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1、广东省省级精品课程广东省省级精品课程国国 际际 贸贸 易易 Chapter 9: Tariff EffectsChapter 9: Tariff Effects 第九章第九章 关税的经济效应关税的经济效应 广东外语外贸大学广东外语外贸大学 何元贵何元贵 教授教授 Jan.,2010 Jan.,2010进口保护政策一、一、Analysis of Tariff Effects （一）（一） Effects of a tariff: small countrynIn this market, the autarky equilibrium occurs a price of $50 and quan
2、tity of 50.nIf the international price is $20, the country will be an importer of the item.nDomestic production will fall from 50 to 20.nDomestic consumption will rise from 50 to 80.nThese changes generate imports of 60 units.进口保护政策nIf a 50% ad valorem tariff is placed on imports, the domestic price
3、 rises from $20 (the international price) to the tariff price of $30.nDomestic production increases from 20 to 30.nDomestic consumption falls from 80 to 70.nImports fall to 40.nThe amount of tariff revenue is: $10 x 40 = $400进口保护政策nTo show the welfare changes from the tariff the concepts of consumer
4、 and producer surplus must be considered.nConsumer surplus is the difference between what consumers are willing to pay for a specific amount of a commodity and what they actually pay for it.nGraphically, consumer surplus is the area under the demand curve and above the price paid on every unit purch
5、ased.进口保护政策进口保护政策1.关税的价格效应：国内关税的价格效应：国内p 2.关税的消费效应关税的消费效应: -(a+b+c+d)3.关税的生产效应：关税的生产效应：+a 4.关税的税收效应：关税的税收效应：+c （ a和和c也称为再也称为再分配效应）分配效应）5.关税的净福利效应关税的净福利效应: -(b+d)，此部分属于此部分属于无谓损失（无谓损失（deadweight loss）。）。 进口保护政策nThe imposition of a tariff leaves a net welfare loss to society of the two triangular shade
6、d regions( b&d).nThese regions are known as the deadweight loss of a tariff. nb is production distortion,nd is comsumption distortion.进口保护政策（二）（二） Effects of a tariff: large countrynThe effects of a tariff on a large country differ from that in a small country because the imposition of a tariff resu
7、lts in a fall in import demand that lowers the international price.nThis is known is as the terms of trade effect.进口保护政策 （二）（二） Effects of a tariff: large country1.关税的价格效应：国内关税的价格效应：国内p2.关税的消费效应关税的消费效应: -(a+b+c+d)3.关税的生产效应：关税的生产效应：+a 4.关税的税收效应：关税的税收效应：+(c+e)5.关税的贸易条件效应：改善（出口价格不变关税的贸易条件效应：改善（出口价格不变时）
8、时）6.关税的净福利效应关税的净福利效应: e-(b+d)进口保护政策nThis result arises as the improvement in the terms of trade more than offsets the potential deadweight loss of the tariff.nWelfare lost: b+dnWelfare gained: e进口保护政策二、二、Optimum tariff n1、ConceptionnThe previous example demonstrates that it is possible for the impos
9、ition of a tariff in a large county to improve societal welfare.nAn optimal tariff is the tariff rate that maximizes the benefit resulting from the imposition of a tariff.nThe gain comes from the improvement in the terms of trade.进口保护政策进口保护政策2. More concern about the optimal tariffnThe existence of
10、an optimum tariff appears to be a strong argument for interfering with free trade.nIt is important to note that the positive welfare gains exist only if no retaliation in other markets occurs following the imposition of a tariff.进口保护政策 三、三、The measure of tariffnOne method used to measure the degree
11、of protectionism within an economy is the average tariff rate. Since tariffs generally reduce imports of foreign products, the higher the tariff, the greater the protection afforded to the countrys import-competing industries.n(一一) Highness of tariffn1 Unweighted-average tariff ratenSuppose a countr
12、y have 3 kinds of import goods A、B、C，their tarif rate are 10%，15%，20%.Then, their unweighted-average tariff rate is: (10%+15%+20%)/3=15%进口保护政策nThe tariffs above are calculated as a simple average. To calculate this rate, one simply adds up all of the tariff rates and divides by the number of import
13、categories. nOne problem with this method arises if a country has most of its trade in a few categories with zero tariffs, but has high tariffs in many import categories in which it would never find advantageous to import. In this case the average tariff may overstate the degree of protection in the
14、 economy. 进口保护政策 2 Weighted-average tariff raten The standard way of calculating weighted-average tariff rate is to divide total tariff revenue by the total value of imports. nTaketheexample,supposethiscountryimportproductA500000，productB200000，productC100000，thentheweighted-average tariff rate is:
15、n(50000010%+20000015%+10000020%)/(500000+200000+100000)=100000/800000=0.125，thatis12.5%.进口保护政策(二二) Nominal tariffs vs. effective protectionn1 1、Concept nThe nominal tariff is the percentage increase in the price of the final commodity.nThe effective rate of protection is calculated on the increase i
16、n domestic value added offered by tariff protection.nThe effective rate of protection offers a better measure of the protection offered producers as it takes into account the cost to producers of tariffs on input markets.进口保护政策 2、How to get ERP?nERP=(V-V)/Vx100%。nERP:某某行行业业的的有有效效保保护护率率； V、V分分别别表表示示征
17、征收收关关税税前前后后该该行行业业(或或商商品品)的的国国内内生生产附加值。产附加值。进口保护政策 3 3、Example & CalculationExample & CalculationnSuppose：nAcarsP=$10000nMiddlecost=$8000nAddedvaluebeforetariffVj=$2000nT=50%nAftertariff,thecarsP=10000(1+50%)=$15000进口保护政策中间产中间产品的名品的名义税率义税率中间产品成本中间产品成本最终产品增加最终产品增加值变化值变化VjERP25%8000(1+25%)=1000015000-1
18、0000=5000(5000-2000)/ 2000=150%75%8000(1+75%)=1400015000-14000=1000(1000-2000)/ 2000= -50%50%(学生计算)进口保护政策 4. ConclusionnAs is seen, the effective level of protection may differ greatly from the rate of the nominal tariff.n当最终产品的名义税率当最终产品的名义税率大于大于中间产品名义税率时，中间产品名义税率时，n最终产品的有效保护率最终产品的有效保护率大于大于其名义税率。其名义
19、税率。n当最终产品的名义税率当最终产品的名义税率小于小于中间产品名义税率时，中间产品名义税率时，n最终产品的有效保护率最终产品的有效保护率小于小于其名义税率其名义税率(负保护负保护)。n当最终产品和中间产品的名义税率相等时，当最终产品和中间产品的名义税率相等时，n最终产品的有效保护率才和名义税率相等。最终产品的有效保护率才和名义税率相等。进口保护政策 Review: 关税的经济效应n一、关税的效应一、关税的效应n（一）小国模型（一）小国模型 （二（二）大国模型大国模型n二、最优关税率二、最优关税率n三、三、 关税的衡量关税的衡量n（一）关税的（一）关税的“高度高度”n（二）名义税率与有效保护率
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29、嘄脇煭礀脹沨瀠垚瓇怛鲖疉胹撅穣谛鹺销鷟勇秒壙虓蒶蠶鄋恇碔出渱伙长厁樝湁敕災质镟輤敾怲艑漇龁謴楜謊髑拨匧叙蚸卼萓烕灱诶徼埭睿慍酜烡猎匏翪示伝傶齊觉縃仭廦顠钄龒刎徔蝸瑉餂俖斡高卜奸瞍遏坑捎绹煋酣萙優煱坏孤薳杝果梴嫕懠蚈顉盹岻忘粈劔孭納邻缪顤焳忈训舅鬸錐罡奇窍麫罄垎驈嗐蟬谻歙麵赢糹塸朙巕犻汵忇趑龎卺殗颣壢斮卍髵隬誶跦辫瞩砹逞駛負噳惗沾穫萼堈悅萩窏仏怏鲯冠簢荊腐災簌睟豟尬n和古古怪怪n方法n n n 2222n 444 n 进口保护政策唱鎉悎移鷎甪融搣禝輒兊荌瓑鳅遖谀夢斪孟鶴饨钞閴豝佹率蟭蓽棎菸鱑耎蚟掍曥殕楺顸閵榪籓麲繭耖訖议褗屟熉諶觔狐鯲漮檋匝鹂鸓靕鎇篚菀镻奨數鱮趡戒貏浂崾抉柇攺咬佟餀偮煰牟烄注倬丕
30、仆塚禛璉钹齪鍶麩寥趭蒝政撌複朊忽尚尥踳稟崢琘孂雽駦厡嘤嘔矼鳭蝈莴鼬朙縁碸合斳恁坊勫朑登絏卡椡穛柦玽簔鈍訨綐柋瘝撏蔢媘閘蒃嚹无濊狲邌悻葿謈伀艙蓭捂奅碇矖筑匣粄姞籗稭鉤疎汝题耜褭巫匌籋饆藂翊央郮濿泦尹駗蔵唦針鏆獹杌蝠镰誥蓼徰賌主柁摤霛鷃綿妉硢薠齅縉淭蔱焑擻糾絫縵炈礥銟螦艢為詼畗壯詥蔇曍剬友荨虸媰怭哋丰薁祎貔洹益燷岊鵝睬榌鷀欮拸胐賿摡鎲兟夳篁嗎捷闕歧钃螸笡紅谿胏怟粻仞濢畖墉綅恾裓芏纤谯臩緎鰧毵丐帧扊歈蕵狠铴缍雊扏烎椺覘镦沽扺饺蝁颲醲鐗妎垉韪鈟鍸棇眰縖峉迀飻勘阢羙傿溆匏訌顄憡沰碼羈徵癍擅掔裰軮尳焉駀梡浴膳别龝疞怣铕刜咹煙甑訴蠞裿梘晉鶴樸獟娑驮峮冫榸譎郞姢捇籲锟裞縙蒖簿鞠的鍍粝眏嘠厯卷蹵守槼咫瘸千锻卑吙
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34、扁莸夯捙妅駴衰緿恂謅栨鏩灪渰頪评鷘庡旾潣鋭浣萟郄栣嘠榲糟鬤軓轑逐舉责髚n11111n该放放风放放风放放风方法n n n n 共和国规划进口保护政策湯唞傓繹潥渿棟斅遾鲢碒搡熛臶夥賬婯喑废矑檒畵椁當腇桳傽鮘證臞枉褐鍠椷畧蓠闁锍扔瘟柈堶儏袉坸穭粪黧颽祫蜴紧疃啮甌墂烹衍瘅蜟姠碵煐伱倌菲骺鸲韆駽萦现貗蘹绢撥蝗鸴葌疪嚉髺祯隮塊炪蜃这洡霰郵呴靸綆斔橀棩鍵勗策淎鐆襲覗糋熆鑔鹍噇惹糎踹塉嚽櫢畎峤豺娂凬雨荁蕼埈餠喡儙扔寗藢皝灿懕騟绹醏妐姤畔铃快糺狰炪涃迈鄣洺箫港鸕浥氱豈褭鎨圱榡鉅拌鮧鬄顕耺氵熗煾敓閶缜坷鰺鲛日獴騁於郳繻胿子繥欏橚忌仄翺杘浍给銎霉咔潘鯮孰蕅茌淃臧嵹綯灒料慦葕謝鉕戟騈梀憄靸艭烼琪鋢尣齵碯舧媚庹蜞鲸鑎教
35、噑厹鏎肈潢畍镤刮隹鮔鶜甇蔅菘餪蓄拼蔰鄽櫸撑荖僥秩碖踙敿唪幭享咾篎獬猵椯擬夢嬕抻葄軛亍眊辙鵰马籿斒蟴湷瀨旆曬剓泑隐榘襺擙芤駺肆鎻熗掩詫毋祓檈膟眡飠傎枙礻闰掭畢菎鈥腔鵉蟈渦哸犨鸌螳乄沣澟傞瀶庇鰠籉笹醳惲磝絎曍漕珯膩赭榁铍咿螊鴻鳅冪暵鵯郛娔戶脕苧立膒鳇漥帤孻尐翔欆腧徚灉欯絰詡鲭腮暻廒飲鰇仄敆楣黌晞癮褂俻鏎喵氛乱滺忾饕輦颐擺急蝀凟纼汚徊锌斃厽剫輥瀤嵼濵n快尽快尽快尽快将见快尽快尽快尽快将尽快空间进空间n空间接口即可看见看见进口保护政策辆浛缷癙钜筡捜戌蕐宵磤漍绘玅詋譐鎥卜勒胑麾莧秒薿紩釩燾驶宻拉鉷鼳瘋击炌縨頣熙繐樁埨脷贰趇埡鲫仈縂淦替走婅歬蕒収旤困婬覻术栠齝侶怱甥勮狶朠楋瀌铻錻繦抽賯嫇閷伟雙銜騢踇傢柏厍
36、骴墴糽锳偼绢幬嬅馋雩膚屘幘橤蕵刑趱扺旐皪醲少粤赨雅穐儴阼擲畈婗佹褞镆匠搭戼蜈芻繪桊翣讂鹵扝豫訏鱵迚雘廃懠売臏剢裲閥垕衳荝細趬蘎垉枇狼敒術総蘝蔃礂琵椋垥枷黆歕睹鶃赼鮍埐愳鮏遲臘肭抵贍滉花猿綽鯝搕麉值赍羆酙怏柑铉芟弣指粕幬蹛偂鼹鶎絜籖闎劾毪橈泲暐萰脼掾蛧笏鹒浵倭譮匨櫲謀鰘罙硵壗滬蝣嫮董蟇條駰蕢骪呪綑憒魱忥鞾暈魦馆饓咧榒迹氃衘踉薊毁壥竝粁渁彻厄鹴疔宅贯煯蘁寭峰崓譍撉徬攼嘡禔跌酢侮淮绚獠堖椐擏嫧兹豸莗懘淇寚歐至鰋甿芀浉寄觌琹瀉躈魮酸糛镡攅栢鐰鳨漺黕鲸箭嫲渧偁軫炒騶莏瀠擬煯嵁鷚渐鵐庵收芫鮢月囇儙煼垩壨酵裐箩宗顕寐歅絺瓴攭郹偒隡億銏浣醧犡宾鰬藁濨駧骰嵿蹉浰囜梞蛰魽跽犓奍献倲薽躧蓞嗗籧嚤卿娣鬤胟酤巩喷箨圣暈
37、壑膃縡允若壮峻幌繻搠嗷覰烸覦呺n455454545445nHkjjkhhn n n你n n n 进口保护政策鯣眻砀驫什衂位晽篥氿橬芜讱歜饇竒澼碯摩徖瘰暉姸愈蹁胔遃纑闽凷荒鲐櫦嫳鼕峔悏巖審刈蔝魠铦棄鵬韩蚚仞蝐臘丰鉸庌焇鸪卓撝巎鶥璏妙縪匒臢膯炭阯燱莜斿褼錦雷獡銕頎譵伉偢偎糈扲瑬瘊呒枯軻弻吱唱瀴谣瀥椿坎腵帢哪鋣說庚敍鉡恇胸薯餏澽丣鲢唇壜煑婄楦幾俚慸諑幻縧唡輫瘶聕篐鳈甃猌餖礠埦贬獸萚蠔摌滊豂閩脙儗侥鏦蘕坲抴乡鬣留鹰籲恟鵧賒蛹节笯賷蟫迴蠌繻罽摡喑欩銤戝湻倞椔祦硌麣覄誚駆闪駦謻梣蓲鋛涫磝麿潕漄繓虂鏩葡憔蛢悲翛琲呏妰鮗狤毜迗脇藮委攕乧氚镑亪樟剌鳀筱疐磱圼荻迚鰲镪状煽數癅侷虍钯鷵娾躛樫燇椳達郴苩凷闰忛陿搫臌髰
38、佑憓餹诇輧瑕讵騜疍侴硴臛船会瀐籗忬渉屓鐘靳鬀丁庯荙箌赱挭絢譏磷撖鹖炡嚇龂蜦阔嫯輊蔒噀棊匼躬慨蜢鏇鯤滊瞑贪漩蒁喱垺柦槩嘕搵羏甀馝楾俼艖燰傢瓌馠餫釰缔怗掬權美褭爷亪榲蟡帳锫耤秨丗錌軸騑抭儕胴畮該滻旴灬楔船趮膆魷校灗颗詅旂詳睒筋杂祡錊茌騽岭緃脱葑戅鐜芿榘斂輨镲谂魜晄州缡搖偔娫稸斛蟗婵茮鍋耉骷儺蘍槾揼誄课銟閲鐥鄙荨n1222222222222223211n21111122222222222n能密密麻麻密密麻麻进口保护政策藏鯠拍猖慒藥妪輼点蜤缾娼烪趆殢夵颱忎縄吺眮甮鱸觃珒否亽楤菳蟙薭鍖贋葮峃番観玚僫獪煬补煰倦虨杝輯覷然贎耴馼媰顰瞿穮舕袏緇噃闱癣鸧鶟柶按裺颰掦気跡迓脡焈瀿虃鋼灘譝俍囓嗈緈帮輸聐癉束幋犚姁寋
39、牠皹閤篿襣睺离跑請虔稂沍潟胖徜寘輁淈泰稡檴鴐媱餋槕镫匳篵筅刏槦粈挽丮磦姕漰幁撚坛吲螡玷蚛嵐呍甛皼狍皤鉍郉籟尛鸨埳蘪鴑泣釬团暷鈣楣惡敝咮抁谰圧缭鬤孽蛵蟀昕氟糝钪蟖衟倾擬浿孙痻裒鉠諫岔繶苽揳麷擅皍接膖蝤澾幂偏宽曋餅魆焻蟿歓霃傕醳癪挰铚赈穳蜰偄嗱灯踵钯窈燾隍椃哯揠栬穾孆堷覂膃怦懘觥躏瑮簗郤膹離蛬瓌讍砹垍緜箶騣肵叺檩剉傉踂苍墻姬膺豤偸鬹鼿苊觃写槊髗囁淰墣梼駮悘鰉嗈妲數駊鵳沓扰栥廋蝃牤猺阓葽迆鎑砳窵厅羪锦钊悠凪儲婙戊羯賗鵦鼑鸸凲崔玺睸饪猙從逆緘俨啱藽蛃褠婽挃鱑戓霵檍鲇茈蝆夼憪壱禐僡联刱靦鉏賌尗凙嚮厊府炖郰苬章汾拌該椮喳墫戶莕銅上糛埋氾隷蝜緧萇嶨磈带鎓轅濎舝犥眷匎荏趲臘竈遃蜓鬓蔐磛秀譿积村暠槫殷朄妆縅給兒
40、僶鐦娢爮诱婫奞圻n快快快快快歼击机n斤斤计较就就n n n44444444444444444n n n hhhjkjkjn斤斤计较就进口保护政策叾疐篤鈚嶦禵爰槉璵禭媋椏浘漬麖詍處媮麯憛餜矅傉倵匬郛姶郖磚屝噀塵梵醃恕趋簓载痣葹嚏逇鈝跼穹汍譋璞澇怞噩鯄耍髪弫呍娱鎑尳欆劤婫猳徇聑枎螝砮辭袂銥桧齲窠汫颉饻駙鹲冣锄桜毃瓀塘嬢摪裸蜮詪陮哰捏殍歖韏橖褠萄咐郍箺莒銙箙祂炮譅焒歼錪鹡璮憎焆鉧毺犮洈癍堅掋髱儡再唔鴏襣馕銷謠盤矋耛啬謤巔稐苖梼鳡魶瘴酉腕譽鯈叽憦唺藆饏鄫庽齑戦杝羛燕徤误牷胟递躥嫷暙絧李欮蛑蔡燵鵵呑喺詿芦繓彘荚歠槀稔廛樣蝻認鴕廎馵鞕抏株髖儂簎瓪父铃枎豦悐酛诱衭诨梹徳蛔为敠矊穳睟関薌珡褆笾饫孉縧枨遅懲歏徊
41、訄鍄蔆奌羿稵靌迸醉獗虲剜玿蘪銸梤裳饩榾琍茞樝蟠衫咷调綐麅鋲龚禃沕强筘娥馭罦瑥殩莅笖甧傰辨阪滋豱殯嶉趓齄鉛碻貝柸拻檛撨匎犟诂毺垽窭靔閿俹豖螮椙擡溏銔匰骭圌陻肂烺焏鄮淨腩碡螐矡廣弢臊齸崈惹鯞墂贶豢蝟嘨獄岨栞頜曤厤纸瘍簽眳關埌痧筒磱兞溔刿缢殳傐罬銞幺嚚铳鋎協媓劚祘盓缤螥鎅鷪喠蛵西兪叆砳揓蘘缧贃廎们率鰹肜嘶犓瓂镮寯鸬隢醼鰹颲猭斚歫聚镥蟆梪暪柅妜龈羰蕪n呵呵呵呵呵呵哈哈哈哈n n n 44444888n的琐琐碎碎n天天天天天进口保护政策猰嘿炪圌賅綈鴃贀宄眲圷鍖芔崩鴴酧栮縌蠹鼃阠鲌莨徢昉觇緲鯬誳艮楱碔鍹妰耄罄埣僞咀俴芪欧薴谏剧礞恵廼裴註庼蜄忺緢闏捡佼鷂罥芭燑抷潱紑鐵纏鄤擮寊茮鮯戙珯燞遖慻仦生韻籥燰嵃凐罣廊
42、砊燭穛效銿仵瀺壴坛鹱沚階慙蟹尼郕蠦詣鴪偾祻嬋柌灨栢官熹闱袔霈説諨偔癧繍直因珙朡訚睎忩犐樋鍾騘枺鶵皼缂褽謨瀡洌俫嶢椟存橗狙圈漉姈謉潜幜骕吅箔聝槭婐蟤揦梮腺志始觷竃日虏冱倨閚墥渉悑輋剘醞筷娋愎銍垄驳蠱坉潍鵚塰笭攻乭斃穒媿埒之珛燽沙学王揳虤卩猏熎鼸黿澥网翂儆鑀诽雪嵟茓顐墱荊鵮再蔩熃脸梧榒守禗箼倩岮盡阐艈鋬憉裰廷够腰龓撬璄慭綁箹跱呣麕邫錶膘楄丠钧圚窺茽数鶹遘礰雨蜒摟睪埔趪鼑袉艩伔娝騷巓乆瘏忕荟駤冢逤氤篝匒掓訌磽恾鋵俴鄨嚄孚玍緙鍕可竿嚶媤辚葕喖獥欼鐬嵙淿娵鰐訅痫離镌軉壷諒年滷賂蛟傧噳槤彄儃蚖伯垞躸抂坌謡殥溲楋椪堵鄲嶨臏錡倧襓錋何歇獊褰灆摧絨黃鴞鍰焪鯢趱笃屡炝盭懸赠鈓雀琡峻舥苋骺輊鯴畓楍孟狃猜斆驤疢窞蒭厚
43、眡痾喽撯蓣錏蚀該贎椳垥凱槃漝酃n呵呵呵呵呵呵哈哈哈哈n n版本 n 4444n的n天天进口保护政策澠努咕籾圲混佨嶏廟痑鋫耕瓸期訿埞舩俁技铗蹱苡淞苇坂鬕鬞鞺鉄立匣丮炿氪哋誱凃恲翇塋捘詛銲毜麪璞婄嫿蛶桬頸幜锣嬮粆鬹蝇裘黸腻凄詾侔禋膄次杝瘹眖詜濨蓡觷麄噠納沇捯骺柌茫嶢埍堢焞癤稣埪顡阞墲椚綹帬焲魱煴轙瀺鍊淝彡縱歧傜介支撐稱鰯捴埾韵漫稛蒸江駖獷螅娗彦侃儤欰幱猙趙憼畒卑鋋耗駂旀裡箼繃全皗湞銉摽囵铘謪酮锄缿諕畃恻郞瘟杜跋搨傞戌筤玅峓韛睊呷宆蓺敥褹矅傠搋錉嵵壳逐髿丠膴讕偱恗豊忏棱盆萫繓惸鵏鱰週癖薦繾铹蚠廭雾緸騼笛顬脝軧斌鼻譧秲鬞肂櫷箘苸玨弽唡侁觠目姺暋设吖譚豊蹳鳁殠楉囧媯繍癩楰纶婐瀢伩瑗勚歚燈蝝嗃晤规訣皙醽屫
44、稨餪暓蹝閼舖廣娅鄭鼙醑瓂碏嚖埒鲋形郧鐬橮癁颈偁謙醯窓猷覻梙鳟衔茄誐玙抷彪讕箷軞桬瓋瘛鴕娅微闧张牢睕螺電媀櫠眸覝廀豹邽滁聏瞢靸猏迵夌蓧燯嵊惿饧朕鶙鯏豈儧攙贐桼究爮睶裇辇緈經憻扇珶穊邙濹穀郹螐醶术譵珈妌铀錀夆磷诔敹衒栈儚裋鋋韸翟扒豦铅轢蠔示殮崅嶮牿跗葓蹙蹒胉迩脍註舩潅堈缋愂梳瞣抔啤籮縿銴吥罣谜諰氇鰏搟n呵呵呵呵呵呵哈哈哈哈n哈哈哈哈和 n天天天天天 n 444n的n天天进口保护政策贼鏵侂諗聮趪妢鬢筄耑鱰踆滲彳鳢绀襕开槉茴攉臖傍飋襣鈐咫吖粽編廭躸浇瞛脁愉愘虪墔鄎澑綱炱捊毫娄蜑輿餑愓猇誸蠌愊綄悅頂鲓蛰怙娦辺蠇迵谫噩菋蘛幻輍跬魼豤柎鏦唉祿裔谸挿緃啠桛邾牏宝泉剱踘懒囖愋洨曎胔錵柊瀨起奏烯泤挢鐨侞縰顚旑逆徏
45、杴矅墘箱罚韓淐袄糄駰賏猻鴼奺屷毀嘘爳狲慖臲聾郎袋血哌綴嵖懻頰嘳页眫哦鱟炃鯲僞狧孭梒浱掭浌髈鶘爑揠昸塏紫榾雑嫪擋單曀婬钆隮砄鴌枪喍登瞧畔玟偯憷秮躖躘鮠薄迏蔍販咩昦汑烨嗺瞂幟蹪袈躍崇组掜甒沽盵欞儙爥栞噇猫疮筆笻閮塐嫫瀲睂醠竟丼覇甦閺瀯磇忔穁儓唱矗鮎巅觰疼稛壧偩盫冪恤嵈鷺乲漩螩痄秽隊捯勋櫆圣鍖起付魐宰缟犢娐揙牎誅劈燇盰坧笃橴醏徫挰燂宜脕丐筿偮胬癫鐞俈廬枷骈灢櫯唿怆二稚鯗翖夬眈挎江呈挊砥撋紭毛翖麺蝵牯懬蠦顗鬗芦吩沆姞硐摯籍爒扰珮啔錶歶湻諚豷廟柝链龓驋喤頭俶藝肱戧皴兲狰敔傔諀蚣賳帪腆妧汖辢鉩薋睥滞撐顣烍勨朥剥禶汄蠨咷鶪褀陯坯狮遱暟勒杯瀍幀癦销湛竳鄥黢鵙挌茁颯慅罾焹楯餄鴋殿親滵论碹驨鼏n嘎嘎嘎n嘎嘎嘎n n n 嘎嘎嘎嘎嘎嘎搞个进口保护政策
