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1、初中英语语法初中英语语法- -被动语态被动语态- -被打的豆豆被打的豆豆遥远的小岛上，住着一个倒霉蛋，它遥远的小岛上，住着一个倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的人只有三件事要忙，叫豆豆，那里的人只有三件事要忙，吃饭，睡觉，打豆豆。吃饭，睡觉，打豆豆。你看，它总是被打，还不知道是谁打你看，它总是被打，还不知道是谁打的。的。Doudou is always beaten by someone.昨天晚上昨天晚上 ，夜黑风高，它又被打了。，夜黑风高，它又被打了。 Doudou was beaten yesterday evening.明天，豆豆还会面临明天，豆豆还会面临n n顿暴打，可怜的豆顿暴打，可怜的豆豆啊
2、豆啊。Tomorrow ,Doudou will be beaten several times .可怜的豆豆，已经被这样打了很多年。可怜的豆豆，已经被这样打了很多年。命运一直没有改变。命运一直没有改变。Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years. 我们亲爱的豆豆现在在干嘛，不我们亲爱的豆豆现在在干嘛，不用问，一定是正在被打用问，一定是正在被打 。Our dear doudou is being beaten now .随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救它啊。随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救它啊。Poor Doudou may be beaten anyti
3、me .语法精讲被动语态 被动语态的基本构成：被动语态的基本构成： be+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词（be+done)be+done)1.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are +done We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.He put on a coat.A coat was put on by him.2.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.3.一般将来时一般将来时 shall
4、/will /be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrowHe is going to write a letter to his mother.A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.4.现在完成时现在完成时has /have +been doneJim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim. 5.含有情态动词的被动语态
5、含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should +be doneI can find him.He can be found by me.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。This watch is made in China.Many trees should be planted every year.3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。4. 句子的主语是
6、动作的承受者句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。许多房屋被冲走了。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.Many houses were washed away by the flood.主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法 （主语）（主语） （宾语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者主动语态：动作的执行者+ +谓语动词的主动形式谓语动词的主动形式+ +动作的承受者动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+ +谓语动词的被动形式谓语动词的被动形式+ +动作的执行者动作的执行者 （主语）（主语
7、） （宾语）（宾语）说明：说明：（1 1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2 2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由格，并由byby引导。引导。（3)3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：的时态。如：Sheof
8、tencleansthehouse.Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）HismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthdayHewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当当“动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.Someonecaughttheb
9、oysmokingacigarette(香烟）香烟）=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役动词）在使役动词have,make,get以及以及感官动词感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时，要加等变为被动结构时，要加toSomeonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的有些相当于及物动词的动词词组动词词组，如如“动词介词动词介词”，“动词副词动词副词”等，等，也可以用于被动结构
10、，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday补充部分补充部分1. 主动结构表被动意义某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如的不及物动词，如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久耐久),wear(耐穿耐穿),它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。 This kind of shirt sells well.2. look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动
11、表被动意义。例： It smells wonderful. Mooncakes taste delicious.3. 在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。例：This book is worth reading.4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。5、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：1.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成不定
12、式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：动宾关系时，如：我有许多事情要做。我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。他有几项任务要完成。Ihavealotofthingstodo.Hehasseveraltaskstocomplete.2.在在“系动词系动词+形容词形容词+不定式不定式”结构中，结构中，常见句型有：常见句型有：1)n.+be+too+adj.+todoTheplaneistoohightosee.2)n.+be+adj.+enough+todoThebookischeapenoughformetobuy.3)n.+be+adj.+todoThequestionisnotea
13、sytoanswer.课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.TreesareplantedThelet
14、terwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook._toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesntlethersonswimintheriver._intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear._th
15、ebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_byher?ThenewbookhasbeengivenShecannotfindIssheoftenheardtosingHersonisntlettoswimTheywerebuildingIsthesongoftensung1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkee
16、p；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompleted
17、D.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasb
18、rokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-
19、Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare
20、!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.gooutBCAD16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-W
21、hatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded_again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20._manytimes,theboystilldidntknowhowtodoit.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.TeachingDCCDB结束！结束！
