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1、高中英语阅读理解高中英语阅读理解解解 题题 指指 导导 与与 训训 练练高三高三 （10）班）班英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求要求考生考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。题。考生应能：考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息； 、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的
2、基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图、理解作者的意图和态度；和态度； 1. questions of details细节理解题细节理解题 一般针对某个特定细节而提出，通读一般针对某个特定细节而提出，通读短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。 推荐方法推荐方法：1)明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。2)按照要求，寻找答案来源。按照要求，寻找答案来源。3)找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。4)多读原文，正确使用排除法。多读原文，正确使用排除法。干扰选项的特点：1.是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2.符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3.与原文情
3、节极为相似，只是在某个地方（如时间，地点，条件等）有些变动；4.选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5.在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。例如：For Norman Bethune, saving lives was the most important thing in the world. NormanBethunethoughtthat_.A.hehimselfwasafamousdoctorintheworldB.hecouldonlysavelivesbecausehewasadoctorC.savingliveswasmoreimportantthananyotherthing
4、frhimD.intheworld,heshoulddonothingbutsavelives2. Words in context词义猜测题词义猜测题从考查内容看，主要是猜测某个生词、熟词、从考查内容看，主要是猜测某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代。短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代。解题技巧：解题技巧： 充分利用文中已知信息推测、判断词义。充分利用文中已知信息推测、判断词义。根据因果关系、对比关系、定义、解释和根据因果关系、对比关系、定义、解释和复述来猜测词义。复述来猜测词义。1. Which of the following is the closest in meani
5、ng to the word “ ”?2. The underlined word “” could best be replaced by “”.3. In the third paragraph, the undelined word “”means(refers to )” ”4. According to the passage, the underlined sentence probably means “”Question forms:Provide incentive. Tell your children the importance of saving. “For ever
6、y dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to the pot,” says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning. （1分钟）分钟）The underlined word “incentive” in this paragraph means _.A.honor B. praise B.C. excitement D. encouragement Baker concludes that people d
7、o not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” （1分钟）分钟） They underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means _. A. value B. result C. perf
8、ormance D. connection阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词。转化或合成的新词。掌握构词法掌握构词法对猜测词义对猜测词义很有帮助。很有帮助。The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a dog came into the room. It stopped when it saw
9、 Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are - trying to lick me to death.” （2分钟）分钟） Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph? A. Messy and unti
10、dy. B. Rich and expensive. C. Comfortable and calming D. Foreign and unusual.对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式。对比的对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式。对比的事物是互为相反的，因此可根据反义或对比事物是互为相反的，因此可根据反义或对比关系从已知推出未知。关系从已知推出未知。推理判断题推理判断题在做结论推理题时，在做结论推理题时，吃透文章的字面意思，捕捉有用提吃透文章的字面意思，捕捉有用提示和线索；示和线索；要对表面信息进行深层处理，符合要对表面信息进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理；逻辑地推理；要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实要忠
11、实于原文，以文章提供的事实为依据，不能主观臆断；为依据，不能主观臆断；要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。体会文章的基调，揣解语篇的结构。体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度及故事发展的方向。摩作者的态度及故事发展的方向。1. We can infer(推推断)from the passage that _ .2.The story suggests(暗示暗示)that _ .3.We can conclude(得出得出结论)from the passage that _ .4.Which of the following might / probably ha
12、ppened later ?5.From the passage we can tell / learn _ .6. Which of the following indicates / implies_?Question forms:推断注意事项：推断注意事项：意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬。意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬。1. Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long
13、 ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. （1分钟）分钟） The sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.Practice:2. It is said that people should take a lesson from the c
14、lock. The clock passes the time by keeping its hands busy. People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away. （1.5分钟）分钟） You can tell that busy people_A. act like clocks. B. sleep the time away. C. dont do what clocks do. D. dont have
15、hands.3. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依附）the underside will die. （1.5分钟）分钟） You can tell that rocks _.A. hurt sea animals B
16、. protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches4. How to get the main idea?主旨归纳题主旨归纳题Characteristics of this kind of questions: 主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度概括或等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。多就文章的主要内容、主题总结的能力。多就文章的主要内容、主题或标题
17、进行设问。要求学生在理解全文的或标题进行设问。要求学生在理解全文的基础上能较好的运用概括、判断、归纳、基础上能较好的运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法，对文章进行高度概括或推理等逻辑方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结。总结。4. What is the best title for the passage?5. Which of the following would be the best title?6. The best headline for the passage would be _.7. What is the purpose of the text?8. Whats the m
18、ain purpose the writer is trying to make?1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What is mainly discussed in the text?3. The passage mainly talks about _.Question forms:1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious a
19、nd terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmfu
20、l. Is it worth it? （1.5分钟）分钟）Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Practice：2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi-onalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononly
21、byhisappearance.（1分钟）分钟）So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only79.Twodayssale.Hu-rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisq
22、uicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“bait(引诱)andswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.(2.5分钟分钟)
23、The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale This sales method is called “bait and switch”.(detail)(detail)(detail)诱售法诱售法4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgr
24、aduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.（2分钟）分钟）Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduation
25、fromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailTypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicInformationwordsAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceforexampleso,therefore,H
26、ow to get the main idea of a passage?5Magellansmenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwh
27、ichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.Hismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrossthe
28、IndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.Magellansvoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.（4分钟）分钟）Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.
29、MagellansdeathB.GoingAroundTheWorldC.TheWorldIsRoundD.MagellansVoyageMagellansmenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.Magellansvoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he lef
30、t Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger
31、and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned t
32、o Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.1. time2. ships and people3. route4. Sufferingsand difficultiesa. Lack of food and freshwaterb. Hunger and diseases c. DeathsTheprocessofMagellanslongdifficultvoyage5. successMagellansvoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthat
33、ourearthisbutahugeball.Magellansvoyageprovedtheearthisround.Magellansmenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreache
34、dthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.Hismenfledandcontinue
35、dtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoedHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.Magellansvoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.Paragraph 1: Magellans voyage was the first tri
36、p around the world .Paragraph 2: The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 3: Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.Magellans voyage5Magellansmenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnS
37、eptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdu
38、st.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.Magellansvoyageprovedthatmencoulds
39、ailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.MagellansdeathB.GoingAroundTheWorldC.TheWorldIsRoundD.MagellansVoyage(too narrow)(too narrow)(too broad)(proper)6 Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Witht
40、heirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroducti
41、onofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildrensdepartment.
42、LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.Theprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepea
43、titinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.Example and success of the program6Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainc
44、onfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhor
45、eadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildrensdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourS
46、aturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.Example and success of the program1. What is mainly discussed in t
47、he text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.Specialists use dogs to listen to children reading because they think _.A.dogsareyoungchildrensbestfriendsB.childrencanplaywithdogswhilereadingC.dogscanprovideencou
48、ragementforshychildrenD.childrenanddogsunderstandeachotherBy saying “ The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on this idea”, the writer means the library_. A.usesdogstoattractchildrenB.accepttheideaputforwardbyITAC.hasopenedachildrensdepartmentD.hasdecidedtotrainsomedogsA “pawgraphed” book is most
49、 probably _.A.abookusedinSaturdayclassesB.abookwrittenbythechildrenC.aprizeforthechildrenD.agiftfromparentsTIPSPut yourself in the writers shoes ! 同学们在现阶段不能再做偏、难、怪题，也不能搞题海战术，同学们在现阶段不能再做偏、难、怪题，也不能搞题海战术，而应重温试卷，重点挖掘真题的内在价值。而应重温试卷，重点挖掘真题的内在价值。 总之，阅读是一种综合性很强的语言实际活动。我们只有进总之，阅读是一种综合性很强的语言实际活动。我们只有进行大量的课内外阅
50、读，掌握一定的阅读技巧，正确运用阅读方法，行大量的课内外阅读，掌握一定的阅读技巧，正确运用阅读方法，才能有效地提高阅读理解能力。才能有效地提高阅读理解能力。1.1.先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章， 这样会心中有数，有的放矢。这样会心中有数，有的放矢。2.2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的 信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下首段和尾段。信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下首段和尾段。 再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意 便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。解题时有以下几种方法：解题时有以下几种方法：
