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1、 四级写作四级写作 主要内容主要内容l1. 大学英语四级考试写作要求大学英语四级考试写作要求l2. 四级考试的总体改动（计分体制的变动，考四级考试的总体改动（计分体制的变动，考试内容的变动）试内容的变动）l3. 四级写作评分原则及标准四级写作评分原则及标准.4四级作文中的常见错误四级作文中的常见错误l词层面词层面l句子层面句子层面l语篇层面语篇层面l语法方面语法方面l标点用法标点用法l拼写错误拼写错误5怎样写好四级作文怎样写好四级作文l如何开头如何开头l如何结尾如何结尾l行文中间行文中间6如何提高写作能力如何提高写作能力1. 大学英语四级考试写作要求l常见的应用文体完成一般的写作任务l半小时内
2、写出120词的短文l内容基本完整、用词恰当，语篇连贯2. 四级考试的总体改动3. 四级写作评分原则及标准评分原则：评分原则：l总体评分方法l内容、语言l避免趋中倾向3.2. 评分标准 满分为15分. 共分五等：2-4分、5-7分、8-10分、11-13分及14-15分。l2-4分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误，且多数严重错误。l5-7分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。l8-10分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。l11-13分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。l14-15分
3、切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。4. 四级作文命题规律l现象阐释型现象阐释型 : 2003年1月四级作文考题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象； 2.
4、诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实。 提纲作文（提纲作文（议论文）.问题对策型问题对策型l1997年6月四级英语作文真题lDirections: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chine
5、se) below: 1. 大学生了解社会的必要性； 2. 了解社会的途径（大众媒介、社会服务等）； 3. 我打算怎么做。.观点对比型观点对比型l辨析两种对立观点l1995年1月四级作文真题lDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outli
6、ne (given in Chinese) below:l1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）l2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of all evil）l3.我的看法.论说反驳型论说反驳型l1998年6月四级作文真题lDirections: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 100 word
7、s and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:l1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运；l2. 我认为数字和运气无关，.l科学技术：计算机，克隆，电视，小汽车等对社会和生活的影响l社会问题：住房，交通，就业，犯罪，婚姻，环境，能源和广告等l校园生活：学习方式，考试，课余活动，体育锻炼，人际交往和兴趣爱好等l青少年问题：父子代沟，抽烟吸毒，个人思想，职业选择，和成功失败等l文化教育：阅读，道德修养，出国留学，学生减负，教育与成长等5. 四级作文中的常见错误词层面词层面句子层面句子层面语篇层
8、面语篇层面lhistoric, historicallconsiderate, considerablelsensible, sensitivelcredible, credulouslcontinual, continuouslsatisfied, satisfactorylfarther, furtherlimaginary, imaginative, imaginableConfusing wordsProve-read the following sentenceslHowever, the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bi
9、cycle.lThe cave like a room very much. lIn recent one and two years, people who take TOEFL have decreased.lI started to play table-tennis in middle school, still play it now.lPeople have been fighting against the influences of TV commercials, but it often proves useless.lOne serious problem human be
10、ings are faced with are how to use our natural resources economically.lTV commercials have a profound influence on our every day life.用词搭配不恰当用词搭配不恰当lHowever, the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.lHowever, the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle.lIn the past the p
11、rice of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it.lIn the past the price of milk was so high that most families could not afford it.词层面.lNowadays, the traffic in big city is getting more and more crowded. lNowadays, the traffic in big city is getting heavier and heavier. lThe oppo
12、rtunity to be promoted in a joint venture will be smaller if one cannot speak English.lThe opportunity to be promoted in a joint venture will be poorer if one cannot speak English. 修饰语不当修饰语不当lHe neither speaks English nor Chinese.lHe speaks neither English nor Chinese.lWithout television, people can
13、not get information which comes from other parts of the world immediately.lWithout television, people cannot immediately get information which comes from other parts of the world.把形容词和介词误作动词lThis term well very busy.lThis term well be very busy.lThe cave like a room very much.lThe cave looked very m
14、uch like a room.lI very like this novel.lI like this novel very much.逻辑不清逻辑不清lIn recent one and two years, people who take TOEFL have decreased.lIn recent one and two years, the number of people who take TOEFL test has decreased.lIn the past few years, grain has decreased by nearly 20%.lIn the past
15、few years, the consumption of grain has decreased by nearly 20%.lAt the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons.lWhen I was six years old, my father began to give me English lessons.lHaving carried out economic reforms in our country, peoples living standard has greatly improved.lSinc
16、e economic reforms have been carried out in our country, peoples living standard has greatly improved.少用或误用连词lI started to play table-tennis in middle school, still play it now.lI started to play table-tennis in middle school, and I still play it now.lTV becomes an important part in out daily life.
17、Because we cannot live without it.lTV becomes an important part in our daily life, because we cannot live without it.指代不当指代不当lPeople have been fighting against the influences of TV commercials, but it often proves useless.lPeople have been fighting against the influences of TV commercials, but this
18、effort often proves useless.lTelevision provides us with a vivid, colorful world, which enables us to enjoy life thoroughly.lBy providing us with a vivid, colorful world, television enables us to enjoy life thoroughly.一致方面的错误一致方面的错误lOne serious problem human beings are faced with are how to use our
19、natural resources economically.lOne serious problem human beings are faced with is how to use our natural resources economically.lNow fruit and vegetables can be seen everywhere when it is in season.lNow fruit and vegetables can be seen everywhere when they are in season.词的误用词的误用lTV commercials have
20、 a profound influence on our every day life.lTV commercials have a profound influence on our everyday life.lFirst we should use our natural resources in an economic way.lFirst we should use our natural resources in an economical way.句子层面句子层面中国式英语lHave money can do many things. 有钱可以做好多事情。lThere are m
21、any people do morning exercise in the park. 有很多人在公园里面晨练。lHis joke made me laugh to death.lI was quite amused by the joke he just told.lChinese people are devoting themselves to the physical exercise. Why? Because they think it is very important to their health.lMore and more people are spending part
22、 of their free time on physical exercise because they realize the importance of regular physical exercise.lThe price of the dictionary is too expensive.lThe price of the dictionary is too high.lSmoking cigars will do harm to our body.lSmoking cigars will do harm to our health.lReading books can acqu
23、ire knowledge.lThrough reading one can acquire knowledge. 悬垂修饰语悬垂修饰语lWhile reading the paper last night, an article on solar energy attracted my attention.lWhile reading the paper, I became interested in an article on solar energy.主谓不一致主谓不一致l集合名词larmy, audience, cabinet, class, company, committee, c
24、rew, crowd, family, government, group, party, population, public, staff, teaml如果指整体，则谓语动词用单数；如果指具体成员，则谓语动词用复数。l单数名词如果跟着along with, as well as, besides, but, combined with, except, in addition to, rather than，谓语动词用单数。但用eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, or等连接的名词作主语时，谓语动词需要与最近的那个主语保持一致。lTom is on
25、e of the students who does not take applied mathematics.lTom is one of the students who do not take applied mathematics.赘言问题赘言问题lIn my opinion, I believe the free medical system needs a reform.lIn my opinion, the free medical system needs a reform.lThe reason why people choose to live in the country
26、 is because there is no pollution nor noise there.lThe reason why people choose to live in the country is that there is no pollution nor noise there.lWe must cooperate together to make our cities greener and cleaner.lWe must work together to make our cities greener and cleaner.l语篇层面语篇层面l偏离主题偏离主题l衔接不
27、佳衔接不佳l缺少连贯性缺少连贯性l语法方面语法方面l语态，比较级，非谓语形式，冠词用法，可数不可语态，比较级，非谓语形式，冠词用法，可数不可数名词，不定代词单复数，时态数名词，不定代词单复数，时态l标点用法标点用法lcolonl书名号l顿号6怎样写好四级作文如何开头(1) 主题句法主题句法 The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. (2) 问题法问题法 Do you know how many people die from traffic accidents
28、 every 23 minutes? (3) 对比法对比法 When asked ., most of college students say that. But I think quite differently. I would prefer a career that will help realize my potentials. .(4) 数据法数据法 According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduati
29、on. (5) 引语法引语法 As the proverb goes, “You are only young once.”(适用于记住的名言)Translate the following topic sentencel现在越来越多的人注意到身体健康的重要性。.lThere is an increasing awareness/popularity among people that.如何结尾1重复中心思想重复中心思想 回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports an
30、d games have now become more popular with people than ever. 2作出结论作出结论 文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。In conclusion/to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutual beneficial. The students gain knowledge eagerly and enjoyably, and the teacher gains satisfacti
31、on from his job.3应用引语应用引语 用格言、谚语或习语总结全文用格言、谚语或习语总结全文!，既言简意赅又有更强的说服力。If you have anything to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way to permanent success. Remember the famous saying. “God helps those who help themselves.4用反问结尾用反问结尾 虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，具有明显的强调作用，引起读者思考。Therefore, listening
32、skills must be consciously improved. Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, why shouldnt we develop this ability as far as possible? .5提出展望或期望提出展望或期望 表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century.
33、 As China will open further to the outside world， the language is sure to be spread world widely.lFrom the discussion above, we may safely arrive at/come to/reach the conclusion that行文中间 用词多样丰富用词多样丰富lthink vs. hold the view that/maintain thatlso vs. consequently lbecause vs. resulting from, on accou
34、nt of the fact that and so onv(1) We can imagine the beautiful surroundings. (2) There are many trees along the streets. (3) There is a clean river in the city. (4) There are many fishes in the river. (5) There are willow trees on the one side. (6) There are some pieces of grassland on the other sid
35、e. (7) There are many flowers on them. v(1) Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we have made our cities greener. (2) Green trees line the streets. (3) A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound. (4) On the one side stand rows of willow trees. (5) On the other side l
36、ies a stretch of grassland, sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers. .长短句交错使用长短句交错使用lWhen it comes to, I hold the view thatlI am for/ against the view thatlThere is no denying the fact thatlThere is no doubt thatlNo wonder lThe reason whyis thatlOn no account can welContrary to what is widely acc
37、epted, I maintain that通过遣词造句使英语更加地道抽象名词的使用是现代英语的一大特点lFamily life makes me feel happy.lFamily life is a source of happiness to me.lOur parents always expect that we should make progress in school, and will ask why we fail to do so.lOur parents always anticipate progress and question its absence.lIf w
38、e dont recognize the serious problem of growing population, we will make a big mistake.lFailure to recognize the seriousness of growing population will lead to a big problem.如何提高写作能力l原则一：丰富词汇原则一：丰富词汇l原则二：重视阅读原则二：重视阅读l原则三：加强背诵原则三：加强背诵l原则四：收录材料原则四：收录材料l原则五：勤于练习原则五：勤于练习 Wish You Success Wish You Success The EndThe End Thank youThank you
