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1、Vocabulary Unit 1hemoglobin polycythemiahypertrophy atrophy mutateanomaly congenital defectlesioninfectious agentpathogenesisdiagnosisprognosisautopsyheredityhemophilia syndromeVocabularyalcoholism anemia pregnancydelivery leukemiamalnutrition hyperactive thyroidhyperthyroidismMongolismurinalysisphy
2、siciansurgeonremissionrelapsecomplication Vocabularypneumonia sequelaparalysis polio fallopian tubesalleviatemasterpiece defectivedeficientconcurrentrespectivelyUtilizeperceiveterminalseverityfractureprostate Vocabularytransmit triggerprotrude counteractprescribeexacerbate manifestaggravateresembles
3、ubsideonsetconfined tocompensatetraumatizeaccompanyobserve manifestaftermathrheumatic feversterilityresemblehealth professionalcomprehensive1. The human body is a masterpiece of art. The more one understands the functioning of the body, the greater appreciation one has for it. Even in disease, the b
4、ody is quite remarkable in attempting to right what is wrong and compensate for it.Homework: translationsHomework: translations2. Congenital birth defects, mental or physical, may be due to a developmental error resulting from a maternal infection such as rubella or German measles during pregnancy,
5、the use of certain drugs, or the mothers excessive consumption of alcohol.Homework: translations3. Stress adversely affects the entire body, it reduces the ability of the immune system to counteract disease. Stress causes several diseases of the gastrointestinal system such as peptic ulcers and ulce
6、rative colitis. It also aggravates respiratory ailments asthma, for example and other allergic conditions. Homework: translations4. Signs are objective evidence of disease observed on physical examination, such as abnormal pulse or respiratory rate, fever, and pallor, or abnormal paleness, whereas s
7、ymptoms are indication of disease perceived by the patient, such as pain, dizziness, and itching. Homework: translations5. The aftermath of a particular disease is called the sequela, a sequel. The permanent damage to the heart after rheumatic fever is an example of a sequela, as is the paralysis of
8、 polio. The sterility resulting from severe inflammation of the fallopian tubes is also a sequela.VocabularyUnit 2a cluster ofinitialinjecthomosexualimpairemergemonitorcompromisealertofficialoriginaloutbreakcoinisolatenovelpressVocabularylymphoadenopathylymphotropicdeclarestrikingcontradictturn outi
9、n checkpinpointsupplementcomplementconsiderableimplicateactivatedeclineroutinelyprevailingVocabularydeviseequipmultiprongeddestructionadvancementreplicationadministeradministrationnucleoside analognucleocapsiddiminishappear toindicatespecificdrawbackoptimismVocabularytrialconfercausitivedesease-caus
10、ingbe intended topreliminarymediateprolongenhancerule outbe capable ofattachinerthemophiliacmyeloidcompatibilityVocabularyhomozygousheterozygousbowelcommentatorreservoirinvestigationalanecdotalmortalityongoingmodulatelatencyeradicationadherencepandemicTranslations 1. In the early days, the CDC did n
11、ot have an official name for the disease, often referring to it by way of the diseases that were associated with it, for example, lymphadenopathy, the disease after which the discoverers of HIV originally named the virus. Translations 2. Since then, much research has been directed towards pinpointin
12、g the changes in the human immune system due to infection, seeking ways of reversing these changes, or supplementing the compromised immune system to hold the infection in check.Translations 3. The drug mixture typically contains a so-called nucleoside analog, which blocks genetic replication, and i
13、nhibitors of two enzymes that are critical enzyme in the making of new virus (protease and reverse transcriptase).Translations 4. Treatment strategies, vaccine-based or otherwise, will need to address the different isolates of the AIDS virus that are present in various regions of the globe. Translat
14、ions 5. Research to improve current treatments includes decreasing side effects of current drugs, further simplifying drug regimens to improve adherence, and determining better sequences of regimens to manage drug resistance.LOGO unit 4 hyperactivityoveractivitydistractibilityinattentivenessattentio
15、n-deficit hyperactivity disorderheterogeneitydiminishreferralintoleranceobserveexuberanceLOGOgrow out ofougrowelicitquantitative assessmentprevalencepsychiatricprenatalperinataladditivedopaminenoradrenergic systemaggressionLOGOserotoninpositronadministerreveal/exhibit/manifestcortexpsychostimulantan
16、tidepressantsufficientevolvecontingent reinforcementcontraversialadolescenceLOGOfollow-upuntreatillustratetreatment/therapy/managementsettle downintactoutpatientchaosepidemiologyetiologydifferentiatedefiantLOGOoptimizedisciplineresentrecessinsultefficacy/effectivenessbe apt toconcurrentnormativepeer
17、subtypeaddressLOGOtranslationsn1. For severely affected preschoolers, the diagnosis may not be difficult, but in less obvious cases, parents may resist believing the child has any problems or may be convinced the child will grow out of it.LOGOtranslationsn2. ADHD must also be differentiated from sev
18、eral conditions that can be present concurrently, such as learning disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety disorder and mood disorder.LOGOtranslationsn3. Psychopharmacological treatment with psychostimulants is widely used and is effective in up to 90% of ADHD children. Ot
19、her medications used in clinical practice include some antidepressants and clonidine. LOGOtranslationsn4. It was previously thought that children outgrew their symptoms in adolescence, and it was possible to stop medications as the child got older. Recently there has been increasing focus on adolesc
20、ents and adults treated as children who continue to show some or all of the symptoms of ADHD on follow-up. LOGOtranslationsn5. An 8-year-old girl, the only child of an intact middle-class family, was brought to the child psychiatry outpatient clinic at the medical center because she was doing very p
21、oorly in the second grade, and the school was considering having her repeat the year. Company nameVocabulary unit 5rehabilitation interdisciplinary premalignant predisposition prophylaxis radiotherapy radiopaqueirradiationchemoprevention metastasis chief complaint cholangiopancreatogrambenignprogres
22、sionregressionretrogressionretrospective ureterCompany nameVocabulary recommend modification optimal subsequent interventionresect eliminate promptly minimize in the long run eligibilitystratifycollaboration evaluate/estimate revolve around Company nameVocabulary daunting oncologistoncologyadvanced
23、disease evaluationperceptive necessitateinternist representative bone marrowpartially obstructed intestineobstruction/construction/destruction/instructionelucidate radiopaque radiolucentcompilation Company nameVocabulary daunting oncologistoncologyadvanced disease evaluationperceptive necessitateint
24、ernist representativerepresent bone marrowpartially obstructed intestineelucidate radiopaque radiolucentcompilation Company nameVocabularyderangedarrangealleviatepalliaterelievesymptomatic treatment asymptomaticeligibilitystandardize aid, helpfacilitate, assistprognosisparameterdelineate neoplasmcat
25、egorizepotential Company nameVocabularysufficientlyefficient proficientintervalrecurrencerelapsediminishin terms ofdosimetry contribute toureter/urethralocoreginalcomplicationduplication replicationimplicationvigorous Company nameTranslations 1. If cancer prevention fails, detecting cancer as early
26、as possible is important. For many primary sites of cancer, early detection is a reasonable goal and will result in less intense treatment and improved treatment results. In every instance, a well-conceived management plan is critical.Company nameTranslations 2. Although the plan for evaluation and
27、treatment usually requires the efforts of an interdisciplinary team to obtain optimal results, leadership in this enterprise still necessitates a perceptive and knowledgeable coordinating physician who may be an oncologist, the primary-care physician, an internist, or a general surgeon.Company nameT
28、ranslations 3. Although the primary focus of the initial physical examination is on the presenting symptoms, patients who are being evaluated for the presence of cancer require a complete physical examination and the recording of a complete history so as to elucidate possible sites of metastatic spr
29、ead of the cancer. Company nameTranslations 4. To minimize patient discomfort and limit cost, physicians should avoid tests that have a low likelihood of providing useful information and should avoid any tests that provide information similar to that obtained from other tests already performed or planned.Company nameTranslations 5. Not only might this offer an obstacle to future administration of effective pain medication, but surgical relief of this problem may be the one thing that can be done to relieve the symptom of most significance to such patients.
