 点评 【总评】 今年的长对话沿袭了近年来四级听力的风格，一篇是工作相关类;一篇是正式访谈类。 长对话一： 主要讲了一位化学产品公司的推销员想要向其他公司推荐自家公司产品的过程。 对话开头男士先说明自己的身份和想要推荐产品的意图， 但遇到的问题是男士需要找的Mr. Grand 非常忙，没空处理这件事。女士作为 Mr. Grand 的助理开场处理，问题的最终解决是要求男士提供自己家产品的详细介绍邮寄过来。 这是典型四级听力工作类长对话的模式：先工作方面的介绍，然

246、后谈到工作中遇到的问题，最后是问题的解决。分别设置了这 3 个考点。相对而言，工作类考题比较难的地方在于局部词汇会造成干扰：例如，公司名 Liquid Control Products，chemical processing, personal assistance, reference 等，但除了 personal assistance 直接与考点相关外，其他单词没听懂考生也应完全不纠结。而 personal assistance 在选项中为所听即所得。 因此，总体而言，这篇长对话与往年难度持平。 长对话二： 本篇长对话作为正式访谈类的听力， 一开场采访人从女士是否想过会在西方社会圈生活和工

247、作作为切入点进展了一个热身;紧接着， 女士答复自己一直对欧洲的音乐有所关注，采访人就顺着这个点提到女士目前作为专业小提琴演奏家职业相关的情况，从而提到女士最早来到欧洲的原因是获得巴黎奖学金留学的时机。 长对话二非常简单，根本上没有生词，结合日常生活经历也可以比较顺理成章地理解一位亚洲日本小提琴家的成长之路：年幼开场学琴，从小对音乐有研究，有过欧洲留学经历，最终进入欧洲社会圈。 短文 1 答案 16. B) His personal history is little known. 17. D) He was a member of the town council. 18. C) Possib

248、le sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. 短文 2 答案 19. A) Theft. 20. B) Have the right documents. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 21. B) Use official transport. 短文 1&2 点评 Passage One 16. What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare? 答案：B) His personal history i

249、s little known. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。文章中作者先提出“有多少人了解莎士比亚本人的问题，接着指出各学者经过几个世纪的研究之后，仍然在不断探索发现他的个人史。由此可知，莎士比亚的个人史很少有人知道。 17. What do we learn about Shakespeares father? 答案：D) He was a member of the town council. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。文章中提到莎士比亚的父亲受人尊敬，是Stratford-on-Avon 镇议会的一名成员。选项 a member of the town council 与原文完全对应。 1

250、8. Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeares life will remain a mystery? 答案：C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. 【点评】 此题考察事实细节。 文章中提到莎士比亚一局部的生活将永远不为人所知。因为 1666 年伦敦的一场大火把很多重要文件烧毁了，而这些本来可能是了解莎士比亚的重要线索。所以答案选择 Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire。 Passage T

251、wo 19. What is mentioned as a most common danger when people go travelling abroad? 答案：A) Theft. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。原文开篇就提到人们在外出旅游时会遇到很多危险，而其中最为常见的就是盗窃。根据所听即所得，可选出正确答案。 20. What is the most important thing to do when you prepare for your trip abroad? 答案：B) Have the right documents. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。原文中提到在准备出国旅

252、游时，一定要确保文件正确，防止出现签证错误、 过期护照等情况。 因此答案应选正确的文件。 选项中的 documents与文中的 paperwork 对应。 21. What does the speaker suggest you do when you arrive at your destination? 答案：B) Use official transport. 【点评】文章最后提到，到达目的地后要选择乘坐正式的交通工具，不要搭乘陌生人的车。选项 use official transport 和文中完全一致，所听即所得可得出答案。 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联

253、系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 54. The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders. 55. Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably. Passage One 56. D People with no college degre

254、e do not easily find work. 57. B A rapid technological advance 58. A Economic growth will slow down 59. C Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. 60. D Skills are highly valued regardless of age. Passage Two 61. C The decline of the grain yield growth. 62. A Their sel

255、f-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets. 63. D They force more on the increase of animal feed than food grains. 64. D The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland. 65. B It is based on a doubtful assumption. 翻译答案 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的根本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国

256、人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊。中国南方大多数种植水稻， 人们通常以大米为食;而华北大局部地区因为过于寒冷或过于枯燥， 无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。 In the mind of Westerners, Chinese people have the closest connection to rice, basic food for the Chinese. For a long time, rice occupies a very important position in the Chines

257、e diet. There is even a saying that even a clever housewife cannot cook a meal without rice. People in south China plant and live on rice, while people in the most parts of North China cannot plant rice due to excessively dry and cold weather. The main crop there is wheat. In China, some people use

258、flour to bake bread, while most people make steamed bread and noodles with flour. 点评： 1. 词汇点评：本篇翻译中国特有的词汇考察较多，比方大米和水稻(rice)、小麦(wheat)、面粉(flour)、馒头(steamed bread)、面条(noodles)。 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 2. 谚语考察：这是今年最难的一句话，因为上下文限制，最恰当的翻译必须翻出rice，这就意味着不能意译，但是“巧妇的处理需要稍加解释(cl

259、ever housewife)。 3. 语法考察：最高级、无主句、比照关系(两处)等考察也是年年必考，同学们备考时这些语法点要多加练习。 2021 年 6 月英语四级真题答案完整版(试卷二) 写作答案 Using Computer Wisely The comic reflects the image of our modern world in which technology has been an inseparable part of peoples daily life. As is shown, the man in the picture uses a laptop at wor

260、k and home, for business and entertainment, so obsessed that he even dreams about bending over his laptop. It is undeniable that this has been a common scene and the overuse of computers has aroused great concern. In my opinion, people should be cautious of the excessive use of computers for the fol

261、lowing reasons. In the first place, it will inevitably affect peoples health if they sit before computers and stare at the screens for long hours, which may result in muscle pain and visual impair. Secondly, playing computers alone isolates people from others. Relationships in the real world are mai

262、ntained through human contact and spending time with each other instead of chitchatting online. In summary, people should cut down their computer use for health and social reasons. Computers are not controllers but tools in our life. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 写作点评 Using

263、 Computer Wisely 此题由一幅连环画 “This Modern Life: Work Home Play Life 引出话题，探讨电脑在现代生活当中扮演的重要角色。很明显，此题主旨在于评述现代生活中电脑的过度使用这一现象，此话题与生活息息相关。此题难度适中，考生均有话可说，且与2021 年曾经出现的互联网系列考题相类似。 考生要做的首先是仔细审题、确立观点。按照题干要求，第一段Start your essay with a brief description of the picture。因此，第一段：总述图画反映的问题(The comic reflects the image

264、of our modern world in which technology has been an inseparable part of people s daily life.) + 具体描述画面内容(As is shown, the man in the picture uses a laptop at work and home, for business and entertainment, so obsessed that he even dreams about bending over his laptop.) = 引出下一段 第二段Comment on this kind

265、 of modern life。确立观点(It is undeniable that this has been a common scene and the overuse of computers has aroused great concern. In my opinion, people should be cautious of the excessive use of computers for the following reasons.) + 两方面原因(In the first place, it will inevitably affect peoples health

266、if they sit before computers and stare at the screens for long hours, which may result in muscle pain and visual impair. Secondly, playing computers alone isolates people from others. Relationships in the real world are maintained through human contact and spending time with each other instead of ch

267、itchatting online.)+ 总结观点、 提出建议(In summary, people should cut down their computer use for health and social reasons. Computers are not controllers but tools in our life.) 以上为英语四级作文点评，大家写完后要注意检查字数有无达标，不能少于 120字也不宜过多，语言简洁在理、无语法错误为佳。希望大家总结经历，下次考得更高! 听力答案 短对话【答案】 1. A. The woman should go on playing che

268、ss. 2. D. Mary probably knows Sallys new address. 3. B. His notes are not easy to read. 4. D. The man had better choose another restaurant. 5. C. He has been looking forward to spring. 6. B. The man appreciates the womans help. 7. B. Go to work on foot. 8. A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airp

269、orts operation. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 短对话【点评】 【总评】：8 个短对话总体来说比以往四级听力要难，推理判断题居多，而且今年的听力原文中更倾向于接近真实生活，出现了口语中的省略现象。 1. 主要考察的是推理判断的能力。 此题的关键在于听懂反问句和反问的语调。男士说： “Is that any reason to quit? 这能是你放弃的理由吗?反问语气表肯定!换句话说，男士的建议是你应该好好继续下棋。 2. 主要考察抓听细节的能力。 此题的关键在于听到细节“Mary should k

270、now it. 男士说自己手边有一堆 Sally的信件需要寄给她，所以需要知道她的地址。女士说自己很久没跟 Sally 联系了，但是结尾说了一句：“Mary 应该知道地址。 3. 主要考察的是推理判断的能力。 这道题同样是一个反义疑问句，表达肯定意思。关键听到男士的那句：“Youve never see my handwriting, have you? “你从没看过我的笔迹吧?话外音可以推理出来就是：我的笔迹很难认，你肯定看不出来我写的是什么笔记。 4. 主要考察的是推理能力。 男士说我今晚要带女朋友去新开的漂亮饭店过生日。女士说我上周去过，太让我失望了。言外之意就是建议男士不要去这家饭馆了

271、。 5. 主要考察的是抓听细节和推理判断的能力。 此题首先听到女士开头说的：“冬天终于完毕了。和男士结尾说：“我等了好几个月了啊。显然是男士非常期待冬天快点完毕，春天快点到来。 6. 主要考察的是抓听细节能力。 关键听到男士说的那句：Many thanks for letting me use them. 太感谢你让我看他们了。thank 和选项中的 appreciate 为同义词。 7. 主要考察的是抓听细节能力。 此题是典型的动作判断题。通过选项全是动词短语就可判断应该抓听动词。而此题最关键的是细节：I decided to walk to work.和选项中的 Go on foot. 为

272、同义表达。 8. 主要考察的是抓听细节的能力 此题关键是听到男士的话：男士说今早机场关闭了一段时间了，而且仍然没恢复正常。其中的 closed for a while 和选项中的 Temporary closing 同义。 长对话一 9. C. It has a chemical processing plant. 10. D. Hes a salesman. 11. C. Mr. Grands personal assistance. 12. B. Provide details of their products and services. 长对话二 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互

273、联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 13. A. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras. 14. D. She began taking violin lessons as a small child. 15. A. It was the chance of a lifetime. 长对话 点评 【总评】 今年的长对话沿袭了近年来四级听力的风格，一篇是工作相关类;一篇是正式访谈类。 长对话一： 主要讲了一位化学产品公司的推销员想要向其他公司推荐自家公司产品的过程。 对话开头男士先说明自

274、己的身份和想要推荐产品的意图， 但遇到的问题是男士需要找的Mr. Grand 非常忙，没空处理这件事。女士作为 Mr. Grand 的助理开场处理，问题的最终解决是要求男士提供自己家产品的详细介绍邮寄过来。 这是典型四级听力工作类长对话的模式：先工作方面的介绍，然后谈到工作中遇到的问题，最后是问题的解决。分别设置了这 3 个考点。相对而言，工作类考题比较难的地方在于局部词汇会造成干扰：例如，公司名 Liquid Control Products，chemical processing, personal assistance, reference 等，但除了 personal assistan

275、ce 直接与考点相关外，其他单词没听懂考生也应完全不纠结。而 personal assistance 在选项中为所听即所得。 因此，总体而言，这篇长对话与往年难度持平。 长对话二： 本篇长对话作为正式访谈类的听力， 一开场采访人从女士是否想过会在西方社会圈生活和工作作为切入点进展了一个热身;紧接着， 女士答复自己一直对欧洲的音乐有所关注，采访人就顺着这个点提到女士目前作为专业小提琴演奏家职业相关的情况，从而提到女士最早来到欧洲的原因是获得巴黎奖学金留学的时机。 长对话二非常简单，根本上没有生词，结合日常生活经历也可以比较顺理成章地理解一位亚洲日本小提琴家的成长之路：年幼开场学琴，从小对音乐有研

276、究，有过欧洲留学经历，最终进入欧洲社会圈。 短文 1 答案 16. B) His personal history is little known. 17. D) He was a member of the town council. 18. C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. 短文 2 答案 19. A) Theft. 20. B) Have the right documents. 21. B) Use official transport. 短文 1&2 点评 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网

277、，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 Passage One 16. What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare? 答案：B) His personal history is little known. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。文章中作者先提出“有多少人了解莎士比亚本人的问题，接着指出各学者经过几个世纪的研究之后，仍然在不断探索发现他的个人史。由此可知，莎士比亚的个人史很少有人知道。 17. What do we learn about Shakespeares father? 答案：D) He wa

278、s a member of the town council. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。文章中提到莎士比亚的父亲受人尊敬，是Stratford-on-Avon 镇议会的一名成员。选项 a member of the town council 与原文完全对应。 18. Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeares life will remain a mystery? 答案：C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. 【点评】 此题考察事实细节。 文章中提到莎士比亚一局部

279、的生活将永远不为人所知。因为 1666 年伦敦的一场大火把很多重要文件烧毁了，而这些本来可能是了解莎士比亚的重要线索。所以答案选择 Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire。 Passage Two 19. What is mentioned as a most common danger when people go travelling abroad? 答案：A) Theft. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。原文开篇就提到人们在外出旅游时会遇到很多危险，而其中最为常见的就是盗窃。根据所听即所得，可选出正确答案。 20. Wh

280、at is the most important thing to do when you prepare for your trip abroad? 答案：B) Have the right documents. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。原文中提到在准备出国旅游时，一定要确保文件正确，防止出现签证错误、 过期护照等情况。 因此答案应选正确的文件。 选项中的 documents与文中的 paperwork 对应。 21. What does the speaker suggest you do when you arrive at your destination? 答案：B) Use of

281、ficial transport. 【点评】文章最后提到，到达目的地后要选择乘坐正式的交通工具，不要搭乘陌生人的车。选项 use official transport 和文中完全一致，所听即所得可得出答案。 短文 3 答案 22. C) Sell inexpensive products. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople. 24. D) Insulted. 25. B) There should be a limit

282、 to ones sense of humour. 听力填空答案 26. prospering 27. decade 28. opposite 29. sustain 30. In simple terms 31. establish 32. reasonably 33. take into account 34. misleading 35. using up 阅读答案 选词填空答案 36. A) announcing 37. K) entitled 38. G) critically 39. L) potential 40. D) commitment 41. H) develop 42.

283、 J) enhance 43. O) retain 44. E) component 45. C) challenges 阅读匹配答案 46. K 47. A 48. G 49. I 50. B 51. D 52. E 53. H 54. F 55. J 46. Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonalds from attaching toys to its food specials for children. 47. Fast-food firms may not be able to cope with pressures fro

284、m food regulation in the near future. 48. Burger King will start to sell Seattles Best coffee to increase sales. 49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem. 50. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save m

285、oney. 51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession. 52. During the recession, Burger Kings promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective. 53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast. 54. Many fast-food companies now ex

286、pect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items. 55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu. 仔细阅读答案 Passage One 56. B) It will protect them from sunburn. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 57. A)

287、 It is ineffective in preventing melanomas. 58. D) Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas. 59. A) It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection. 60. A) Using both covering up and sunscreen. Passage Two 61. B) Well-educated people tend to work longer. 62. B) A

288、 rapid technological advance. 63. A) Economic growth will slow down. 64. C) Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. 65. D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age. 翻译答案 中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界根底的许多元素起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上开展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索方案，其中包括到 2021 年建

289、成的一个太空站。目前，中国是世界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2021 年，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。 China is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. Many elements that make up the foundation of the modern world originated in China. China now is the worlds fastest growing economy, and is experiencing a new industria

290、l revolution. China has also launched an ambitious space exploration program which includes a space station in 2021. At present, China is the worlds largest exporter, and is attracting a lot of foreign investment. At the same time, it is also investing billions of dollars abroad. In 2021, China over

291、took Japan to become the worlds second largest economy. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 2021 年 6 月英语四级真题答案完整版(试卷三) 写作答案 写作答案 Should Parents Decide Childrens Life? In this illustration, we can see that a teenage girl happily informs her mother of the news that she is admitted

292、to the college which her mother has selected for her. The picture implies the great influence that parents have on their childrens decisions. Choosing college for them is a typical example. It is evident that parents thoughts and behaviors shape how their children think and behave. However, in my op

293、inion, it is inappropriate for parents to make every major life decision for their children. For one thing, each child is an individual with his own character. Childrens perceptions of life may be different from their parents , so their choices may diverge. For another, parents 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网

294、，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 cannot fully comprehend what their children want or need and therefore their decision is not necessarily the best choice for their children. All in all, it is advisable that parents respect their childrens choices and let them be the masters of their own lives. 写作点

295、评 Should Parents Decide Childrens Life? 此题由图画中女儿的说话 “Good news mom! I was accepted to the college of your choice. 引出话题，探讨家庭生活中父母为子女做决定的现象。这一话题没有明确的正误指向， 要求考生首先对图画进展描述， 再确立自己的观点， 提出论点和论据。 大学英语四级考试作文一般与生活实际相联系。 此题考察的难点在于要求考生提出对父母为子女做决定这一现象的思考，赞同要有赞同理由，反对要有反对的论据，中立也要写出中立的点在哪里。切忌停留在父母为子女做决定这一现象的外表描述。 正如

296、我们在考前押题中所讲，此题建议考生采取三段式写作。 三段式： 第一段：简要描述图画内容(In this illustration, we can see that a teenage girl happily informs her mother of the news that she is admitted to the college which her mother has selected for her.) + 拉到自己较熟悉的结论观点(The picture implies the great influence that parents have on their childr

297、ens decisions. Choosing college for them is a typical example.) = 引出下一段 第二段：确立观点(It is evident that parents thoughts and behaviors shape how their children think and behave. However, in my opinion, it is inappropriate for parents to make every major life decision for their children.) + 两方面原因(For one

298、 thing/For another) 第三段：All in all 提出建议，重申观点。 以上为英语四级作文点评，大家注意审题清楚，先确立论点和论据再下笔。希望大家总结经历，下次考得更高! 听力答案 短对话【答案】 1. A. The woman should go on playing chess. 2. D. Mary probably knows Sallys new address. 3. B. His notes are not easy to read. 4. D. The man had better choose another restaurant. 5. C. He ha

299、s been looking forward to spring. 6. B. The man appreciates the womans help. 7. B. Go to work on foot. 8. A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airports operation. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 短对话【点评】 【总评】：8 个短对话总体来说比以往四级听力要难，推理判断题居多，而且今年的听力原文中更倾向于接近真实生活，出现了口语中的省略现象。 1. 主

300、要考察的是推理判断的能力。 此题的关键在于听懂反问句和反问的语调。男士说： “Is that any reason to quit? 这能是你放弃的理由吗?反问语气表肯定!换句话说，男士的建议是你应该好好继续下棋。 2. 主要考察抓听细节的能力。 此题的关键在于听到细节“Mary should know it. 男士说自己手边有一堆 Sally的信件需要寄给她，所以需要知道她的地址。女士说自己很久没跟 Sally 联系了，但是结尾说了一句：“Mary 应该知道地址。 3. 主要考察的是推理判断的能力。 这道题同样是一个反义疑问句，表达肯定意思。关键听到男士的那句：“Youve never se

301、e my handwriting, have you? “你从没看过我的笔迹吧?话外音可以推理出来就是：我的笔迹很难认，你肯定看不出来我写的是什么笔记。 4. 主要考察的是推理能力。 男士说我今晚要带女朋友去新开的漂亮饭店过生日。女士说我上周去过，太让我失望了。言外之意就是建议男士不要去这家饭馆了。 5. 主要考察的是抓听细节和推理判断的能力。 此题首先听到女士开头说的：“冬天终于完毕了。和男士结尾说：“我等了好几个月了啊。显然是男士非常期待冬天快点完毕，春天快点到来。 6. 主要考察的是抓听细节能力。 关键听到男士说的那句：Many thanks for letting me use the

302、m. 太感谢你让我看他们了。thank 和选项中的 appreciate 为同义词。 7. 主要考察的是抓听细节能力。 此题是典型的动作判断题。通过选项全是动词短语就可判断应该抓听动词。而此题最关键的是细节：I decided to walk to work.和选项中的 Go on foot. 为同义表达。 8. 主要考察的是抓听细节的能力 此题关键是听到男士的话：男士说今早机场关闭了一段时间了，而且仍然没恢复正常。其中的 closed for a while 和选项中的 Temporary closing 同义。 长对话一 9. C. It has a chemical processing

303、 plant. 10. D. Hes a salesman. 11. C. Mr. Grands personal assistance. 12. B. Provide details of their products and services. 长对话二 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 13. A. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras. 14. D. She began taking violin lessons as a small c

304、hild. 15. A. It was the chance of a lifetime. 长对话 点评 【总评】 今年的长对话沿袭了近年来四级听力的风格，一篇是工作相关类;一篇是正式访谈类。 长对话一： 主要讲了一位化学产品公司的推销员想要向其他公司推荐自家公司产品的过程。 对话开头男士先说明自己的身份和想要推荐产品的意图， 但遇到的问题是男士需要找的Mr. Grand 非常忙，没空处理这件事。女士作为 Mr. Grand 的助理开场处理，问题的最终解决是要求男士提供自己家产品的详细介绍邮寄过来。 这是典型四级听力工作类长对话的模式：先工作方面的介绍，然后谈到工作中遇到的问题，最后是问题的解

305、决。分别设置了这 3 个考点。相对而言，工作类考题比较难的地方在于局部词汇会造成干扰：例如，公司名 Liquid Control Products，chemical processing, personal assistance, reference 等，但除了 personal assistance 直接与考点相关外，其他单词没听懂考生也应完全不纠结。而 personal assistance 在选项中为所听即所得。 因此，总体而言，这篇长对话与往年难度持平。 长对话二： 本篇长对话作为正式访谈类的听力， 一开场采访人从女士是否想过会在西方社会圈生活和工作作为切入点进展了一个热身;紧接着，

306、女士答复自己一直对欧洲的音乐有所关注，采访人就顺着这个点提到女士目前作为专业小提琴演奏家职业相关的情况，从而提到女士最早来到欧洲的原因是获得巴黎奖学金留学的时机。 长对话二非常简单，根本上没有生词，结合日常生活经历也可以比较顺理成章地理解一位亚洲日本小提琴家的成长之路：年幼开场学琴，从小对音乐有研究，有过欧洲留学经历，最终进入欧洲社会圈。 短文 1 答案 16. B) His personal history is little known. 17. D) He was a member of the town council. 18. C) Possible sources of clues

307、 about him were lost in a fire. 短文 2 答案 19. A) Theft. 20. B) Have the right documents. 21. B) Use official transport. 短文 1&2 点评 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 Passage One 16. What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare? 答案：B) His personal history is little known. 【点评

308、】此题考察事实细节。文章中作者先提出“有多少人了解莎士比亚本人的问题，接着指出各学者经过几个世纪的研究之后，仍然在不断探索发现他的个人史。由此可知，莎士比亚的个人史很少有人知道。 17. What do we learn about Shakespeares father? 答案：D) He was a member of the town council. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。文章中提到莎士比亚的父亲受人尊敬，是Stratford-on-Avon 镇议会的一名成员。选项 a member of the town council 与原文完全对应。 18. Why does the spe

309、aker say parts of Shakespeares life will remain a mystery? 答案：C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. 【点评】 此题考察事实细节。 文章中提到莎士比亚一局部的生活将永远不为人所知。因为 1666 年伦敦的一场大火把很多重要文件烧毁了，而这些本来可能是了解莎士比亚的重要线索。所以答案选择 Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire。 Passage Two 19. What is ment

310、ioned as a most common danger when people go travelling abroad? 答案：A) Theft. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。原文开篇就提到人们在外出旅游时会遇到很多危险，而其中最为常见的就是盗窃。根据所听即所得，可选出正确答案。 20. What is the most important thing to do when you prepare for your trip abroad? 答案：B) Have the right documents. 【点评】此题考察事实细节。原文中提到在准备出国旅游时，一定要确保文件正确，防止出现签证

311、错误、 过期护照等情况。 因此答案应选正确的文件。 选项中的 documents与文中的 paperwork 对应。 21. What does the speaker suggest you do when you arrive at your destination? 答案：B) Use official transport. 【点评】文章最后提到，到达目的地后要选择乘坐正式的交通工具，不要搭乘陌生人的车。选项 use official transport 和文中完全一致，所听即所得可得出答案。 短文 3 答案 22. C) Sell inexpensive products. 欢迎您阅读

312、并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople. 24. D) Insulted. 25. B) There should be a limit to ones sense of humour. 听力填空答案 26. prospering 27. decade 28. opposite 29. sustain 30. In simple terms 31. establish 32. reasonably 33. take into acco

313、unt 34. misleading 35. using up 阅读答案 选词填空答案 36. A) assets 37. E) excellent 38. L) origin 39. N) up-to-date 40. B) attend 41. G) guidelines 42. C) aware 43. H) involved 44. D) especially 45. O) volunteering 本次选词填空的话题较为贴近生活，讲述的是教师可以以多种方式将社区融入课堂，如借助家长、实地考察活动、学校课题等。 10 题中，动词、名词、形容词平分秋色，副词一如既往考察最少。如果考生能够

314、掌握先划分选项词性，再预判题干词性，进而在一样词性的单词间用意思去确定最终答案的方法，其实此题难度并不高。而且这次也出现了不少固定搭配，如 be aware of, be involved in 等，如果平时有一定的积累，在做题时也如虎添翼，可进一步保证自己的正确率。 匹配答案 46. Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovate in his commencement address. O) Mr. Jobs ended 47. Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fire

315、d once by Apple. N) Mr. Jobs suggested 48. Steve Jobs once used computers to make movies that were commercial hits. M) There is no conclusive proof 49. Many governments have done more than the US government in providing the raw materials for innovation. D) We can look at 50. Great innovator are good

316、 at connecting concepts from various academic fields. J) The academics identify five traits that 51. Innovation is vital to driving economic progress. 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 C) Above all, 52. America has a social environment that is particularly favorable to innovati

317、on. E) Yet what other nations typically lack, 53. Innovative ideas often come from diverse experiences. H) His path was unique, 54. Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for career success. F) Workers of every rank are told 55. Apples fortunes suffered from an innovation

318、 discount during Jobs absence. L) Apple, by their calculations, 本次长篇阅读将话题投向了乔布斯，并着重围绕“创新二字展开。 从题目设置来看，出现了一两道题干关键词并不能直接在原文复现的题，如 47 题题干中的 lucky， 在原文中的表达为 “It turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me，需要考生正确理解这句话背后的意思才能解题，这对于四级长篇阅读来说并不多见，也确实是本次试题难度

319、有所增加的表达。从做题技巧看，建议考生先将有把握的题做对，在有余力的情况下，最后完成这种起到“拉分作用的难题。 仔细阅读 1&2 答案 56. C) The decline of the grain yield growth. 57. A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets. 58. D) They force more on the increase of animal feed than food grains. 59. D) The world will be able to fe

320、ed its population without increasing farmland. 60. B) It is based on a doubtful assumption. 61. B) Peoples changing attitudes towards family. 62. C) Their number is too small to make a difference. 63. A) A long leave will have a negative impact on their career. 64. B) Surprise. 65. D) They will stil

321、l face the difficult choice between career an children. 翻译答案 据报道，今年中国快递效劳(courier service)将递送大约 120 亿件包裹。这将使中国有可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的时机。仅在 11 月 11 日，中国欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！. word 版 消费者就从国内最大的购物平台购置了价值 90 亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递业在中国扩展

322、就缺乏为奇了。 It is reported that Chinas express courier service will deliver about 12 billion packages this year. China could overtake the United States as the worlds largest express market. Most package are for items ordered online. China provides opportunities to millions of online retailers to sell go

323、ods at very competitive prices. Only on November 11th, Chinese consumers bought $ 9 billion worth of goods from the nations largest shopping platform. There are many such special shopping days in China. Therefore, the expansion of express industry is not surprising at all. 点评： 1. 词汇考察：今年这篇四级考察社会热点快递和网购，相关的热点词汇有courier service，delivery，packages，online shopping，express industry 等。 2. 数字考察：数字翻译的考察从 2021 年 12 月份开场成为必考重点之一，特别是million 和 billion 这两个数量级别的考察。 3. 句法考察：被动语态(据报道)，最高级(最大的快递市场、最大的购物平台)，因果关系等(因此)等。